scholarly journals Changes of segetal vegetation of the Piotrków Plain during the last 22 years. Part 1. Communities of weeds of winter cereal cultures

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
A. Urszula Warcholińska
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The State ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Segetal Communities

This paper presents the results of research in segetal communities of winter cereal cultures of the Piotrków Plain (Figure 1) which took place during the period between 1971 and 1972 and between 1992 and 1993. On the basis of 205 phytosociological records, taken in 103 localities in the years of 1971 and 1972 (Figure 2), 6 associations were distinguished (Tables I-IX): <i>Spergulo-Veronicetum dillenii, Arnoserido-Scleranthetum, Papaveretum argemones, Vicietum tetraspemae, Aphano-Matricarietum, Caucalido-Scandicetum</i>. According to the repeated listing carried out in the years 1992 and 1993 the changes of the communities of the mentioned items were disclosed. The comparison of the present state of the weed communities of the winter cereal cultures on the researched area with the state of 22 years ago allowed to note that the changes in the analyzed agrophytocoenoses are caused by progressive anthropopressure.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Segetal Weed Communities when Chlorsulfuron-Based Weed Control is Being Used on Continuous Winter Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Pawlonka ◽  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Krzysztof Starczewski ◽  
Antoni Bombik
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Segetal Communities

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between herbicide rate and weed community biodiversity in continuous wheat. A six-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of four chlorsulfuron rates in comparison with untreated (the control) plots, on the status and severity of weed infestation - in successive study years of cultivating winter wheat in monoculture. In addition, the following indices were calculated: Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s index of biodiversity, and Simpson’s index of domination. A total of 36 weedy species were identified in the experimental plots. The richest segetal communities were established in the control plots. An application of herbicide reduced the biodiversity of the agrophytocensosis. A short-term monoculture did not impoverish the species richness of the weed community established in winter wheat. The average number of species in the community was significantly greater in the second study year. In the initial study years of monoculture, the biodiversity of the segetal community increased markedly compared with rotation-based cultivation. The calculated indices of biodiversity were not significantly affected by herbicide rate or monoculture but the indices confirmed the trends outlined by an analysis of the status and level of weed infestation.

Border tricksters and the predatory state

Focaal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (54) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Cosmin Radu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Present State ◽  
The State ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Eu

This article analyzes actions of the Romanian state officials and the Romania-Serbia border region people during the embargoes imposed on Yugoslavia in the 1990s. It shows that the embargo-related contraband trade with its diverse layers and actors is an excellent window for studying state formations. Getting involved in both big contraband and the criminalization of smugglers, different state factions developed specific logics of privatization, transnationalization, and interstitial relations. These developments were connected to both the fantasies of accumulation in the context of embargo and Romanian European Union accession. The article also suggests how to understand continuities between the embargorelated and present state formations. Looking at the interplays among border posts, state officials, and the EU, it shows that the border posts are increasingly dislocated from the state and that they seem to become interstitial parts of a post-state field of power.

Dying and its Interpreters: A Review of Selected Literature and Some Comments on the State of the Field

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Corr ◽  
Kenneth J. Doka ◽  
Robert Kastenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Coping ◽  
State Of The Field

What have been the major theoretical approaches that have been useful in the study of dying to date? What theoretical approaches hold promise for the future? Selected literature on dying and coping with dying is reviewed in an effort to describe the present state of our knowledge in this field and to contribute to an overall theory of dying. Three central topics are 1) awareness of and communication about dying; 2) processes of illness; and 3) coping with dying. Reflections are offered on the kinds[s] of theory that might be desirable in this field, together with a number of lessons that can be drawn from the existing literature. A continued exploration of the ways that theoretical perspectives from psychology and sociology such as developmental theory, Symbolic lnteractionism, or Reconstructism can lead to greater understanding of the dying process.

