scholarly journals Interrogating Systems That Cause Disparities: Testing the Social-Ecological Model in Low- Versus High-Density African American Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaprea F. Johnson ◽  
Lauren B Robins ◽  
Chelsea Derlan Williams ◽  
Tiffany G Townsend
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Significant Difference

This study utilized the four-level social-ecological model to provide a better understanding of the disparities in health-related outcomes in high- and low-density African American (AA) communities. The current research sought to understand the relationships between mental and physical health, social-economic factors, and physical environment within this community. The goal of this study was to understand the relationship between these indicators of health, to better inform health-care strategies. The results highlight the significant difference between high- and low-density AA communities and socio-economic factors, physical environment, poor physical days, and poor mental health days. Implications for behavioral health providers are explored.

scholarly journals Working towards a comprehensive understanding of HPV and cervical cancer among Indigenous women: a qualitative systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050113
Author(s):  
Sneha Sethi ◽  
Brianna Poirier ◽  
Karen Canfell ◽  
Megan Smith ◽  
Gail Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Social Ecological

RationaleIndigenous peoples carry a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases and cancers and are over-represented among the socially disadvantaged of most countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor and causative agent of cervical, oropharyngeal and other cancers. Recent literature shows evidence of Indigenous populations being at increased risk of HPV infections and its associated cancers.ObjectiveThis is a qualitative systematic review. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and barriers Indigenous women face in relation to HPV awareness, knowledge and cervical screening, in order to better understand factors that may mitigate against or facilitate prevention efforts for HPV infection and associated cancers.MethodsTwo investigators independently searched MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases (for articles published from inception until 30 June 2020) using a prespecified search strategy to identify qualitative studies on narratives of Indigenous women regarding HPV infection awareness, knowledge and cervical screening, across all geographic and income-level settings. Using a ‘meta-study’ approach, a social ecological model of cervical screening, infection and associated cancer prevention among Indigenous populations was formulated.ResultsFive core themes were identified and formulated within the social ecological model; intrapersonal factors, interpersonal factors, institutional/organisational factors, sociocultural/community factors and public policy. These collectively formed the proposed social ecological model of HPV infection awareness and cervical cancer prevention among Indigenous women. This model has been synthesised by taking into account personal stories of Indigenous women and healthcare workers, thus offering a more nuanced, organised, structured and culturally sensitive approach to policy translation.ConclusionThe social ecological model of HPV infection awareness and cervical cancer prevention among Indigenous women offers a holistic and practical approach for Indigenous health policy makers. It clearly addresses the high risk of Indigenous populations at a global level in experience of both HPV infection and HPV-related cancers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020207643.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with opioid use disorder: an application of the social ecological model

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Cowan ◽  
Maria R. Khan ◽  
Siri Shastry ◽  
E. Jennifer Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled societal disruption with wide ranging effects on individual liberties, the economy, and physical and mental health. While no social strata or population has been spared, the pandemic has posed unique and poorly characterized challenges for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Given the pandemic’s broad effects, it is helpful to organize the risks posed to specific populations using theoretical models. These models can guide scientific inquiry, interventions, and public policy. Models also provide a visual image of the interplay of individual-, network-, community-, structural-, and pandemic-level factors that can lead to increased risks of infection and associated morbidity and mortality for individuals and populations. Such models are not unidirectional, in that actions of individuals, networks, communities and structural changes can also affect overall disease incidence and prevalence. In this commentary, we describe how the social ecological model (SEM) may be applied to describe the theoretical effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). This model can provide a necessary framework to systematically guide time-sensitive research and implementation of individual-, community-, and policy-level interventions to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with OUD.

Men Who Have Sex With Men and HIV Risk Behavior: Exploring the Influence of Masculinity Within the Social Ecological Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-533
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Hergenrather ◽  
Diona Emmanuel ◽  
Robert J. Zeglin ◽  
David J. Ruda ◽  
Scott D. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sex With Men

In the United States, gay, bisexual men, and men who have sex with men (MSM) represent 86% of new HIV infections among males. Approximately 1 in 7 men with HIV are unaware of their HIV status (CDC, 2017, 2019a, 2020a). To explore influences on MSM HIV risk behavior, the authors performed a systematic review of quantitative studies conducted in the U.S. assessing what is purported as masculinity. From 30 identified studies, significant findings were framed within the Social Ecological Model (SEM) levels (e.g., Individual, Relationship, Community). SEM level themes were applied to create the Masculinity 10, a preliminary 10-item assessment to explore the influence of masculinity on MSM HIV risk behavior. To increase MSM engagement in HIV prevention and treatment, the influences of masculinity (e.g., attitude toward sexual minorities, appearance, emotion, temperament, substance use, sexual activity, social support, intimate relationships, health care) on HIV risk behavior should be further explored.

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