scholarly journals Fungal colonization of tobacco waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska ◽  
Alicja Szwed ◽  
Stefania Jezierska-Tys
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Tobacco Waste

Tobacco dust colonization by soil fungi involves the succession of physiologically differentiated groups. They are characterized by poorly diversified species composition and are dominated by potentially phytopathogenic forms.

scholarly journals Soil fungi of tobacco waste and compost of the waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Teresa Korniłowicz-Kowalska ◽  
Alicja Szwed ◽  
Krystyna Gostowska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Tobacco Waste

The effect of tobacco dust and composts containing those wastes on soil fungi was determined. It was found that crude tobacco dust, as opposed to composts, acted selectively making the species composition of soil fungal populations poor and changing the interrelations of potentially antagonistic and phytopathogenic fungi.

DETERMINATION OF FUNGI RESISTANCE OF SEVERAL SAMPLES OF NATURAL LEATHER IN CONDITIONS OF ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2 (255)) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Iren V. Shahazizyan ◽  
Inessa M. Eloyan ◽  
Ruzanna E. Matevosyan ◽  
Siranoush G. Nanagyulyan
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Mold Resistance

In this work we studied the effect of microscopic soil fungi on some lather samples. The species composition of micromycetes inhabiting the samples under study was revealed, and an assessment of the fungal resistance of the materials under study was given. In the process of work, species of microscopic soil fungi were isolated and identified from the soil. In order to determine the degree of resistance to fungi for the infection of samples, a water-spore suspension was obtained. The leather materials were partially destroyed by microscopic fungi, and mold resistance ranged from 2 to 3 on a 5-point scale.

Fungi associated with Tomicus minor on Pinus sylvestris in Poland and their succession into the sapwood of beetle-infested windblown trees

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2579-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Succession ◽  
Tomicus Minor ◽  
Insect Fungi

The study identified and measured frequency of fungal species associated with Tomicus minor (Hart.) on Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) in Poland. Additionally, fungal succession in P. sylvestris sapwood was investigated during a 12 week period following an attack by this insect. Fungi were isolated from five populations of overwintered adult beetles and their galleries with 59 species of fungi being represented among the 2880 cultures obtained. The most frequent species, Ophiostoma canum (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd., Hormonema dematioides Lagerb. & Melin, and Ambrosiella tingens (Lagerb. & Melin) L.R. Batra, appeared to be specifically associated with T. minor. The succesional changes in species composition during a 12 week period following an attack by T. minor were observed. The pattern of fungal succession in P. sylvestris sapwood essentially agreed with a general scheme of fungal succession in tree sapwood infested by bark beetles. Ambrosiella tingens was the first invader of sapwood and occurred most frequently in its deeper layers. Ophiostoma canum, H. dematioides, and other molds were also often isolated from the sapwood; however, they were most common at a depth of 5 mm during the initial phase of fungal colonization. Later, Ophiostoma canum followed A. tingens in the sapwood invasion.

Functional relationships between soil fungi and environment in alpine tundra

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 1642-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bissett ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
Grassland Site

Temperature, moisture, available potassium, and soil pH were the most important abiotic variables influencing the distribution and community composition of soil fungi from three diverse alpine habitats. The major differences in species composition occurred among the sites. An ordination contrasting the sites, based on the species composition of the mycoflora, was correlated with a gradient contrasting temperature and moisture with potassium. The observed differences in species composition among the sites were concluded to have resulted from conflicting demands on the species for efficiency and adaptability. Relatively few species were isolated from the more exposed summit ridge site (2840 m). and these were probably genetically diverse species capable of adapting to environmental extremes. Alternatively, dominant species may be specialists adapted to limiting dimensions that are widely distributed in the environment. Dominant species at the drought-prone grassland site (1900 m) appeared adapted to low moisture, and those of the alpine meadow site (2530 m) to low temperature.Seasonal changes in mycoflora composition were related to changes in the moisture and temperature status of the soils, with low temperature limiting in the spring and low moisture in the fall. Chrysosporium pannorum and Penieillium janthinellum were adapted to combined low temperature and moisture. Cylindroearpon didymuin, Glioeladium deliquescens, Fusarium merismoides. Penicillium steckii, and Cylindrocarpon destructans occurred only in soils with a relatively high temperature–moisture status. Changes in mycoflora composition with soil depth were attributed to an environmental gradient combining temperature, moisture, and K without contrasts. Sterile fungi, apparently adapted to the adverse conditions of low temperature. moisture, and K. were dominant in the lower horizons at all three sites. Soil K appeared to be a limiting factor for many species restricted to the surface horizons, including the frequently isolated species Fusarium acuminatum. Penicillium janthinellum. Penicillium simplicissimum. Penicillium steckii. Phoma eupyrena. and Trichoderma liamatum.

scholarly journals Fungal colonization of soil-buried plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC) and the impact of incorporated biocides

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 1731-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Sabev ◽  
P. S. Handley ◽  
G. D. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Penicillium Janthinellum ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
Plastic Surface ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dioctyl Adipate

