scholarly journals Invasive flora within urban railway areas: a case study from Lublin (Poland) and Lviv (Ukraine)

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Małgorzata Wrzesień ◽  
Zvenyslava Mamchur ◽  
Maria Chuba
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Species List ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Invasive Flora ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

Heterogeneous and disturbed habitats within railway areas create an ideal environment for establishment of invasive plant species. In this study, we compared the invasive species composition and abundance within railway areas of two cities, Lublin, SE Poland and Lviv, W Ukraine. In total, 70 invasive species were recorded. The invasive species list was similar for the two cities, with the most invasive species occurring at both (81.4%), 8.5% occurring only in Lublin and 10% only in Lviv. The proportion of invasive species in the total flora was almost 1.5-fold higher at Lviv compared to Lublin. Invasive species have originated mainly from continental America (45.7%), followed by Asia and Eurasia. The participation of invasive plants derived from Asia and Eurasia at Lviv is higher than at Lublin. The invasive flora includes a wide range of taxonomic groups, with a predominance of Asteraceae and Poaceae. The ecological attributes of invasive species on railway areas are: mainly annual therophytes, mostly wind- and insect pollination modes, a predominance of generative reproduction, anthropochorous and anemochorous dispersal and short-term persistent, long-term persistent or transient seed banks.

Factors responsible for the distribution of invasive plant species in the surroundings of railway areas. A case study from SE Poland

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wrzesień ◽  
Bożena Denisow
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Invasive Flora ◽  
Geographical Regions

AbstractInvasive plant species are a growing concern in global biodiversity management. In this study, we tried to determine whether invasive plants could spread from railway track into the surrounding areas and focused on the factors responsible for the invasive plant species composition, richness, and abundance. We sampled invasive species along transects located outside a railway route and recorded the invasive species richness and abundance at a distance of < 5 (control), 5–10, 10–15, and > 15 m away from the railway edge in three geographical regions in SE Poland. We revealed that the mechanism allowing alien species to invade was complex. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) explained 30.9% of variance. On a regional scale, the invasive flora composition in the surroundings of railway habitats was determined by abiotic environment diversity (mean annual air temperature, mean annual precipitation), but not habitat-related factors (soil type, soil properties). On a spatial scale, the traffic volume, the distance from the railway area, the distance from build-up areas, and the interaction of these factors affect the invasive species composition away from railway areas. The invasive species spread from railways to the surrounding vegetation, therefore, regular monitoring of railway areas should be a framework for assessing the risk of invasive species.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitoring Reveals Differential Responses of Mussel and Host Fish Communities in a Biodiversity Hotspot

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Irene Sanchez Gonzalez ◽  
Garrett W. Hopper ◽  
Jamie Bucholz ◽  
Carla L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Life History ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Host Fish ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Term Monitoring

Biodiversity hotspots can serve as protected areas that aid in species conservation. Long-term monitoring of multiple taxonomic groups within biodiversity hotspots can offer insight into factors influencing their dynamics. Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and fish are highly diverse and imperiled groups of organisms with contrasting life histories that should influence their response to ecological factors associated with local and global change. Here we use historical and contemporary fish and mussel survey data to assess fish and mussel community changes over a 33 year period (1986–2019) and relationships between mussel abundance and their host fish abundance in Bogue Chitto Creek, a tributary of the Alabama River and a biodiversity hotspot. Mussel abundance declined by ~80% and community composition shifted, with eight species previously recorded not found in 2019, and a single individual of the endangered Pleurobema decisum. Fish abundances increased and life history strategies in the community appeared stable and there was no apparent relationship between mussel declines and abundance of host fish. Temporal variation in the proportion of life history traits composing mussel assemblages was also indicative of the disturbances specifically affecting the mussel community. However, changes and declines in mussel assemblages in Bogue Chitto Creek cannot be firmly attributed to any specific factor or events because of gaps in historical environmental and biological data. We believe that mobility differences contributed to differential responses of fish and mussel communities to stressors including habitat degradation, recent droughts and invasive species. Overall, our work indicates that monitoring biodiversity hotspots using hydrological measurements, standardized survey methods and monitoring invasive species abundance would better identify the effects of multiple and interactive stressors that impact disparate taxonomic groups in freshwater ecosystems.

