scholarly journals Reduced pollen viability and achene development in Solidago ×niederederi Khek from Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Migdałek ◽  
Jolanta Kolczyk ◽  
Artur Pliszko ◽  
Maria Kościńska-Pająk ◽  
Aneta Słomka
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Potential Impact

Pollen and achene characters of natural interspecific hybrid <em>Solidago</em> ×<em>niederederi</em> Khek were analyzed and compared with putative parental species <em>S. virgaurea</em> L. and <em>S. canadensis</em> L. to estimate the level of disturbances in generative reproduction resulting from its hybrid nature. Pollen viability (stainability) of <em>Solidago</em> ×<em>niederederi</em> from one newly discovered locality in NE Poland was evidently reduced to ~65% in both viability tests (acetocarmine and Alexander). The diameter of viable pollen (median 21.11 µm) fell between <em>S. canadensis</em> (median 19.52 µm) and <em>S. virgaurea</em> (median 23.48 µm). Both parental species produced normally developed achenes with high frequency (~90%) whereas in the hybrid, the seed set was dramatically low (6%). The results clearly indicated that sexual reproduction of hybridogenous taxon <em>S.</em> ×<em>niederederi</em> is disturbed, and its potential impact as an invasive species depends mainly on vegetative propagation.

scholarly journals Meiotic Chromosome Behavior and Capsule Setting in Doritaenopsis Hybrids

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bolaños-Villegas ◽  
Shih-Wen Chin ◽  
Fure-Chyi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Pollen Mother Cell ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
High Pollen ◽  
Mother Cells

The development of new cultivars in Doritaenopsis Guillaum. & Lami orchids is often hindered by factors such as low seed count in hybrids. Cytological study may offer the ability to develop new hybrids by revealing cultivars with good chromosome pairing and high pollen viability, which are somewhat difficult to obtain under current breeding programs. Cross pollination, pollen viability, and chromosomal behavior during meiosis were analyzed to reveal the relation between seed fertility and capsule set in Doritaenopsis hybrids. The number of mature capsules harvested and their relative seed content were used as indices of crossing availability. The results of meiosis were evaluated according to pollen viability detected by fluorescein diacetate and quantification of sporad types by acid fuchsin staining. Chromosome number and pairing at meiosis were observed in root tips or in samples of pollen mother cells. A positive relation was found among high seed set, high frequency of viable tetrads, high degree of chromosome pairing, and low frequency of chromosomal aberrations such as inversions and translocations. On the basis of these factors, three types of hybrids could be distinguished. In type one hybrids, chromosomes paired as bivalents, pollen mother cells divided into tetrads, and capsule setting occurred after pollination of pollen acceptors. In type two hybrids, chromosomes remained mainly as univalents that developed into micromeiocytes, pollen mother cell division was disrupted, and seed recovery was low after pollination. Type three hybrids showed chromosomes paired mostly as multivalents, chromosome bridges, pollen mother cell division with massive failure, and little fertility. In Doritaenopsis orchids, high pollen viability and high fertility depends on a high frequency of normal tetrads, and low seed set in cross-pollination is predicted with micronuclei in the end products of meiosis. The occurrence of chromosomal aberrations may suggest a process of genome differentiation that could compromise breeding efforts if not taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Cytological Evidence for the Sterility of an Interspecific Alstroemeria Hybrid

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 855B-855
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Lu ◽  
Mark Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Mother Cell ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Self-pollinations of a diploid (2n = 2x = 16) interspecific hybrid from the cross of Alstroemeria aurea × A. caryophyllaea resulted in no seed set. Pollen viability studies with the hybrid demonstrated that only 5% of the pollen grains were viable. Cytological observations with the hybrid pollen mother cell (PMC) revealed abnormal chromosome behaviors, such as no pairing in Prophase I and Metaphase I, and bridges in the Anaphase I and II. Although the development of microspores appeared normal in shape until the stage of tetrad release, some chromosomes did not remain in the nucleus after completing meiosis, formed isolated groups of 1 to 4, and remained in the cytoplasm. This genetic imbalance of the microspores could be one of the causes for the abortion of the pollen grains in the late stage of development. Additional meiotic cytological studies with colchicine-induced tetraploids (2n = 4x = 32) derived from the hybrid plants showed that chromosome pairings were normal in most cases. However, self-pollination with the tetraploid plants failed to set seeds. These studies with the tetraploids further demonstrate that the sterility of the hybrid is due not only to chromosomal differences, but also to complex genic interactions.

Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Malumpong ◽  
S. Cheabu ◽  
C. Mongkolsiriwatana ◽  
W. Detpittayanan ◽  
A. Vanavichit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Plant Parts

AbstractThe reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes of Hsf genes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of six HsfA genes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of the HsfA2a gene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.

Optimization of chromosome doubling treatment for efficient in vivo doubled haploid production in maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sourbh Kumar ◽  
Uttam Chandel ◽  
Satish Kumar Guleria
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Haploid Inducer ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract An investigation to optimize the protocol for application of colchicine for enhancing the doubled haploid production in maize was done. 106 maize genotypes were used as maternal parents, whereas, pollen source involved tropically adopted haploid inducer (TAIL P1 and TAIL hybrid). After the elimination of chromosomes of inducer lines, haploid seeds were obtained from the crosses. Haploid seedlings were treated with three different doses, such as 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 per cent of colchicines for different durations (8, 12 and 15 hours). The response of various colchicine concentrations applied for different time durations revealed significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 for various parameters viz., per cent plants survivability, stalk colour, the fertility of tassel, silk present/absent, pollen viability, seed set and per cent doubled haploid formation. In maize, colchicine doses of 0.04 per cent for 12 hours and 0.06 per cent for 8 hours, respectively were established as optimum for enhanced doubled haploid production. But among these two, 0.04 per cent for 12 hours was observed to be best dose for doubled haploid production in maize.

Effect of potato spindle tuber viroid on sexual reproduction and viroid transmission in true potato seed

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Grasmick ◽  
S. A. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Viroid Infection

The effect of potato spindle tuber viroid infection on pollen viability, fruit-set, botanical seed set, seed weight, and seed germination in potatoes was determined. Pollen collected from the infected cultivar 'Monona' was less viable than pollen collected from healthy plants. Pollen collected from infected plants reduced seed set significantly but did not reduce fruit development or seed set in all cultivars tested. For some cultivars, infected maternal plants increased the frequency of fruit development and seed weight compared with healthy controls. True potato seed from viroid-infected 'Katahdin' × 'Superior' crosses germinated at a higher rate than did seed from comparable uninfected parents. Progeny from viroid-infected parents that exhibited potato spindle tuber viroidlike symptoms did not always test positive for potato spindle tuber viroid by bioassay or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis tests. Efficiency of potato spindle tuber viroid detection by bioassay was highest for seedlings 2 weeks after imbibition. Potato spindle tuber viroid was detected in 100% of the progeny tested after true potato seed was stored at 4 °C for 12 years. Tests on selfed true potato seed from the viroid-infected cultivar 'Monona' demonstrated a transmission rate of 100% after subinoculation of initial bioassay plants.

scholarly journals GENOME SIZE IN THREE SPECIES OF Glandularia AND THEIR HYBRIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
M.R. Ferrari ◽  
E.J. Greizerstein ◽  
L. Poggio
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

In this work the relationship between genome size of Glandularia species and the meiotic configurations found in their hybrids are discussed. Glandularia incisa (Hook.) Tronc., growing in two localities of Corrientes and Córdoba provinces, Argentina, with different ecological conditions, showed inter-population variability of the 2C-value. The DNA content found in the Corrientes locality (2.41 pg) was higher than that obtained in the Córdoba locality (2.09 pg) which has more stressful environmental conditions than the former. These values are statistically different from those that were found in Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. from Corrientes (1.43 pg) and in Glandularia perakii Cov. et Schn from Córdoba (1.47 pg). The DNA content of the diploid F1 hybrids, G. pulchella × G. incisa and G. perakii × G. incisa, differed statistically from the DNA content of the parental species, being intermediate between them. Differences in the frequency of pairing of homoeologous chromosomes were observed in the hybrids; these differences cannot be explained by differences in genome size since hybrids with similar DNA content differ significantly in their meiotic behavior. On the other hand, the differences in the DNA content between the parental species justify the presence of a high frequency of heteromorphic open and closed bivalents and univalents with different size in the hybrids. Key words: Intra-specific DNA content variability, homoeologous pairing, heteromorphic bivalents

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pangasius djambal Bleeker 1846 and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878) Hybrids: Biometric, Growth, and Ovarian Maturation

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Rudhy Gustiano ◽  
Anang H. Kristanto ◽  
Evi Tahapari ◽  
Bambang Iswanto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Aquaculture Production