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC) with or without incorporated biocides was buried in grassland and forest soil for up to 10 months. The change with time in viable counts of fungi on the plastic surface was followed, together with the percentage capable of clearing the two plasticizers dioctyl adipate (DOA) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). With time fungal total viable counts (TVC) on control pPVC increased and the fraction able to clear DOA was considerably higher than the average estimated in both soil types. A total of 92 fungal morphotypes were isolated from grassland soil and 42 from forest soil with the greatest variety of fungal isolates observed on control pPVC. The incorporation of biocides into pPVC affected both fungal TVC and the richness of species isolated. The biocides NCMP [n-(trichloromethylthio)phthalimide], OBPA (10,10′-oxybisphenoxarsine) and OIT (2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) were the most effective in grassland soil, and TCMP [2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulphonyl)pyridine] and NCMP the most effective in forest soil. In grassland soil, Penicillium janthinellum established as a principal colonizer and was recovered from all pPVC types. DOP clearers were found at much lower levels than DOA clearers, with Doratomyces spp. being the most efficient. At the end of 10 months the physical properties of the pPVC were altered; changes in stiffness were the most significant for heavily colonized grassland-buried pPVC samples, whereas in forest soil, the extensibility of the pPVC was affected more than the stiffness. These results suggest that fungi are important colonizers of pPVC buried in soil and that enrichment of soil fungi capable of clearing DOA occurs during colonization of the plastic surface. The results also demonstrate that incorporated biocides have a marked impact on the richness of species colonizing the pPVC surface.

scholarly journals Species Composition of Indigenous Trichoderma Fungi Affected by Cd, Ni and Zn Heavy Metals in Calcareous Chernozem Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Naár ◽  
B. Biró
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Lower Ratio

Cadmium, nickel or zinc contaminated soils originating from a long-term heavy metal field experiment were used to assess the influence of those particular treatments on the coexistence of various Trichoderma species. The abundance of six indigenous Trichoderma spp. - T . atroviride , T . harzianum , T . pubescens , T . tomentosum , T . virens and T . viride - were studied 12 years after the application of Cd, Zn and Ni salts on four levels (0, 30, 90 and 270 mg·kg -1 ) in a calcareous chernozem soil. Trichoderma fungal colonies from the soil particles were estimated on selective media. The isolated strains were taxonomically characterized by microscopic visualization.  A reduced Trichoderma fungal colonization was found at the lower ratio of the studied metals. No colonization could be recorded in the case of Cd, and a slightly increased abundance at Ni and Zn metal salts at the highest 270 mg·kg -1 doses. The species composition of the fungi varied considerably in the contaminated samples as a function of the metals and the applied doses. Correlation analysis revealed that the population density of T . atroviride , T . harzianum , T . pubescens , T . viride was negatively affected by the available Cd concentration. The nickel content of the soil, however, correlated positively with the abundance of T . harzianum (r = 0.955) and T . virens (r = 0.964). In addition to this finding, the frequency of T . viride and T . tomentosum showed significant positive and negative correlation with the Zn treatment (r = 0.955; r = -0.965, respectively). Great differences between the correlation and partial correlation coefficients suggested that the heavy metals may alter not only the abundance of the fungi, but the interspecific relationships among the indigenous Trichoderma population, as well. This fact is considered to have further influence on some other biotic parameters and the soil functioning in heavy-metal-affected soils.

THE PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS LODGING OF SEEDLINGS OF COMMON PINE IN AUTUMN SOWING AT THE NURSERY OF SFNR" ERTIS ORMANY»

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Merkel ◽  
◽  
E.P. Vibe
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Covering Material ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Autumn Sowing

Phytopathological studies of the state of shoots of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of autumn sowing when grown in protected soil with the use of Agrotex covering material were carried out. The results of survey showed that when using fertilizers and soil activators-nitrogen, phosphorus, boric acid, EM EKO KZ Soil, EM EKO KZ soil (NPK) and humus, there is a drop in seedlings from 7.5 to 32.6%. The main reason for the death of shoots was the development and spread of infectious pathogens of seedlings. The species composition of pathogenic microflora in diseased plants is represented by a group of soil fungi belonging to the anamorphic division-Fusarium, Alternaria. Evaluation of the experience of introducing substances into the soil during autumn sowing showed that their use, as a rule, does not affect the resistance of plants to infectious pathogens, with the exception of boric acid, which has fungicidal activity.

scholarly journals Hypothesis and Theory: Fungal Spores in Stemflow and Potential Bark Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donát Magyar ◽  
John T. Van Stan ◽  
Kandikere R. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Conidial Concentration ◽  
Bark Structure

The study of stemflow fungi began over 50 years ago. Past work has been performed in different climatic regions of the world, with different sampling methods, by mycologists focusing on different taxonomical groups. Therefore, we aim to synthesize this work to delineate major conclusions and emerging hypothesis. Here, we present: (1) a systematic compilation of observations on stemflow conidial concentration, flux, and species composition; (2) an evaluation of the methods underlying these observations; (3) a testable theory to understand spatiotemporal dynamics in stemflow (including honeydews) conidial assemblages, with a focus on their relationship to bark structure and microhabitats; and (4) a discussion of major hypotheses based on past observations and new data. This represents a knowledge gap in our understanding of fungal dispersal mechanisms in forests, in a spatially-concentrated hydrologic flux that interacts with habitats throughout the forest microbiome. The literature synthesis and new data represent observations for 228 fungal species’ conidia in stemflow collected from 58 tree species, 6 palm species, and 1 bamboo species. Hypothetical relationships were identified regarding stemflow production and conidial concentration, flux, and species composition. These relationships appear to be driven by bark physico-chemical properties, tree canopy setting, the diversity of in-canopy microenvironments (e.g., tree holes, bark fissures, and epiphytes), and several possible conidia exchange processes (teleomorph aerosols, epi-faunal exchanges, fungal colonization of canopy microhabitats, and droplet impacts, etc.). The review reveals a more complex function of stemflow fungi, having a role in self-cleaning tree surfaces (which play air quality-related ecoservices themselves), and, on the other hand, these fungi may have a role in the protection of the host plant.

EXPLANT OF INTRAGASTRIC BALLOON WITH SEVERE FUNGAL COLONIZATION: HOW DO I DO IT?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Silva ◽  
M Dos Passos Galvão Neto ◽  
E Grecco ◽  
AL Santos ◽  
S Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intragastric Balloon ◽  
Fungal Colonization
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