Climate drives differences in the germination niche of a globally distributed invasive grass

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Fletcher ◽  
Kayla M Varnon ◽  
Jacob N Barney
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Climate Gradients ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Aims Exotic invasive species are often exposed to strong selection pressures in their new ranges that can often lead to substantial intraspecific variation. Population differentiation in the timing of life history events in response to climate gradients is thought to be an important mechanism facilitating the range expansion of many invasive species. For seed producing plants, the timing of seed germination determines the first environmental conditions experienced by newly emerged germinates, and can have important implications for the successful colonization, establishment and spread of invasive plants—though the role of germination in the success of invasive plants remains poorly understood. Methods We assessed the variation in seed germination dynamics among 10 populations of the invasive plant Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) across its North American distribution, capturing both a temperature and precipitation gradient, and whether that variation is associated with home climate. Seeds were exposed to a wide range of temperatures (11–48°C) and two water availability treatments. Important Findings We found that Johnsongrass seeds germinated across a wide range of temperatures, but there was substantial variation among populations in the proportion of seeds that germinated in response to both temperature and water availability. Evidence indicates that as Johnsongrass expanded its range from warmer climates into cooler climates, there was a concurrent shift in the germination temperature niche to cooler temperatures. Our results suggest that the germination of Johnsongrass seeds has adapted to home climate allowing this invader to maximize germination throughout its range, and that this may be an important contributing factor to its invasion into new environments.

scholarly journals Problem-analytical database of Invasive species: structure, functions and perspectives of application

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
A. Malynovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Wide Range

Alongside global climatic and anthropogenic changes of the second half of the XX century, problems of expanding habitats and the negative impact of invasive species on natural ecosystems have become more acute. Biological invasions are caused by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors: invasions associated with outbreaks of the population and the expansion of the habitat; introduction for practical purposes and cultivation in botanical gardens, nurseries; accidental spreading by transport network, by import of agricultural products, etc. Strategies for mitigating the effects of invasive species on the environment consist of objective assessments and reliable forecasts based on various potential scenarios of climate change and extent of environmental degradation. The database "Invasive species" was developed as the main component of the regional monitoring network of the resettlement control of invasive and potentially invasive plant species. It is based on the accumulation, generalization and multivariate analysis data analysis and the possibility of predicting further invasions under different scenarios of environmental changes. The obtained results will be the basis for the development of a new integrated technology for risks assessment of invasion and the widest usage of effective methods of biocontrol in agriculture and forestry, health care and biodiversity conservation, monitoring of the invasive process, forecasting environmental situations, organizing measures to control invasive species and, ultimately, to ensure environmental and economic security. Information product in the form of a database provides access to the network resource and technologies is a subject of interest to a number of ministries and departments, a wide range of state and commercial structures working in various fields, and also serve as a social advertisement for improving environmental education.

scholarly journals Removal methods for invasive species Amorpha fruticosa – example of Odransko polje

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Goran Lončar ◽  
Vladimir Hršak ◽  
Maja Kerovec ◽  
Stjepan Dekanić ◽  
Domagoj Vranješ
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Amorpha Fruticosa ◽  
Wide Range

Amorpha fruticosa is an invasive plant species that occurs in wide range of habitat types, including lowland floodplains. It grows very dense and changes the composition of communities by suppressing indigenous species, resulting in significantly reduced variety of flora in the area. In Odransko polje Amorpha fruticosa is widely spread. One of the tasks of Appropriate assessment of project "Flood protection system of Sisak area" was to determine the locations where material for embankment construction should be taken. The locations should be acceptable both from the aspect of nature protection and from the economic point of view (proximity to embankment due to lowering material transport costs, locations which are not private property, etc.). The locations where A. fruticosa is dominant plant were suggested for excavation. This paper will give overview of removal and disposal methods for this invasive species, which reduce the possibility of its spreading and re-appearing. Also, positive impacts of using proposed locations for material excavation will be shown – decrease in A. fruticosa abundance, increase of habitat diversity, increase in the presence of target habitats and target species habitats etc. Additionally, good practices for selection of excavation sites will be given, including guidelines for their sanation and landscape design.

