scholarly journals Diagnosis and Management of Type I and Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanari Gotoda ◽  
Koji Shirai ◽  
Takao Ohta ◽  
Junji Kobayashi ◽  
Shinji Yokoyama ◽  
...  
PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-525
Author(s):  
Peter O. Kwiterovich ◽  
J. Ramsay Farah ◽  
W. Virgil Brown ◽  
Paul S. Bachorik ◽  
Stephen B. Baylin ◽  
...  

Primary type V hyperlipoproteinemia was identified in two preadolescent children. The propositus (kindred N) was a 10-year-old girl with severely creamy plasma, lipemia retinalis, hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride level, 6,800 mg/100 ml), and hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol level, 490 mg/100 ml). Her parents and an 8-year-old sister all had endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (type IV hyperlipoproteinemia). In kindred A, an 11-year-old boy had triglyceride levels as high as 1,100 mg/100 ml and recurrent abdominal pain. His father had type V hyperlipoproteinemia; his mother was normal. All three of his older teenage siblings had type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. The enzymatic activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTL), and histaminase (H) were studied in postheparin plasma. The LPL level was low in the children and both parents in kindred N. LPL level in kindred A was normal, except for one child with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. HTL level was normal to above normal in both kindreds. Most patients had a normal H level, but one parent (kindred N) had no preheparin H and very low levels of postheparin H. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.58, significant at < 1% level) between the release of LPL and H but not between HTL and H (r = 0.22). The mean (± 1 S.D.) levels of the enzymes were as follows: LPL, 2.8 ± 0.7 µmol/ml/hr in kindred N and 5.4 ± 2.2 µmol/ml/hr in kindred A; H, 13.4 ± 6.8 units/ml in kindred N and 22.0 ± 11.9 units/ml in kindred A; and HTL, 18.0 ± 7.1 µmol/ml/hr in kindred N and 14.9 ± 6.3 µmol/ml/hr in kindred A. The enzymatic activities of kindreds N and A were significantly different for LPL (P < .001) and H (.025 < P < .05) but not for HTL. All but one child had at least one high insulin level, which was accompanied by hyperglycemia in two children. The hypertriglyceridemia in all but one child was ameliorated on therapeutic diets. These data suggest that the genetic basis of the hypertriglyceridemia in these two families is different and that hyperchylomicronemia in childhood is not confined to the rare type I hyperlipoproteinemia.


Author(s):  
W. Jurecka ◽  
W. Gebhart ◽  
H. Lassmann

Diagnosis of metabolic storage disease can be established by the determination of enzymes or storage material in blood, urine, or several tissues or by clinical parameters. Identification of the accumulated storage products is possible by biochemical analysis of isolated material, by histochemical demonstration in sections, or by ultrastructural demonstration of typical inclusion bodies. In order to determine the significance of such inclusions in human skin biopsies several types of metabolic storage disease were investigated. The following results were obtained.In MPS type I (Pfaundler-Hurler-Syndrome), type II (Hunter-Syndrome), and type V (Ullrich-Scheie-Syndrome) mainly “empty” vacuoles were found in skin fibroblasts, in Schwann cells, keratinocytes and macrophages (Dorfmann and Matalon 1972). In addition, prominent vacuolisation was found in eccrine sweat glands. The storage material could be preserved in part by fixation with cetylpyridiniumchloride and was also present within fibroblasts grown in tissue culture.


Author(s):  
Arthur J. Wasserman ◽  
Kathy C. Kloos ◽  
David E. Birk

Type I collagen is the predominant collagen in the cornea with type V collagen being a quantitatively minor component. However, the content of type V collagen (10-20%) in the cornea is high when compared to other tissues containing predominantly type I collagen. The corneal stroma has a homogeneous distribution of these two collagens, however, immunochemical localization of type V collagen requires the disruption of type I collagen structure. This indicates that these collagens may be arranged as heterpolymeric fibrils. This arrangement may be responsible for the control of fibril diameter necessary for corneal transparency. The purpose of this work is to study the in vitro assembly of collagen type V and to determine whether the interactions of these collagens influence fibril morphology.


Author(s):  
А.Р. Зарипова ◽  
Л.Р. Нургалиева ◽  
А.В. Тюрин ◽  
И.Р. Минниахметов ◽  
Р.И. Хусаинова

