The effect of herbicides on Chenopodium album L. phenology in fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean crops

The objective of the study was to determine the time of occurrence of the emergence, budding, fruiting and seed shedding stages, as well as the degree of advancement of the white goosefoot fruiting and diaspores shedding stages in fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean crops under mechanical and chemical weed control. Phenological observations were conducted in the years 2000-2002 at 10-day intervals, starting from the day of crop sowing on alluvial soil made of light loam. Chemically weed controlled objects were treated with herbicides: fodder beet - lenacil 80%; spring wheat - MCPA 30% + dicamba 4%; faba bean - linuron 50%. It was proven that the times of occurrence and the scale of the studied phenological stages of white goosefoot depended on the crop species, the in-crop weed control method and the pattern of weather conditions in the study years. White goosefoot had the most favourable conditions of growth in the fodder beet crop. The herbicides in the fodder beet and faba bean crops delayed the emergence and the time of occurrence of successive white goosefoot growth stages. These agents also decreased the degree of diaspores shedding by the weed species studied. The most white goosefoot specimens shed fruits on the mechanically weed controlled plots. The diaspores dissemination was promoted by a warm and moist growing season.

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Fruiting phenology of some weed species in sowing of chosen cultivar plants

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2006.087 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 335-344

Author(s):

Marian Wesołowski

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Alluvial Soil ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Fodder Beet ◽

Experimental Scheme ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Cultivated Plant

In the paper, the percentage shares of the phases of fruiting and diaspore shedding of some weed species during fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean harvest are presented. The results of the study were gathered in the years 2000-2003 on river alluvial soil made from light loam. The experimental scheme included mechanical and chemical control of the cultivated plants. On weed-free objects treated with herbicides, the following herbicides were used: fodder beet - Buracyl 80 WP (lenacyl 80%) in dose 1 kg.ha-1; spring wheat - Chwastox Turbo 340 SL (MCPA + dicamba) in dose 2l.ha-1; faba-bean - Afalon (linuron 50%) in dose 1,5 kg.ha-1. Phenological observations were carried out at 10-day intervals beginning from the day of sowing the cultivated plant. It was proven that weeds had the most favourable conditions of fruiting and seed shedding in fodder beet and faba bean. Fruiting and shedding of most weed species were limited by herbicides, as well as cold years. The following weed species: fodder beet without herbicides - Lamium amplexicaule, Chenopodium polyspermum, Anagallis arvensis i Echinochloa crus-galli; fodder beet with herbicides - Convolvulus arvensis, Lamium purpureum i Echinochloa crus-galli; spring wheat without herbicides - Capsella bursa-pastoris i Fallopia convolvulus; spring wheat with herbicides - Avena fatua; faba been without herbicides - Galium aparine, Anagallis arvensis i Convolvulus arvensis; faba been with herbicides - Galium aparine, shed diaspores in the greatest degree.

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Effective Weed Control in Maize

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:6419 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ileana BOGDAN ◽

Teodor RUSU ◽

Ştefania GADEA ◽

Ilarie IVAN ◽

Paula MORARU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Control Methods ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Optimal Network ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Weeds Control

The paper present the results of 26 variants of weed control in maize (grouped in 6 distinctly strategies) which were tested in 2010 agricultural year in a one factorial stationary experiment. Three of the strategies were based on post emergence weed control methods, two of them – on pre-emergent weed control method and one of them – based on both methods. The main goal was establishing an optimal network weeds control in maize crop. Maize weed in Luduş area increased, due to weed seeds reserve in the arable stratum and weather conditions, which allow weeds to grow alternatively, and because of the development of problem-causing species during the maize vegetation period, when no tilling is performed.

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History of Identification of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00035910 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 615-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Jodie S. Holt

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Triazine Herbicides ◽

Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽

Weed Species ◽

Crop Species ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

History Of ◽

Successful Transfer

At least 57 weed species, including both dicots and monocots, have been reported to have biotypes selected for resistance to the triazine herbicides. In addition, at least 47 species have been reported to have biotypes resistant to one or more of 14 other herbicides or herbicide families. These herbicides include the aryloxyphenoxypropionics, bipyridiliums, dinitroanilines, phenoxys, substituted areas, and sulfonylureas, with two or more resistant biotypes each, as well as several other herbicides in which resistance is less well documented. Although evolved resistance presents a serious problem for chemical weed control, it has also offered new potential for transferring herbicide resistance to crop species. Mechanisms of resistance that are due to single or a few genes have become the focus of biotechnology, as the probability of their successful transfer to crop species is high.

