Acaricidal Activity of Mongolian Plants Against Dermacentor nuttalli

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Banzragchgarav O ◽  
Battur B ◽  
Battsetseg B ◽  
Myagmarsuren P ◽  
Murata T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Ephedra Sinica ◽  
Start Line ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
First Time

Dermacentor nuttalli is the most commonly distributed tick species in Mongolia, and responsible for huge economic losses related to tick-borne diseases in livestock industry. Many rural herders have used plants to control tick which is noted in few documents, mostly transferred orally through generations. The aim of the present study was to determine acaricidal activity of Mongolian plants against D. nuttalli. We checked acaricidal activity of 113 crude extracts of 76 plant species included in 26 families. Among them Amaranthus retroflexus root (40%), Ephedra sinica leaf (40%), Erigeron acer root (40%), Ranunculus japonicus root (42%), and Spiraea salicifolia leaf (43.5%) showed potential activity against D. nuttalli. Acaricidal activity of Mongolian plants were experimented in vitro condition in first time. Furthermore, the study will continue isolation and identification active ingredients of potential candidates.  We hope this study will be start line of acaricidal activity research in our country. Монгол орны ургамлын Акарицид (хачиг үхүүлэх) идэвхийн судалгаа Монгол орны бүх бүс нутагт Dermacentor nuttalli зүйл хачиг өргөн тархсан төдийгүй мал аж ахуйд хамгийн их хор хөнөөл учруулдаг. Малчид хачиг, шавжтай тэмцэхэд зарим ургамлыг ханд, цацлага, утлага хэлбэрээр хэрэглэж ирсэн уламжлалтай ч түүний шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэй эсэхийг тогтоох судалгаа төдийлөн хийгдээгүй байна. Бид энэ удаа D. nuttalli хачиг дээр турших цуврал судалгааны ажлыг эхлүүлэх зорилго тавин ажиллав. Нийт 26 овогт хамаарагдах 76 зүйл ургамлын 113 дээж дээр акарицид идэвхийг шалгахад, тэдгээрээс Урвуу гагадайн (Amaranthus retroflexus) үндэс, Нангиад зээргэний (Ephedra sinica) навч, Хахуун цийлэгийн (Erigeron acer) үндэс тус бүр 40%, Япон холтсон цэцгийн (Ranunculus japonicus) үндэс 42%, Бургас навчит тавилганы (Spiraea salicifolia) навч 43.5% буюу бусад ургамлаас илүү идэвх үзүүлж байв. Энэхүү судалгаагаар анх удаа Монгол орны хачиг дээр in vitro орчинд туршин сорих арга зүйг нэвтрүүллээ. Энэ нь цаашид ургамлаас хачгийн эсрэг үйлдэлтэй бодис, нэгдэлийг хайж илрүүлэх, цуврал суурь судалгааны ажлын эхлэл болж өгч байгаагаараа чухал ач холбогдолтой юм. Түлхүүр үг: акарицид (хачиг үхүүлэх) идэвх, хачиг, Dermacentor nuttalli, ургамал                

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from the Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue of Sheep and Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sunaina Thakur ◽  
Subhash Verma ◽  
Prasenjit Dhar ◽  
Mandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Respiratory infections of sheep and goats cause heavy morbidity and mortality, leading to huge economic losses. Conventional methods of diagnosis that include isolation and identification of incriminating microbes are time-consuming and fraught with logistic challenges. Direct detection of incriminating microbes using molecular tools is gaining popularity in clinical, microbiological settings. In this study, a total of 50 samples (44 nasal swabs and 6 lung tissues) from sheep and goats were screened for the detection of different bacterial species by in vitro amplification of genus or species-specific genes. Histophilus somni was detected in 2% goat samples, Trueperella pyogenes in 20% goat nasal swabs, whereas 22% goat nasal swab samples were found positive for Mycoplasma spp. None of the samples from sheep was detected positive for H. somni, T. pyogenes, Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, all samples, irrespective, whether from sheep or goats, showed negative results for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

scholarly journals Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Kamel Arraki ◽  
Perle Totoson ◽  
Alain Decendit ◽  
Andy Zedet ◽  
Justine Maroilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
First Time

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C.thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

scholarly journals Dihydroisocoumarins, Naphthalenes, and Further Polyketides from Aloe vera and A. plicatilis: Isolation, Identification and Their 5-LOX/COX-1 Inhibiting Potency

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4223
Author(s):  
Hans Wilhelm Rauwald ◽  
Ralf Maucher ◽  
Gerd Dannhardt ◽  
Kenny Kuchta
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacological Screening ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cox 1