Проведено исследование гена интерферон индуцированного трансмембранного белка 5 (IFITM5) у 99 пациентов с несовершенным остеогенезом (НО) из 86 неродственных семей. НО - клинически и генетически гетерогенное наследственное заболевание соединительной ткани, основное клиническое проявление которого - множественные переломы, начиная с неонатального периода жизни, зачастую приводящие к инвалидизации с детского возраста. К основным клиническим признакам НО относятся голубые склеры, потеря слуха, аномалия дентина, повышенная ломкость костей, нарушения роста и осанки с развитием характерных инвалидизирующих деформаций костей и сопутствующих проблем, включающих дыхательные, неврологические, сердечные, почечные нарушения. НО встречается как у мужчин, так и у женщин. До сих пор не определена степень генетической гетерогенности заболевания. На сегодняшний день известно 20 генов, вовлеченных в патогенез НО, и исследователи разных стран продолжают искать новые гены. В последнее десятилетие стало известно, что аутосомно-рецессивные, аутосомно-доминантные и Х-сцепленные мутации в широком спектре генов, кодирующих белки, которые участвуют в синтезе коллагена I типа, его процессинге, секреции и посттрансляционной модификации, а также в белках, которые регулируют дифференцировку и активность костеобразующих клеток, вызывают НО. Мутации в гене IFITM5, также называемом BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), участвующем в формировании остеобластов, приводят к развитию НО типа V. До 5% пациентов имеют НО типа V, который характеризуется образованием гиперпластического каллуса после переломов, кальцификацией межкостной мембраны предплечья и сетчатым рисунком ламелирования, наблюдаемого при гистологическом исследовании кости. В 2012 г. гетерозиготная мутация (c.-14C> T) в 5’-нетранслируемой области (UTR) гена IFITM5 была идентифицирована как основная причина НО V типа. В представленной работе проведен анализ гена IFITM5 и идентифицирована мутация c.-14C>T, возникшая de novo, у одного пациента с НО, которому впоследствии был установлен V тип заболевания. Также выявлены три известных полиморфных варианта: rs57285449; c.80G>C (p.Gly27Ala) и rs2293745; c.187-45C>T и rs755971385 c.279G>A (p.Thr93=) и один ранее не описанный вариант: c.128G>A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC>AAC (S/D), которые не являются патогенными. В статье уделяется внимание особенностям клинических проявлений НО V типа и рекомендуется определение мутации c.-14C>T в гене IFITM5 при подозрении на данную форму заболевания. A study was made of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 gene (IFITM5) in 99 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from 86 unrelated families and a search for pathogenic gene variants involved in the formation of the disease phenotype. OI is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease of the connective tissue, the main clinical manifestation of which is multiple fractures, starting from the natal period of life, often leading to disability from childhood. The main clinical signs of OI include blue sclera, hearing loss, anomaly of dentin, increased fragility of bones, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, and renal disorders. OI occurs in both men and women. The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined. To date, 20 genes are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of OI, and researchers from different countries continue to search for new genes. In the last decade, it has become known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes encoding proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells cause OI. Mutations in the IFITM5 gene, also called BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), involved in the formation of osteoblasts, lead to the development of OI type V. Up to 5% of patients have OI type V, which is characterized by the formation of a hyperplastic callus after fractures, calcification of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, and a mesh lamellar pattern observed during histological examination of the bone. In 2012, a heterozygous mutation (c.-14C> T) in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of the IFITM5 gene was identified as the main cause of OI type V. In the present work, the IFITM5 gene was analyzed and the de novo c.-14C> T mutation was identified in one patient with OI who was subsequently diagnosed with type V of the disease. Three known polymorphic variants were also identified: rs57285449; c.80G> C (p.Gly27Ala) and rs2293745; c.187-45C> T and rs755971385 c.279G> A (p.Thr93 =) and one previously undescribed variant: c.128G> A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC> AAC (S / D), which were not pathogenic. The article focuses on the features of the clinical manifestations of OI type V, and it is recommended to determine the c.-14C> T mutation in the IFITM5 gene if this form of the disease is suspected.


1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Davis ◽  
Ramnarayan Ramachandran ◽  
Bradford J. May

Single units in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of unanesthetized decerebrate cats can be grouped into three distinct types (V, I, and O) according to the patterns of excitation and inhibition revealed in contralateral frequency response maps. This study extends the description of these response types by assessing their ipsilateral and binaural response map properties. Here the nature of ipsilateral inputs is evaluated directly using frequency response maps and compared with results obtained from methods that rely on sensitivity to interaural level differences (ILDs). In general, there is a one-to-one correspondence between observed ipsilateral input characteristics and those inferred from ILD manipulations. Type V units receive ipsilateral excitation and show binaural facilitation (EE properties); type I and type O units receive ipsilateral inhibition and show binaural excitatory/inhibitory (EI) interactions. Analyses of binaural frequency response maps show that these ILD effects extend over the entire receptive field of ICC units. Thus the range of frequencies that elicits excitation from type V units is expanded with increasing levels of ipsilateral stimulation, whereas the excitatory bandwidth of type I and O units decreases under the same binaural conditions. For the majority of ICC units, application of bicuculline, an antagonist for GABAA-mediated inhibition, does not alter the basic effects of binaural stimulation; rather, it primarily increases spontaneous and maximum discharge rates. These results support our previous interpretations of the putative dominant inputs to ICC response types and have important implications for midbrain processing of competing free-field sounds that reach the listener with different directional signatures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee

Abstract Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.


1991 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kern ◽  
M Menasche ◽  
L Robert

The biosynthesis of type I, type V and type VI collagens was studied by incubation of calf corneas in vitro with [3H]proline as a marker. Pepsin-solubilized collagen types were isolated by salt fractionation and quantified by SDS/PAGE. Expressed as proportions of the total hydroxyproline solubilized, corneal stroma comprised 75% type I, 8% type V and 17% type VI collagen. The rates of [3H]proline incorporation, linear up to 24 h for each collagen type, were highest for type VI collagen and lowest for type I collagen. From pulse-chase experiments, the calculated apparent half-lives for types I, V and VI collagens were 36 h, 10 h and 6 h respectively.


2005 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 034505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Mejía ◽  
Josep C. Pàmies ◽  
Daniel Duque ◽  
Hugo Segura ◽  
Lourdes F. Vega
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document