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Weed Control Efficacy and Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Tolerance to Early Season Mechanical Weeding

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00023800 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 531-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mark J. Vangessel ◽

Lori J. Wiles ◽

Edward E. Schweizer ◽

Phil Westra

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Weed Species ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Pinto Bean

An integrated approach to weed management in pinto bean is needed since available herbicides seldom adequately control all weed species present in a field. A two-year study was conducted to assess weed control efficacy and pinto bean tolerance to mechanical weeding from a rotary hoe or flex-tine harrow at crook, unifoliolate, and trifoliolate stages of bean development. Weed control was similar for both implements and all timings in 1993. In 1994, mechanical weeding at trifoliolate and both crook and trifoliolate stages controlled more weeds than at other growth stages, regardless of type of implement. Using the flex-tine harrow reduced pinto bean stand, but results based on growth stage were not consistent each year. Damage to pinto bean hypocotyls and stems was observed with the flex-tine harrow used at both crook and trifoliolate stages in 1994. Rotary hoeing did not reduce pinto bean stand or cause injury. Yield and seed weight did not differ among treatments in either year.

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Evaluation of sequential applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl and florpyrauxifen-benzyl in acetyl CoA carboxylase-resistant rice

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.114 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Tameka L. Sanders ◽

Jason A. Bond ◽

Benjamin H. Lawrence ◽

Bobby R. Golden ◽

Thomas W. Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Field Studies ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Weed Species ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Sequential Treatments ◽

Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase ◽

Grass Weed

Abstract Information on performance of sequential treatments of quizalofop-P-ethyl with florpyrauxifen-benzyl on rice is lacking. Field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Stoneville, MS, to evaluate sequential timings of quizalofop-P-ethyl with florpyrauxifen-benzyl included in preflood treatments of rice. Quizalofop-P-ethyl treatments were no quizalofop-P-ethyl; sequential applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl at 120 g ha−1 followed by (fb) 120 g ai ha−1 applied to rice in the 2- to 3-leaf (EPOST) fb the 4-leaf to 1-tiller (LPOST) growth stages or LPOST fb 10 d after flooding (PTFLD); quizalofop-P-ethyl at 100 g ha−1 fb 139 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST or LPOST fb PTFLD; quizalofop-P-ethyl at 139 g ha−1 fb 100 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST and LPOST fb PTFLD; and quizalofop-P-ethyl at 85 g ha−1 fb 77 g ha−1 fb 77 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST fb PTFLD. Quizalofop-P-ethyl was applied alone and in mixture with florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 29 g ai ha−1 LPOST. Visible rice injury 14 d after PTFLD (DA-PTFLD) was no more than 3%. Visible control of volunteer rice (‘CL151’ and ‘Rex’) 7 DA-PTFLD was similar and at least 95% for each quizalofop-P-ethyl treatment. Barnyardgrass control with quizalofop-P-ethyl at 120 fb 120 g ha−1 LPOST fb PTFLD was greater (88%) in mixture with florpyrauxifen-benzyl. The addition of florpyrauxifen-benzyl to quizalofop-P-ethyl increased rough rice yield when quizalofop-P-ethyl was applied at 100 g ha−1 fb 139 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST. Sequential applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl at 120 g ha−1 fb 120 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST, 100 g ha−1 fb 139 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST, or 139 g ha−1 fb 100 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST controlled grass weed species. The addition of florpyrauxifen-benzyl was not beneficial for grass weed control. However, because quizalofop-P-ethyl does not control broadleaf weeds, florpyrauxifen-benzyl could provide broad-spectrum weed control in acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase–resistant rice.

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The effects of weed density and different weed control applications on yield and yield components of chickpea cultivars

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-480 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Melih Yilar Omer Sozen ◽

Ufuk Karadavut

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Yield Components ◽

Control Method ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Control Applications ◽

Weed Density ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Plot Design

This study was conducted to determine the effects of weed density and different weed control treatments on chickpea yield and yield components. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with 3 replications in experimental fields of Kirsehir Ahi Evran University during 2016 and 2017 crop seasons. Total nine treatments (no weed control, permanent weed control, one-time hoeing, two-time hoeing, three-time hoeing, herbicide application after emergence, one-time hoeing with herbicide application, two-time hoeing with herbicide application and three-time hoeing with herbicide application) were compared to know the most effective weed control method. Vaccaria pyramidata Medik., Sinapis arvensis L., Acroptilon repens L. weed species were found to be the most intense in the experimental area. All weed control applications had significant effect on chickpea yield and yield components compared to weedy plots. Three-time hoeing with herbicide application increased the yield by 361.55-478.50% compared to weedy plots. Likewise, three-time hoeing application even increased the yield by 348.50-357.09% compared to weedy plots. The results revealed that three-time hoeing with herbicide and three-time hoeing applications stood out in weed management to obtain a good yield in chickpea cultivation at Kirsehir province.

