Assessment of the relationship among breast milk intake, birth pattern, antibiotic use in infancy, and premature atherosclerosis

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global problem to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may further contribute. With resources deployed away from antimicrobial stewardship, evidence of substantial pre-emptive antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients and indirectly, with deteriorating economic conditions fuelling poverty potentially impacting on levels of resistance, AMR threat remains significant. Main body In this paper, main AMR countermeasures are revisited and priorities to tackle the issue are re-iterated. The need for collaboration is stressed, acknowledging the relationship between human health, animal health and environment (“One Health” approach). Among the stated priorities, the initiative by the European Medicines Regulatory Network to further strengthen the measures in combatting AMR is highlighted. Likewise, it is asserted that other emerging health threats require global collaboration with the One Health approach offering a valuable blueprint for action. Conclusion The authors stress the importance of an integrated preparedness strategy to tackle this public health peril.

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Antibiotic use and other risk factors at hospital level for outbreaks with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.47711-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 709-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

T. I. I. van der Kooi ◽

M. Koningstein ◽

A. Lindemans ◽

D. W. Notermans ◽

E. Kuijper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Study Groups ◽

Ribotype 027 ◽

Defined Daily Doses ◽

Hygiene Measures ◽

Epidemic Period ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

The Relationship

The first Dutch outbreak due to Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 was observed in mid-2005; by the end of that year, eight hospitals were affected. To study the relationship between hospital-wide antibiotic use and the incidence of 027-linked C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) three study groups were made: group A, all eight hospitals with an 027-associated epidemic; group B, five of a total of six hospitals with occasional 027 cases, without an increase in CDAD; and group C, ten randomly selected hospitals with no reported 027 epidemics or isolated 027 cases. Quarterly data on CDAD incidences, hygiene measures and the use of fluoroquinolones, second- and third-generation cephalosporins, extended-spectrum penicillins, penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, lincomycins and macrolides were collected for 2004 and 2005, and divided into pre-epidemic and epidemic periods. Using a multilevel Poisson regression analysis, CDAD incidence was linked to antibiotic use in the previous quarter and to certain hygiene measures. In the pre-epidemic period, the total use of the studied antibiotics was comparable between affected and unaffected hospitals. Higher use of second-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and all of the studied antibiotics were independently associated with a small increase in CDAD incidence [relative risk (95 % confidence interval): 1.14 per increase of 100 defined daily doses per 10 000 bed days (1.06–1.23), 1.10 (1.01–1.19) and 1.02 (1.01–1.03), respectively]. However the effect was too small to predict which hospitals might be more prone to 027-associated outbreaks.

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Immunoglobulin A antibodies directed againstCampylobacter jejuniflagellin present in breast–milk

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800057769 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

I. Nachamkin ◽

S. H. Fischer ◽

X.-H. Yang ◽

O. Benitez ◽

A. Cravioto

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Milk Samples ◽

The Difference ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

The Relationship

SUMMAYWe studied the relationship between IgA anti–campylobacter flagellin antibodies in breast milk samples and protection of breastfed infants living in a rural Mexican village from campylobacter infection. There were fewer episodes of campylobacter infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic combined) in infants breastfed with milk containing specific anti-flagellin antibodies (1.2/child/year, 95% CI 0.6–1.8) versus non–breastfed children (3.3/child/year, 95% CI 1.8–4.8; P < 0.01). Infants breastfed with milk that was antiflagellin antibody negative by ELISA also had fewer episodes of infection compared with non-breastfed children, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (1.8/child/year, 95% CI 0.7–3.0 versus 3.3/child/year, 95% CI 1.8–4.8, P > 0.05). Breastfeeding has a protective effect against campylobacter infection and is associated with the presence of specific antibodies directed against campylobacter flagellin.

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Seborrheic Dermatitis of Infants: Treatment with Biotin Injections for the Nursing Mother

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.44.6.1014 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 1014-1016

Author(s):

Aaron Nisenson

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Biotin Deficiency ◽

Nursing Mother ◽

Limited Experience ◽

The Relationship ◽

Breast Fed

Four cases of extensive seborrheic dermatitis or Leiner's disease are presented which dramatically improved after the nursing mother was given injections of biotin. The relationship between seborrheic dermatitis in infants and biotin deficiency is discussed and the literature reviewed. From this review it appears that breast milk is deficient in biotin in comparison to cow's milk. The deficiency is further aggravated by poor maternal nutrition. Infection and diarrhea in the infant may also contribute to low blood levels of biotin. On the basis of this limited experience, injections of biotin to the nursing mother appear to be a useful treatment for the breast-fed infant with extensive seborrheic dermatitis.

