scholarly journals Proteolytic activity in the stem cambial region of Pinus sylvestris L. - A contribution to the specific differentiation of secondary xylem and phloem

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof J. Rakowski ◽  
Tomasz J. Wodzicki
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Xylem Differentiation ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Ph Optimum

Proteolytic activity was studied in the differentiating xylem and phloem of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) to determine the specificity of xylem and phloem differentiation. The activity of autolytic proteases was demonstrated in the differentiating xylem during spring, summer and autumn and it was not detectable during winter. It was initiated with the onset of cambial activity in spring and unchanged during subsequent stages of xylem differentiation. The same proteolytic activity was not detectable in the extract of fresh phloem tissue. It could be detected in phloem after removal of the inhibitor found in the extract. The same pH optimum was determined for proteases extracted from xylem and phloem. However, their identity remains uncertain because of different electrophoretic mobility. On the other hand the presence of protease inhibitor in phloem tissue can be an important factor im determining the specificity of xylem an phloem differentiation.

scholarly journals Effect of auxin (iaa) upon the proteolytic system in differentiating secondary xylem of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof J. Rakowski ◽  
Tomasz J. Wodzicki
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Proteolytic System ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Meristematic Activity

Effects of decapitation and IAA on proteolytic activity were studied in main stem of 4-7 year-old <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> trees. Proteolytic activity in the extract from differentiating secondary xylem was found to be totally reduced in decapitated 2-3 year-old segments of the main stem after a few weeks. Simultaneous application of IAA in lanolin paste prevented this reduction. Proteolytic activity reduced totally after decapitation was restored within 2 days when auxin was applied. Analogous responses to decapitated and auxin application were observed in respect to cambial activity and protein level. The latter effects were not correlated in time with the effects upon the activity of proteases. The differences were especially visible when phloem continuity between the decapited stem segment and the rest of the tree crown was broken by ring-barking. The results suggest dependence of a proteolytic system on the shoot apical control. In this epigenetic system of control the role of auxin seems to be directly associated with the seasonal meristematic activity of the cambium, which was observed in earlier studies.

The HIV aspartyl protease inhibitor ritonavir impairs planktonic growth, biofilm formation and proteolytic activity in Trichosporon spp.

Biofouling ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro ◽  
Rosana Serpa ◽  
Patrícia Bruna Leite Mendes ◽  
Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista ◽  
Ana Raquel Colares Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Aspartyl Protease ◽  
Planktonic Growth

Wyniki oznaczeń taksonomicznych szczątków drewna

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Skrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
High Share

A number of samples collected during exploration of archaeological features from the Przeworsk culture cremation cemetery were submitted for xylological examination. The samples contained poorly preserved charred remains of wood, which were subjected to taxonomic identification. Anthracological analyses allowed four taxa of woody plants to be identified, with the predominant share of remains belonging to Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. The high share of pine wood fragments may indicate selective acquisition of this species as a material for building funeral pyres. On the other hand, it may reflect the widespread occurrence of this species in the nearby forest communities, which were shaped by human activity.

scholarly journals Studies on Platelet Glycoproteins by Surface Labeling and SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hagen ◽  
N.O. Solum ◽  
M. Peterka
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Conformational State ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Release Reaction

Platelet surface (glyco)proteins, and alterations in these in connection with the thrombin-induced release reaction has been studied. Platelets were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, and examined by SDS gel electrophoresis in two different gel systems, one conventional(J. Biol. Chem.1969 244 4406), and the other containing urea and EDTA in the gels. In the conventional system the bulk of radioactivity coincided with a PAS band (GP III) of MW about 100, 000. In the other system, the main radioactive peak appeared in the GP II area (MW 120,000), and a shift in the PAS stain intensity from GP III to GP II was seen. Thrombasthenic platelets showed only traces of the GP II band in both systems. The bulk of radioactivity was associated with the surface glycopolypeptide GPS, which is present, but not labeled in normal platelets. In thrombin-released platelets, GPS in its unreduced state has an altered electrophoretic mobility compared to control platelets and platelets which have been incubated with metabolic inhibitors to prevent secretion. The findings indicate that the GP III band consists of two different polypeptides, one of which appears in the GP II area in gels containing urea and EDTA. Further, that thrombasthenic platelet membrane exists in a conformational state different from that of normal platelets. And finally, GPS is in some way involved in, or influenced by, the thrombin-induced release reaction.

Proteolytic and Lipolytic Activities of some Toxigenic and Nontoxigenic Aspergilli and Penicillia

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. EL-GENDY ◽  
E. H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Penicillium Roqueforti ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Penicillium Cyclopium ◽  
Penicillium Patulum

Eighteen strains of Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus, one of Aspergillus ochraceus and 12 strains or species of Penicillium, many of them isolated from cheese, were evaluated for their proteolytic and lipolytic activities. Strains of A. flavus exhibited considerable proteolytic and little lipolytic activity, whereas the reverse was true for strains of A. parasiticus. Of the Penicillium cultures tested, 10 exhibited considerable lipolytic activity, but only five had marked proteolytic activity. Two cultures, Penicillium patulum M59, and Penicillium cyclopium No. 8, were markedly lipolytic and proteolytic. Of the other cultures, greatest lipolytic activity was associated with Penicillium roqueforti 849, Penicillium puberulum No. 33, A. parasiticus NRRL 3145 and NRRL 465 and A. ochraceus NRRL 3174, whereas greatest proteolytic activity of all the cultures was associated with P. patulum M59, P. cyclopium No. 25 and A. flavus WB500, 4018, 4098 and NRRL 5565.