Presidential Address Dictionaries and Dictionary Making: Malay and Indonesian

1978 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Echols
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Present State ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary

Fifteen years ago, or halfway to this year's thirtieth anniversary, in his presidential address to this association, Earl Pritchard began by saying: “In accordance with tradition, it now becomes my duty to perform a time-honored rite—to inflict on you the Presidential Address. I will try to do this as painlessly and as quickly as my own inadequacies will permit.… It is … customary, according to the unwritten rules governing the rituals of the present occasion, for the president to review in some way or other the state of the profession or of the discipline to which he belongs, or to present some general theory which interests him, or to discuss the direction that studies in the profession are taking or should take.…” Like Pritchard I have no inclination to depart sharply from this pattern, and I hope here merely to review briefly the past and present state of Malay and Indonesian lexicography. I have chosen this topic because it has been of great and abiding interest to me and because I have, in a modest way, tried to contribute to its furtherance.

scholarly journals FSM Encoding for BDD Representations

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilsin Gosti ◽  
Tiziano Villa ◽  
Alex Saldanha ◽  
Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Finite State Machine ◽  
Exact Algorithm ◽  
State Machine ◽  
The State ◽  
State Function ◽  
Output Function ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Minimum Number

FSM Encoding for BDD RepresentationsWe address the problem of encoding the state variables of a finite state machine such that the BDD representing the next state function and the output function has the minimum number of nodes. We present an exact algorithm to solve this problem when only the present state variables are encoded. We provide results on MCNC benchmark circuits.

scholarly journals Cultural Potential of the Social Structure of Russian Society: Definition of the Problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Arkadyi L. Marshak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Present State ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyses the present state of culture in Russia, its multilevel content. It shows the influence of different layers of society on the state and development of the present social structure. Based on perennial research data collected with participation of the author, sociocultural models of social relations and their influence on the cultural potential of the social structure are described. The article emphasizes the necessity of multilevel social research of the cultural potential of Russian society. The main directions of theoretical, methodological and empirical program of such research are formulated.

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLE OF THE FINAL SALVATION IN HINDU TANTRIC SOTERIOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-289
Author(s):  
S V Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The State ◽  
Sharp Line ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Infinite Variety

The specificity of tantric soteriology consists of a combination of three basic principles - unity, salvation, and bliss. This article explores the principle of salvation. Spiritual liberation implies the final overcoming of obstacles hindering the new worldview. Unlike the principle of unity, the principle of salvation focuses on difference, not on identity, drawing a sharp line between the desired state of liberation and the present state of dependence. The main obstacles to spiritual liberation are expressed in the well-known triad “avidyā - karma - saṃsāra”. The principle of salvation appears in Tantrism in two interrelated forms, the ascetic and śaktic ones. Both of them agree with each other in rejection of spiritual ignorance. Spiritual ignorance is the main “negative goal”; without deliverance from it there is no freedom. The state of ignorance is existential one and endowed with powerful protective “forces”. The principle of salvation implies the deliverance not only from everything that is usually considered negative (passions, sensual desires, suffering, etc.), but also of “positive” things (virtue). In the śaktic mode of the principle of salvation, it is assumed that an incorrect view of reality is eliminated by a correct view of it. Due to the fact that, according to the tantric adepts, the energies of the divine Śakti act in the world, the understanding of this fact leads the adept to stop perceiving himself as a dependent being even in the midst of an infinite variety of processes and events of the world. Life is then perceived as an unconditioned, spontaneous “divine play”, a stream of divine pleasure. Ascetic form can be reduced to an ontological interpretation of the principle of salvation, and śaktic form to a cognitive one.

scholarly journals The Concept of Justice In the System of the Confliction Through Contextualization of Surah al-Mā’ida 44-47 (Application of Abdullah Saeed’s Contextual Approach)

ULUMUNA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-203
Author(s):  
Nafisatul Mu'awwanah
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Constitutional System

This article aims to employ Abdullah Saeed’s contextual approach to explore the concept of justice in the system of the confliction based on the interpretation of surah al-Mā'ida: 44-47. Based on this approach, a contextualist must be able to find two meanings that arise from the interpreted verse, i.e. meaning for the first recipient (historical meaning) and meaning for the present context (contemporary meaning). For the first recipient of surah al-Mā'ida: 44-47, it is understood as a form of justice and equality of the Prophet in mediating the case of the dispute at that time, especially between the Naḍīr and the Qurayẓa tribe. When this verse is attributed to the form of the present state of the constitutional system, the contemporary meaning of this verse is that a state is capable of mediating fairly among its people in order to avoid the clash between rights and obligations. In this case, the form of the state, secular or non-secular, cannot be taken as a measure of the state system in accordance with this verse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document