Po głównej ulicy Grodna – miasta ostatniego sejmu Rzeczypospolitej (rekonstrukcja zabudowy ulicznej z końca XVIII wieku)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Viachaslau Shved
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Main Street ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Centre

This article is an attempt to reconstruct the main street of Grodno – a city of the last Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – in order to portray what could be seen by the residents and deputies to the Sejm which ratified the Second Partition of Poland. The author describes the buildings of the contemporary streets: E. Orzeszkowa Street, Soviet Street, Zamkovaya Street and Soviet Square. Reconstruction of the main (central) streets of Grodno’s historical centre shows that at the end of the 18th century the city was in a state of development, starting from its historical heart: Castle-Marketplace expanded its territory at the expense of the Horodnica and its surroundings. The first in the streets were the temples, magnate palaces, tenements of entrepreneurs and public buildings. Many of them or their owners were featured in the interesting novel by W. Reymont The Last Sejm of the Republic.

scholarly journals Armenian Church of the Holy Mother of God in Chisinau

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Sergius Ciocanu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Historic Monument ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

The documents attest the presence of an Armenian community in Chisinau since the ‘30s of the 18th century. In the 18th century, the Chisinau Armenians had a place of worship, located on the site of the present Armenian Church, in the “heart” of the city, on the first street parallel to the north-east side of the market square. In 1774, among the Chisinau Armenians, the priest Musuz was mentioned, who served in the Armenian Church. The temple was badly damaged by the fire that engulfed Chisinau during the military operations of 1788. The earthquake destroyed this place of worship on October 14, 1802. In 1803-1804, it was rebuilt in the same place. The construction manager and, possibly, the architect of the holy place, was master Vardan from Iaşi. According to the statistical documents of 1809, three priests and four deacons served in the Armenian church. The cemetery of Armenian community was located near the old Orthodox cemetery of the Mazarache church. However, some more important burials were also done in the churchyard of the Armenian church. During the XIX-XX centuries, the church underwent many alterations and renovations, which changed its appearance. In 1993, by the decision of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, this valuable building of Chisinau was given the status of historic monument.

Minimetrò in Perugia as leverage for urban regeneration

TERRITORIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Luca Fondacci
Keyword(s):  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Peripheral Area ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Centre

In the 1970s, the fragile historical centre of the city of Perugia was a key area where the binomial of sustainable mobility and urban regeneration was developed and applied. At the turn of the xxi century, the low carbon automatic people-mover Minimetrò broadened that application from the city's historical centre to the outskirts, promoting the enhancement of several urban environments. This paper is the outcome of an investigation of original sources, field surveys and direct interviews, which addresses the Minimetrò as the backbone of a wide regeneration process which has had a considerable impact on the economic development of a peripheral area of the city which was previously devoid of any clear urban sense. The conclusion proposes some solutions to improve the nature of the Minimetrò as an experimental alternative means of transport.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

Indicators of permanent teeth eruption in children of Tashkent city and comparative assessment with the data of peers of different Russian cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
R. T. Kamilova ◽  
J. A. Kamilov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Relevance. Characteristics of eruption of secondary teeth is of diagnostic and prognostic interest, is the basis for implementation of targeted therapeutic and preventive measures among children. No research has ever been carried out in Uzbekistan to study an age and gender regional features of secondary teeth eruption. The aim is to determine the timing and symmetry of secondary teeth eruption in children of the city of Tashkent of the Republic of Uzbekistan and comparative assessment with the children of different cities of Russia.Materials and methods. 3,834 children between 3 and 17 years were conducted dental examination. A comparative analysis was made of the initial, intermediate and final periods of eruption of secondary teeth for children of Uzbekistan (Tashkent city) and Russia (Saratov, Izhevsk and Sergach).Results. In Tashkent children of both gender, in most cases, lower teeth were erupted before than their antagonists. In girls, teeth were erupted earlier than their male counterparts. At the initial stage of eruption, asymmetry was more pronounced in boys than in girls, while in the middle and final stages it was more pronounced in the opposite direction. Observed asymmetry of antimere’s teeth were indicated left-handed permanent dentition in boys and right-handed in girls. Children of Tashkent city were observed permanent dentition in one group of teeth 1-16 months earlier, and in others – 1-24 months later than their peers in Russian cities. Revealed differences were more pronounced among boys than among girls. Children in Tashkent differed more from their peers in Sergach and less from those in Izhevsk. Conclusions. Regional peculiarities of permanent dentition in children of Tashkent city and revealed expressed differences with indicators of Russian children are the basis for development of separate age and  gender normative assessment permanent dentition tables for children of Uzbekistan. 