scholarly journals The Role of Abiotic Soil Parameters as a Factor in the Success of Invasive Plant Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieger Wamelink ◽  
H.F. Van Dobben ◽  
P. W. Goedhart ◽  
L.M. Jones-Walters
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Wide Range

Plant species dispersal has been strongly enhanced by human activities. Introduced species have to cope with indigenous species and local conditions. They may avoid indigenous species by occupying new (abiotic) territory. Once a species is established it may become a pest, and may seriously threaten other species and ecosystems.In this paper we focus on invasive plant species of the Dutch flora. We make two comparisons: (1) Dutch neophytes (i.e. arrived in The Netherlands after 1825) vs. indigenous Dutch flora; and (2) species of the Dutch flora that have become invasive outside Europe vs. non-invasive species of the Dutch flora. We hypothesize that at least part of the success of the invasive or neophyte species is due to their ability to grow under a wider range of abiotic soil circumstances than other species. We regard an invasive species as successful if it is able to disperse from the introduction site(s) and remain present in the invaded vegetation.For ten out of the sixteen abiotic factors there is a wider range for the neophytes: chlorine, potassium, mean highest and lowest groundwater level, phosphorus (and total content) and pH H2O.We hypothesized that part of the success of invasive species may be the adaptation to a variety of abiotic soil parameters. This is indeed the case for a number of the examined parameters, mostly related to nutrient availability and soil pH. This indicates that the success of invasive species is at least partly caused by their ability to grow under a wide range of nutrient availability and soil pH. Their success may therefore be stimulated by the increasing pollution of natural areas by excessive nitrogen.

Modern prevention and active longevity programs on the basis of disruptive domestic technologies: positive experience and prospects for application

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
A. Simonova ◽  
S. Chudakov ◽  
R. Gorenkov ◽  
V. Egorov ◽  
A. Gostry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrated Program ◽  
Long Term Experience ◽  
Early Detection And Prevention

The article summarizes the long-term experience of practical application of domestic breakthrough technologies of preventive personalized medicine for laboratory diagnostics of a wide range of socially significant non-infectious diseases. Conceptual approaches to the formation of an integrated program for early detection and prevention of civilization diseases based on these technologies are given. A vision of the prospects for the development of this area in domestic and foreign medicine has been formed.

To the 70th anniversary of World Meteorological Organization. Scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of the USSR/Russia in the Programs of World Meteorological Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
S.V. Borshch ◽  
◽  
R.M. Vil’fand ◽  
D.B. Kiktev ◽  
V.M. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Wide Range

The paper presents the summary and results of long-term and multi-faceted experience of international scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in the field of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring within the framework of WMO programs, which indicates its high efficiency in performing a wide range of works at a high scientific and technical level. Keywords: World Meteorological Organization, major WMO programs, representatives of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in WMO

Research on the Economic Organization Environmental Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-601
Author(s):  
Dan Paul Stefanescu ◽  
Oana Roxana Chivu ◽  
Claudiu Babis ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Alina Gligor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects

Any economic activity carried out by an organization, can generate a wide range of environmental implications. Particularly important, must be considered the activities that have a significant negative effect on the environment, meaning those which pollute. Being known the harmful effects of pollution on the human health, the paper presents two models of utmost importance, one of the material environment-economy interactions balance and the other of the material flows between environmental factors and socio-economic activities. The study of these models enable specific conditions that must be satisfied for the economic processes friendly coexist to the environment for long term, meaning to have a minimal impact in that the residues resulting from the economic activity of the organization to be as less harmful to the environment.

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