<p>Evaluasi Karakter Biometrik, Pertumbuhan, dan Perkembangan Telur Hibrida Pangasius Djambal Bleeker 1846 dan Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878). Rudhy Gustiano, Anang H. Kristanto, Evi Tahapari, dan Bambang Iswanto. Program hibridisasi telah lama digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi perikanan, lebih dari tiga dekade. Perhatian besar terhadap program hibridisasi merupakan kekhawatiran pengaruhnya terhadap populasi alami. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penyediaan alat untuk mengidentifikasi secara cepat dan akurat di lapang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti karakter biometrik, keragaan pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan telur Pangasius djambal dan Pangasianodon hypophthalmus dan hibridanya. Analisis morfologi secara lengkap dilakukan pada hibrida. Uji pertumbuhan di kolam tanah dan pengamatan terhadap perkembangan telur juga diamati. Hasil pengamatan morfometrik dan meristik memperlihatkan bahwa hibrida memiliki karakter antara kedua induk asli, kecuali jumlah gigi tapis insang yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan tetuanya. Pengujian pertumbuhan di kolam tanah memperlihatkan hibrida memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan tetuanya, sedangkan perkembangan telur hibrida menunjukkan abnormal. Perkembangan telur tidak pernah mencapai kematangan sempurna, sebagian besar rusak dan berlemak. Dari kajian yang dilakukan, dapat dikemukakan bahwa hibrida P. djambal and P. hypophthalmus adalah hibrida yang sesungguhnya. Hibrida ini dapat digunakan sebagai benih sebar untuk kegiatan produksi budi daya karena dapat dideteksi dengan mudah dari kedua tetuanya, lebih cepat tumbuh, dan tidak dapat berkembang biak.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Hybridization program has been used to increase fish production for more than three decades. Concern to this program is due to the problem of potential impact on wild population. Hence, it is urgently needed to provide quick identification tools in the field and as well as commercial aspect in term of growth rate. This study investigated biometric characters, growth performance, and ovarian development of Pangasius djambal and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and their reciprocal hybrids. A detailed morphological analysis was done on the hybrids of P. djambal and P. hypophthalmus. Earthen pond on the growth comparison as well as the ovarian development was also observed. The results of morphometric and meristic showed that the reciprocal hybrids have intermediate characters except for gill rakers numbers in which lower than that of parental species. Growth analysis showed that hybrids has better performance compare to the parental one, while ovarian development of hybrids was developed abnormal. No oocytes reached vitellogenesis and showed major atresia and fatty. It can be concluded that hybrids of P. djambal and P. hypophthalmus is true hybrids. The hybrids can be used as final seed for aquaculture production due to clearly identify from parents, superior growth performance and steril.</p>

scholarly journals Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Karina Pereira de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
The Cross

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

Some effects of heat waves on grain sorghum at the stage of head emergence

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Pasternak ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Heat Application

Sorghum plants were exposed at head emergence to simulated heat waves for five days, and subsequent grain production observed. Comparisons were made between relatively dry heat (108�F, 41 per cent RH by day and 90�F, 53 per cent RH by night), more humid hot conditions (107�F, 70 per cent RH-90�F, 70 per cent RH), and ambient (81�F, 64 per cent RH-71�F, 85 per cent RH). Whole inflorescences or portions that had emerged before heat application were little affected, whereas most enclosed flowers were killed. High temperature was responsible, humidity having little effect. Grain yield depended on the resulting number of grains. There was some loss of pollen viability in the dry heat treatments, but not sufficient to affect seed set.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Pairing and Pollen Viability in Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora stylosa Hybrids

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand P. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Number ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Chromosomal Pairing ◽  
Very High

Two prominent mangrove species of Fiji, Rhizophora mangle, Linn. Rhizophora stylosa Griff and their puative hyubrid (R x selala) were analysed for chromosome number and pairing. Both parental species and their hybrid possess a diploid number of (2n) = 36 chromosomes. Regular 18 bivalents were observed in two species but the hybrid lacked proper chromosome pairing during meiosis. Analysis of tetrads showed normal tetrad and microspores development in parental species but very high abnormality in the hybrid. Pollen fertility determined by staining technique and pollen germination technique showed very high pollen viability in both parental species but very low pollen viability in the putative hybrid. Lack of chromosomal homology appears to be contributing to high percentage of non-viable pollen resulting in complete sterility in the putative hybrid.

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