scholarly journals “His Soul Is Weeping inside That He Cannot Bury the Dead as before.” Plague and Rebellion in Debrecen (Hungary), 1739–1742

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Ildikó Sz. Kristóf
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Piety ◽  
The City

This is a historical anthropological study of a period of social and religious tensions in a Calvinist city in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 18th century. The last and greatest plague epidemic to devastate Hungary and Transylvania between cca. 1738 and 1743 led to a clash of different opinions and beliefs on the origin of the plague and ways of fighting it. Situated on the Great Hungarian Plain, the city of Debrecen saw not only frequent violations of the imposed lockdown measures among its inhabitants but also a major uprising in 1739. The author examines the historical sources (handwritten city records, written and printed regulations, criminal proceedings, and other documents) to be found in the Debrecen city archives, as well as the writings of the local Calvinist pastors published in the same town. The purpose of the study is to outline the main directions of interpretation concerning the plague and manifest in the urban uprising. According to the findings of the author, there was a stricter and chronologically earlier direction, more in keeping with local Puritanism in the second half of the 17th century, and there was also a more moderate and later one, more in line with the assumptions and expectations of late 18th-century medical science. While the former set of interpretations seems to have been founded especially on a so-called “internal” cure (i.e., religious piety and repentance), the latter proposed mostly “external” means (i.e., quarantine measures and herbal medicine) to avoid the plague and be rid of it. There seems to have existed, however, a third set of interpretations: that of folk beliefs and practices, i.e., sorcery and magic. According to the files, a number of so-called “wise women” also attempted to cure the plague-stricken by magical means. The third set of interpretations and their implied practices were not tolerated by either of the other two. The author provides a detailed micro-historical analysis of local events and the social and religious discourses into which they were embedded.

Study of Painting Materials and Techniques in the 18th Century St.Athanasius Church in Moschopolis, Albania

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Pavlidou ◽  
N. Civici ◽  
E. Caushi ◽  
L. Anastasiou ◽  
T. Zorba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Green Earth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
Compositional Characterization

AbstractIn this paper are presented the studies of the paint materials and the technique used in 18th century wall paintings, originated from the orthodox church of St Athanasius, in the city of Maschopolis, a flourishing economical and cultural center, in Albania. The church was painted in 1745 by Konstantinos and Athanasios Zografi, and during the last years, restoration activities are being performed at the church. Samples that included plasters and pigments of different colors were collected from important points of the wall paintings. Additionally, as some parts of the wall-paintings were over-painted, the analysis was extended to the compositional characterization of these areas. The identification of the used materials was done by using complementary analytical methods such as Optical Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (TXRF).The presence of calcite in almost all the pigments is indicative for the use of the fresco technique at the studied areas, while the detection of gypsum and calcium oxalate, indicates an environmental degradation along with a biodegradation. Common pigments used in this area at 15-16th centuries, such as cinnabar, green earth, manganese oxide, carbon black and calcite were identified.

Exile and the Republic: Thomas McGrath and the Legacy of Jefferson's America

Prospects ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
David Haven Blake
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Modernist Poetry ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Thomas Mcgrath ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Many ◽  
Usable Past ◽  
Willful Defiance

Of the many authorities Thomas McGrath rejected during his life, one of the most significant was the American Revolution, for his work explicitly questions the founders as a source of aesthetic and political creativity. “The National Past has its houses,” he writes in Letter to an Imaginary Friend, “but their fires have long gone out!” From his pronouncing the death of Virginia's deified presidents to his condemnation of the “local colorist” hunting for patriotic “HEADwaters” by which to camp, the poet's renunciation of the “false Past” amounts to a coherent commentary on the relations between American politics and modernist poetry (Letter, 315). E. P. Thompson has remarked in paving homage to his friend that “McGrath is a poet of alienation…. His trajectory has been that of willful defiance … At every point when the applause – anyone's applause, even the applause of the alienated – seemed about to salute him, he has taken a jagged fork to a wilderness of his own making.” Although his language strongly recalls that of Emerson's “Self-Reliance,” Thompson views McGrath as more than a romantic individualist. McGrath's alienation was not simply the estrangement that Marx saw afflicting all of capitalist society, nor was it a momentarily fashionable pose; rather, it was a calculated and thorough opposition to what Thompson calls “official culture” and its destruction of political, historical, and literary values. McGrath's refusal to make a “usable past” out of the American Revolution participates in this general defiance of “official culture,” as his work insistently reminds us that among the regular patrons of Monticello and Mt. Vernon were the many establishment poets well entrenched in bourgeois universities. In defying modernism's efforts to renovate the 18th century, McGrath makes a wilderness of his own, a wilderness which grows in opposition to the wellplowed fields of American empire.

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