Effects of cytokinin-auxin combinations on cell arrangement in the basal stems and tropane alkaloid production in cultured non-rooted shoots of Duboisia myoporoides

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurussaba Khanam ◽  
Cheang Khoo ◽  
Abdul G. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropane Alkaloid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Alkaloid Production ◽  
Cell Arrangement ◽  
Induction Stage

In non-rooted shoots regenerated from calluses induced with nine different cyokinin–auxin combinations, basal stem elongation and the cell arrangement in the basal stem sections depended on the cytokinin–auxin combinations used at the callus-induction stage. Elongated basal stems like seedling and large cells in the secondary xylem were found in the non-rooted shoots regenerated from calluses induced with benzyladenine (BA) 10 µM + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 1 µM and BA 10 µM + indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.1 µM. Tropane alkaloids were detected in these shoots. The peak hyoscyamine and scopolamine contents were 38.5 × 10 –4 and 6.5 × 10 –4 % dry weight, respectively. Various patterns of vascular regions without large cells in the secondary xylem were found in the basal stem sections of the non-rooted shoots regenerated from calluses induced with the other cytokinin–auxin combinations. No tropane alkaloids were detected in these shoots.

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrates and xylem growth in Pinus sylvestris exposed to drought

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1590-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Oberhuber ◽  
Irene Swidrak ◽  
Daniela Pirkebner ◽  
Andreas Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Structural Growth ◽  
Xylem Growth ◽  
Soil Dryness

Wood formation requires a continuous supply of carbohydrates for structural growth and metabolism. In the montane belt of the central Austrian Alps, we monitored the temporal dynamics of xylem growth and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem sapwood of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) during the growing season of 2009, which was characterized by exceptional soil dryness within the study area. Soil water content dropped below 10% at the time of maximum xylem growth at the end of May. Histological analyses have been used to describe cambial activity and xylem growth. Determination of NSC was performed using specific enzymatic assays revealing that total NSC ranged from 0.8% to 1.7% dry matter throughout the year. Significant variations (P < 0.05) of the size of the NSC pool were observed during the growing season. Starch showed persistent abundance throughout the year, reaching a maximum shortly before onset of late wood formation in mid-July. Seasonal dynamics of NSC and xylem growth suggest that (i) high sink activity occurred at the start of the growing season in spring and during late wood formation in summer and (ii) there was no particular shortage in NSC, which caused P. sylvestris to draw upon stem reserves more heavily during the drought in 2009.

Variability in the Proportion and Type of Subunits in Lupin Storage Globulins

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Gillespie ◽  
RJ Blagrove
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subunit Composition ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Conglutin Γ

The seeds of 12 species of lupin were examined and were found to contain two major globulins, conglutins α and β, while some contained a third minor globulin, conglutin �. There were considerable differences between species in the electrophoretic mobility and proportions of conglutins α and β, and in their subunit composition in terms of the number of components, their molecular weights and the importance of disulphide bonding between them. However, the electrophoretic behaviour and subunit composition of conglutins α and β did appear to be species-specific. Conglutin γ, on the other hand, did not seem to vary in molecular size or electrophoretic mobility within this genus. The 18 cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius examined appeared to be more closely related in terms of the number and size of subunits, although variations were apparent in the relative proportion of these subunits, especially with wild types. It is suggested that this variability in the protein structure of lupin globulins may provide evidence that substantial changes can be induced by genetic selection in the composition of these proteins without upsetting their structure-function relations.

LINGCOD MUSCLE PHOSPHOMONOESTERASES: I. ACID PHOSPHATASES THAT HYDROLYZEp-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Tomlinson ◽  
R. A. J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Acid Phosphomonoesterase

Five fractions (A to E), each possessing acid phosphomonoesterase activity, were separated from an aqueous extract of the muscle of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) by stepwise chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose in the free-base form.Fraction A required Zn++or Mn++for activity, was inhibited by heparin, and had its pH optimum at 6.0. Fraction E required Zn++for activity, was not inhibited by heparin, and had its pH optimum at 5.5. Fractions B, C, and D did not require metal ions for activity, and were distinguished from each other by differences in response to pH, cysteine, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, fluoride, and tartrate.The pH range over which fraction A was active was shifted to slightly higher values when Mn++was the activator rather than Zn++. Also, A was inhibited strongly by cysteine when activated by Zn++, but not when activated by Mn++. Data are presented that indicate these differences were due to different properties of the activating ions, rather than to the presence in fraction A of two enzymes, one activated by Zn++and the other by Mn++.

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