The present study aims at the isolation and identification of diverse phenolic polyketides from Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. and Aloe plicatilis (L.) Miller and includes their 5-LOX/COX-1 inhibiting potency. After initial Sephadex-LH20 gel filtration and combined silica gel 60- and RP18-CC, three dihydroisocoumarins (nonaketides), four 5-methyl-8-C-glucosylchromones (heptaketides) from A. vera, and two hexaketide-naphthalenes from A. plicatilis have been isolated by means of HSCCC. The structures of all polyketides were elucidated by ESI-MS and 2D 1H/13C-NMR (HMQC, HMBC) techniques. The analytical/preparative separation of 3R-feralolide, 3′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl- and the new 6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3R-feralolide into their respective positional isomers are described here for the first time, including the assignment of the 3R-configuration in all feralolides by comparative CD spectroscopy. The chromones 7-O-methyl-aloesin and 7-O-methyl-aloeresin A were isolated for the first time from A. vera, together with the previously described aloesin (syn. aloeresin B) and aloeresin D. Furthermore, the new 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl- 3,6R-dihydroxy-8R-methylnaphtalene was isolated from A. plicatilis, together with the known plicataloside. Subsequently, biological-pharmacological screening was performed to identify Aloe polyketides with anti-inflammatory potential in vitro. In addition to the above constituents, the anthranoids (octaketides) aloe emodin, aloin, 6′-(E)-p-coumaroyl-aloin A and B, and 6′-(E)-p-coumaroyl-7-hydroxy-8-O-methyl-aloin A and B were tested. In the COX-1 examination, only feralolide (10 µM) inhibited the formation of MDA by 24%, whereas the other polyketides did not display any inhibition at all. In the 5-LOX-test, all aloin-type anthranoids (10 µM) inhibited the formation of LTB4 by about 25–41%. Aloesin also displayed 10% inhibition at 10 µM in this in vitro setup, while the other chromones and naphthalenes did not display any activity. The present study, therefore, demonstrates the importance of low molecular phenolic polyketides for the known overall anti-inflammatory activity of Aloe vera preparations.

Isolation and Identification of Tyrosinase Inhibitors from marine algae Enteromorpha sp

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Supriya Tilvi ◽  
Michelle S. Fernandes ◽  
Sarvesh S. Harmalkar ◽  
Santosh G. Tilve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ergosterol Peroxide ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
First Time ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

: The extract of marine green algae Enteromorpha sp. was evaluated in vitro for inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The principle active agents i.e. coumarin; 4-hydroxycoumarin (1) and two sterols; ergosta-5,7,22- trien-3β-ol (2) & ergosterol peroxide (3) were isolated for the first time, from a crude methanol extract of Enteromorpha sp. showing anti-tyrosinase activity. Their structures were elucidated by IR, extensive NMR spectroscopy, LC-ESI-MS, Single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Thus, Enteromorpha sp. can be an alternative edible anti-tyrosinase agent.

scholarly journals Singapore Grouper Iridovirus Disturbed Glycerophospholipids Homeostasis: Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Was Essential for Virus Replication

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12597
Author(s):  
Na Ni ◽  
Jiaying Zheng ◽  
Wenji Wang ◽  
Linyong Zhi ◽  
Qiwei Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
First Time

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), belonging to genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae, causes great economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Previous studies demonstrated the lipid composition of intracellular unenveloped viruses, but the changes in host-cell glyceophospholipids components and the roles of key enzymes during SGIV infection still remain largely unknown. Here, the whole cell lipidomic profiling during SGIV infection was analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The lipidomic data showed that glycerophospholipids (GPs), including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), glycerophosphoinositols (PI) and fatty acids (FAs) were significantly elevated in SGIV-infected cells, indicating that SGIV infection disturbed GPs homeostasis, and then affected the metabolism of FAs, especially arachidonic acid (AA). The roles of key enzymes, such as cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX) in SGIV infection were further investigated using the corresponding specific inhibitors. The inhibition of cPLA2 by AACOCF3 decreased SGIV replication, suggesting that cPLA2 might play important roles in the process of SGIV infection. Consistent with this result, the ectopic expression of EccPLA2α or knockdown significantly enhanced or suppressed viral replication in vitro, respectively. In addition, the inhibition of both 5-LOX and COX significantly suppressed SGIV replication, indicating that AA metabolism was essential for SGIV infection. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time that SGIV infection in vitro disturbed GPs homeostasis and cPLA2 exerted crucial roles in SGIV replication.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Millettia ferruginea (Hochst) Baker against the Larvae and Adult Ticks of Boophilus decoloratus a One-Host Tick in Cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Manash Kumar Choudhury ◽  
Yoseph Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Female Tick ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Millettia Ferruginea ◽  
First Time