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MANAGEMENT OF RED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) AND BARNYARDGRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI) GROWN WITH SORGHUM WITH REDUCED RATE OF ATRAZINE AND MECHANICAL METHODS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479712000671 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 587-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

ANDRÉ ANDRES ◽

GERMANI CONCENÇO ◽

GIOVANI THEISEN ◽

LEANDRO GALON ◽

FRANCO TESIO

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Application Rate ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Weedy Rice ◽

Red Rice ◽

Weed Species ◽

Mechanical Methods ◽

Tillage System

SUMMARYThe weedy variety ofOryza sativaoccurs in several rice cultivation areas reducing both grain yield and quality. Prevention and crop rotation are considered the basic means to reduce its presence. Weed control in sorghum is generally attained with atrazine. In this study, the efficacy of both chemical and mechanical methods for control, under different soil tillage conditions, of weedy rice and barnyardgrass during sorghum cultivation was evaluated with the aim to reduce the application rate of atrazine. In the case of chemical control, the atrazine rate (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 ga.i.ha−1) and application timing (pre- and post-emergence) were assessed. With the mechanical control method, the number of interventions (inter-row hoeing with sorghum at 3, 4–5 and 6–8 leaves) to avoid weed competition was determined. The effect of the tillage system on weed population was investigated comparing conventional (ploughing), minimum-tillage (disc harrowing) and sod seeding (no-tillage) in combination with pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments. The results showed that efficient control of weedy rice and barnyardgrass was achieved in lowlands with sorghum in rotation with rice. Both chemical and mechanical methods of weed control in sorghum gave a level of efficiency higher than 60%. The application of atrazine was more efficient in pre-emergence application, rather than in post-emergence treatments, in all soil tillage systems tested. On both weed species, the most suitable application rate was the pre-emergence treatment with 1500 ga.i.ha−1, and the adoption of higher rates did not significantly increase the herbicidal efficacy. The adoption of two or three mechanical interventions resulted in sorghum yield higher than the chemical post-emergence application, and similar to the application of atrazine in pre-emergence. Higher yield results were in accordance to greater weed control, being obtained in the conventional tillage system.

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Control of liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) growth in nursery plants with mulches of Sphagnum moss and blackcurrant stem pieces

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.90687 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Liisa Särkkä ◽

Risto Tahvonen

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Marchantia Polymorpha ◽

Sphagnum Moss ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Control Effect ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Year ◽

The Eu

Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) is a problematic weed on container surfaces in nurseries, because it hampers water and nutrient access to growing plants. No chemical herbicide against it is available in the EU. Mulches are the most common non-chemical weed control method. Mulches of Sphagnum moss and 1-cm blackcurrant stem pieces were used. Mulches’ effect on liverwort control continued for two years on highbush blueberry and blackcurrant, and one year on rhododendron. The blackcurrant stem pieces trial continued for one year. Blueberry and rhododendron demand acidic growing media, creating an acute need for liverwort control. Sieved moss was used in two different layers on top of a pot. The prevention rate of liverwort growth in blueberry in July–August was 95–99%, and in October 78–90%, depending on weather conditions; in rhododendron and blackcurrant, it was 90–95%. The control effect was diminished in more decomposed moss. No significant difference between thickness and coarseness of moss mulch layers was observed. Blackcurrant stem pieces controlled liverwort growth by almost 100%.

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A Relational Database as Decision Support System in Chemical Weed Control

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00040811 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 781-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lucia Stigliani ◽

Giuseppe Santospirito ◽

Nicola Cardinale ◽

Cosimo Resina

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Weed Control ◽

Relational Database ◽

Information Access ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Weed Species ◽

Information Format ◽

Available Information

Decision making in weed control is complex and time-consuming. Moreover, the structure of the available information does not facilitate the comparison of different herbicides. Indeed, information format can be the limiting factor in the performance of sophisticated computer programs intended to supply appropriate advice on weed control treatments. A relational database for decision support on chemical weed control has been developed. It uses a detailed structure by subdividing the information where possible. The database includes programs for entering, updating, and printing data, as well as programs for retrieving information and giving treatment advice. The information access on herbicides is organized around searches based on a specific crop and multiple weed species at their respective growth stages. Optimization of the selected herbicides is carried out and supplies the lowest number of herbicides controlling all the chosen weeds. Information on critical parameters for herbicide application such as varietal restrictions, rotational crops, and compatibility with other products is also interactively available.

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