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Safety of potential breast milk exposure to IFN-β or glatiramer acetate

Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1212/nxi.0000000000000757 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. e757

Author(s):

Andrea Ines Ciplea ◽

Annette Langer-Gould ◽

Anna Stahl ◽

Sandra Thiel ◽

Annette Queisser-Wahrendorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Glatiramer Acetate ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Physical Growth ◽

First Year ◽

Motor Delay ◽

Infant Outcomes ◽

First Year Of Life

ObjectiveTo determine whether potential breast milk exposure to interferon-beta (IFN-β) or glatiramer acetate (GA) is safe for the infant.MethodsWe identified 74 infants born to 69 women with MS who breastfed under IFN-β (n = 39), GA (n = 34), or both (n = 1). Women had been enrolled into the German Multiple Sclerosis and Pregnancy Registry during pregnancy. Data were obtained from standardized, telephone-administered questionnaires completed by the mother during pregnancy and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum and the infant's take-home medical record.ResultsThe median duration of exposed breastfeeding was 8.5 months (wide interquartile range: 4.9–12.7 months). Physical growth curves during the first year of life were consistent with national, sex-specific growth curves. Median body measurements were consistent with national medians. Most children (n = 71, 96%) had normal motor and language development. Gross motor delay was reported in 3 children, of whom 1 remained delayed at last follow-up (3.9 years old) and 2 were normal by 0.9 and 4.1 years old. The proportion of children hospitalized at least once (girls n = 2, 7%, and boys n = 6, 14%) and the proportion of children with at least one episode of systemic antibiotic use during the first year of life (girls n = 7, 23%, and boys n = 8, 18%) are consistent with national averages.ConclusionPotential breast milk exposure to IFN-β or GA did not increase the risk of common adverse infant outcomes in the first year of life. Taken together with the benefits of breastfeeding and low biological plausibility of risk, women with MS who wish to resume IFN-β or GA postpartum can be encouraged to breastfeed.

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The Pharmacokinetics of Ketamine in the Breast Milk of Lactating Women: Quantification of ketamine and metabolites

10.22541/au.161325028.80476344/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Philip Wolfson ◽

Rob Cole ◽

Kara Lynch ◽

Cassandra Yun ◽

Jason Wallach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽

Emotional Difficulties ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

Mother And Child ◽

Pharmacologic Treatments ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: There is no available data on the secretion and concentration of ketamine and its metabolites in breastmilk. There are statements in the literature made as to the safety of the use of ketamine in lactating women, though these are unsupported. This information is pertinent for the treatment of breastfeeding women who may have depression, PTSD, postpartum depression, and other emotional difficulties and would benefit from ketamine treatment. The objective of this study was to measure the presence and concentration of ketamine in breastmilk and three of its metabolites. We have provided a longitudinal pharmacokinetic analysis of the presence of ketamine and several of its major metabolites (norketamne, dehydronorketamine and hydronorketamine) in 4 women receiving 2 different intramuscular doses of ketamine—0.5mg/kg and 1.0mg/kg. Our results demonstrate the insignificance of ketamine’s presence In breast milk after a 12-hour period of suspension. Given ketamine’s proven record of effectiveness for the treatment of depression, and its intermittent use for this purpose, our data support the safety of its administration for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD)and other emotional disorders during a woman’s chosen period to provide breast milk to her child without significant interruption or exposure. This provides the necessary data for the study of ketamine assisted psychotherapy as a potential treatment of postpartum emotional disorders without the loss of the relationship between mother and child which breast feeding so vitally provides. We review conventional pharmacologic treatments involved in the treatment of PPD.

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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU DAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF

JURNAL KESEHATAN MERCUSUAR ◽

10.36984/jkm.v2i1.23 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Eka Putri Primasari

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Statistical Test ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low Rate

Abstract: Breast milk is the best food for babies, especially in the first month of life. Breast milk contains all nutrients to build and provide the energy needed by the baby. The low rate of breastfeeding is a threat to child development. Several factors related to the success of exclusive breastfeeding are the level of knowledge of the mother and husband's support. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers and husband's support towards the success of exclusive breastfeeding in Lubuk Kilangan Puskesmas in 2017. This study was analytical with a cross sectional design. The population in this study amounted to 153 respondents. A sample of 31 respondents obtained by simple ramdom sampling. Data were analyzed bivariate. The statistical test results obtained p-value = 0,000. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the knowledge of mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and husband's support for the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

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