<p>The present article reports the <em>in vitro </em>toxicity of the seed of <em>Millettia ferruginea</em> (Berbera) for the first time against the larvae and mature ticks of <em>Boophilus decoloratus.</em> The 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentrations of the seed oil were found to kill all (100% mortality) larvae after 16hr, 12hr, 8hr, 6hr and 2hr respectively. The 100% concentration of the petroleum extract (oil) of the seed caused 100% mortality of adult male, adult female and fully engorged female tick after 5hr, 7hr and 12hr respectively. The root and root bark showed less toxicity while leaves did not show any activity. Among petroleum ether, acetone and methanol, the acetone extract showed highest acaricidal activity.   <em></em></p>

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis clinical isolates recovered from bison (Bison bison)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suleman ◽  
Tracy Prysliak ◽  
Claire Windeyer ◽  
Jose Perez-Casal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Laboratory Reference ◽  
First Time

Mycoplasma bovis is a pathogen globally affecting cattle and bison herds, causing pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis, abortions, and other symptoms, leading to huge economic losses. Many studies have been done regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis isolated from cattle, but no such study is available for isolates recovered from bison. For the first time, in vitro susceptibilities of 40 M. bovis clinical isolates collected from bison herds in Canada are reported here. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using Sensititre® plates. The most effective MIC50 and MIC90 were for spectinomycin (1 and >64 μg/mL), tiamulin (1 and >32 μg/mL), and tulathromycin (16 and 64 μg/mL), whereas tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and florfenicol failed to inhibit growth of M. bovis bison isolates. Isolates were nonsusceptible to tetracyclines (100%), fluoroquinolones (97.5%), and tilmicosin (100%), whereas the highest susceptibility of bison clinical isolates was seen with spectinomycin (95%) and tulathromycin (67.5%). Two lung isolates (Mb283 and 348) were found resistant to both spectinomycin and tulathromycin. These results show a marked difference in antimicrobial susceptibility of bison isolates as compared with previously reported and laboratory reference cattle isolates, emphasizing the necessity of testing antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis bison isolates and to generate better therapeutic regime for improved recovery chances for infected bison herds across North America.

scholarly journals Combined Protein and Alkaloid Research of Chelidonium majus Latex Reveals CmMLP1 Accompanied by Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Potential to Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11838
Author(s):  
Robert Nawrot ◽  
Alicja Warowicka ◽  
Piotr Józef Rudzki ◽  
Oskar Musidlak ◽  
Katarzyna Magdalena Dolata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
First Time

Chelidonium majus L. is a latex-bearing plant used in traditional folk medicine to treat human papillomavirus (HPV)-caused warts, papillae, and condylomas. Its latex and extracts are rich in many low-molecular compounds and proteins, but there is little or no information on their potential interaction. We describe the isolation and identification of a novel major latex protein (CmMLP1) composed of 147 amino acids and present a model of its structure containing a conserved hydrophobic cavity with high affinity to berberine, 8-hydroxycheleritrine, and dihydroberberine. CmMLP1 and the accompanying three alkaloids were present in the eluted chromatographic fractions of latex. They decreased in vitro viability of human cervical cancer cells (HPV-negative and HPV-positive). We combined, for the first time, research on macromolecular and low-molecular-weight compounds of latex-bearing plants in contrast to other studies that investigated proteins and alkaloids separately. The observed interaction between latex protein and alkaloids may influence our knowledge on plant defense. The proposed toolbox may help in further understanding of plant disease resistance and in pharmacological research.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

Vibrio harveyi virulence gene expression in vitro and in vivo during infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S Peeralil ◽  
TC Joseph ◽  
V Murugadas ◽  
PG Akhilnath ◽  
VN Sreejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression

Luminescent Vibrio harveyi is common in sea and estuarine waters. It produces several virulence factors and negatively affects larval penaeid shrimp in hatcheries, resulting in severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. Although V. harveyi is an important pathogen of shrimp, its pathogenicity mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. In the present study, isolates of V. harveyi were isolated and characterized from diseased Penaeus monodon postlarvae from hatcheries in Kerala, India, from September to December 2016. All 23 tested isolates were positive for lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, gelatinase and chitinase activity, and 3 of the isolates (MFB32, MFB71 and MFB68) showed potential for significant biofilm formation. Based on the presence of virulence genes, the isolates of V. harveyi were grouped into 6 genotypes, predominated by vhpA+ flaB+ ser+ vhh1- luxR+ vopD- vcrD+ vscN-. One isolate from each genotype was randomly selected for in vivo virulence experiments, and the LD50 ranged from 1.7 ± 0.5 × 103 to 4.1 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU ml-1. The expression of genes during the infection in postlarvae was high in 2 of the isolates (MFB12 and MFB32), consistent with the result of the challenge test. However, in MFB19, even though all genes tested were present, their expression level was very low and likely contributed to its lack of virulence. Because of the significant variation in gene expression, the presence of virulence genes alone cannot be used as a marker for pathogenicity of V. harveyi.

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