THE RESULTS OF ANALYTICAL METHODS APPLIED IN THE STUDY OF ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINED IN CARBONIFEROUS CLASTIC SEDIMENTS

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Duraj
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Clastic Sediments

scholarly journals Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil from different locations using infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Paíga ◽  
Lurdes Mendes ◽  
José Albergaria ◽  
Cristina Delerue-Matos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Ir Analysis

AbstractTotal petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are important environmental contaminants which are toxic to human and environmental receptors. Several analytical methods have been used to quantify TPH levels in contaminated soils, specifically through infrared spectrometry (IR) and gas chromatography (GC). Despite being two of the most used techniques, some issues remain that have been inadequately studied: a) applicability of both techniques to soils contaminated with two distinct types of fuel (petrol and diesel), b) influence of the soil natural organic matter content on the results achieved by various analytical methods, and c) evaluation of the performance of both techniques in analyses of soils with different levels of contamination (presumably non-contaminated and potentially contaminated). The main objectives of this work were to answer these questions and to provide more complete information about the potentials and limitations of GC and IR techniques. The results led us to the following conclusions: a) IR analysis of soils contaminated with petrol is not suitable due to volatilisation losses, b) there is a significant influence of organic matter in IR analysis, and c) both techniques demonstrated the capacity to accurately quantify TPH in soils, irrespective of their contamination levels.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Aridity-driven decoupling of δ13C between pedogenic carbonate and soil organic matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Da ◽  
Junfeng Ji ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pedogenic Carbonate

Descriptions of chronology and analytical methods, Figures S1–S5, and Tables S1–S3.<br>

Studies of Archaeological Bone Structure by Different Analytical Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 256-265
Author(s):  
V. Rudovica ◽  
A. Viksna ◽  
J. Katkevich ◽  
G. Zarina ◽  
J. Bitenieks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Bone Structure

Studies of Archaeological Bone Structure by Different Analytical Methods Preservation of the structure of archaeological bones was studied by examining their physicochemical properties. The mechanical properties, and conductivity porosity, crystallinity and content of organic material were evaluated. These parameters were established to be suitable for characterizing changes in the course of time of archaeological bone structure. The obtained results revealed that the elastic modulus and conductivity changes depended on the porosity of bones; and the increase in crystallinity was correlated with a loss of organic matter.

The partitioning of exchangeable magnesium, calcium and sodium in relation to their effects on the dispersion of Australian clay subsoils

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium ◽  
Chloride Method

Clay subsoils were analysed by a procedure that uses a choline chloride reagent to distinguish double-layer exchangeable cations from other more strongly adsorbed forms extractable by an ammonium sulfate reagent. In those clay subsoils that contained little organic matter, the exchangeable cations made up nearly all of the cations that reacted with salt solutions. This means that it makes no practical difference to values of Ca/Mg ratios, or of ESP, whether the analytical methods discriminate between those exchangeable cations and other adsorbed cations, or do not, provided the soil samples contain little organic matter. The adoption of the new choline chloride method will not make necessary any revision of the criteria already in use in Australia for sodium- or magnesium-affected subsoils. Some possible mechanisms for the deleterious effect that large amounts of exchangeable magnesium have on the properties of subsoil clays containing illite are discussed. It is shown that the single-charged cations MgCl+ or MgOH+ are not involved. The clays hold exchangeable magnesium slightly less strongly than they hold calcium, and this weaker binding remains the best explanation for the magnesium effect.

scholarly journals Geochemical characterization of clastic sediments sheds light on energy sources and on alleged anthropogenic impacts in cave ecosystems

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela Addesso ◽  
Jo De Waele ◽  
Simona Cafaro ◽  
Daniela Baldantoni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Cave Ecosystems ◽  
Oligotrophic Ecosystems

AbstractCaves are usually oligotrophic ecosystems, where the organic matter represents a limiting factor to the hypogeal community and sediments are often a significant energy source. With a view to identifying the energy input influencing the ecological processes occurring in caves, as well as the potential alteration sources of the natural equilibriums, geochemical features of several typologies of clastic sediments from the Pertosa-Auletta Cave (Italy) were investigated. The collected sediments, analyzed for a number of chemical (organic matter, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Zn concentrations) and mineralogical (quartz, calcite, dolomite, clay minerals) characteristics, showed a different composition. Overall, their origin is supposed to be allochthonous, related to the important fluviokarst activities interesting the cave in the past, whereas the abundance of calcitic and dolomitic compounds can be autochthonous, being the carbonate the main host rock. The highest concentrations of organic matter, together with C, Cu, Mo, N, P, Pb, S and Zn, highlighted in one sample composed mainly of bats guano, revealed an important bioavailable energy input as well as a pollutant accumulation, mainly of anthropogenic origin.

Exothermic effects in soils during thermal analysis

Clay Minerals ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Emmerich ◽  
W. Smykatz-Kloss
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Endothermic Effect ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Decisive Influence

AbstractThis paper addresses the application of thermal analytical methods (DTA/DSC/TG/ MS) in soil investigations, especially the interrelation of exothermic effects and analytical or preparative parameters. For the superimposed decomposition/ oxidation reactions of siderites, FeCO3, the heating rate is shown to have a decisive influence because low heating rates tend to suppress the endothermic effect. In mixtures of small amounts of organic matter (glucose and starch) with talc, the phyllosilicate acts as a catalyst by influencing the intensity of combustion of the organic matter.

scholarly journals Application of surface analytical methods for hazardous situation in the Adriatic Sea: monitoring of organic matter dynamics and oil pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galja Pletikapić ◽  
Nadica Ivošević DeNardis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode ◽  
Seawater Samples

Abstract. Surface analytical methods are applied to examine the environmental status of seawaters. The present overview emphasizes advantages of combining surface analytical methods, applied to a hazardous situation in the Adriatic Sea, such as monitoring of the first aggregation phases of dissolved organic matter in order to potentially predict the massive mucilage formation and testing of oil spill cleanup. Such an approach, based on fast and direct characterization of organic matter and its high-resolution visualization, sets a continuous-scale description of organic matter from micro- to nanometre scales. Electrochemical method of chronoamperometry at the dropping mercury electrode meets the requirements for monitoring purposes due to the simple and fast analysis of a large number of natural seawater samples enabling simultaneous differentiation of organic constituents. In contrast, atomic force microscopy allows direct visualization of biotic and abiotic particles and provides an insight into structural organization of marine organic matter at micro- and nanometre scales. In the future, merging data at different spatial scales, taking into account experimental input on micrometre scale, observations on metre scale and modelling on kilometre scale, will be important for developing sophisticated technological platforms for knowledge transfer, reports and maps applicable for the marine environmental protection and management of the coastal area, especially for tourism, fishery and cruiser trafficking.

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