EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN ASSAULT- BREACHING SUBUNIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Marek DEPCZYŃSKI ◽  
Wiesław KUCHTA
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Operational Art ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
The Military ◽  
Preferred Solutions

In the Russian military art, the effectiveness of combat operations is largely dependent on the capabilities of the military engineering. It can be assumed that the capabilities of engineering forces are one of the major determinants of the efficiency of military operations. Taking into account the assumptions of contemporary operational art and tactics, the military engineering forces are constantly evolving, which results in their adaptation to the changing requirements of the environment of the operations being carried out. In this light, urbanized areas, including large agglomerations, are supposed to be places where engineering tasks will be executed. Based on the experiences of modern armed conflicts, Russian military engineers are primarily prepared for actions in the built-up environment. In the opinion of Russian specialists, the implementation of tasks in urban agglomerations requires the involvement of subunits, which ensure the maintenance of maneuverability, thereby increasing the effectiveness of combat measures used. One of the preferred solutions is to form, mainly on the basis of engineering troops, specialist task forces as assault-breaching subunits. Such an approach to adjusting (modernizing) the Russian Federation’s military engineering forces to the requirements of modern warfare is not revolutionary, but a permanent evolutionary process.

Complex Battlespaces

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Aerial Systems

The conduct of warfare is constantly shaped by forces beyond the battlefield. These forces create complexities in the battlespace for military operations. The ever-changing nature of how and where wars are fought creates challenges for the application of the unchanging body of international law that regulates armed conflicts. The term “complex” is often used to describe modern warfare, but what makes modern warfare complex? Is it the increasingly urbanized battlefield where wars are fought, which is cluttered with civilians and civilian objects? Is it the rise of State-like organized armed groups that leverage the governance vacuum created by failed or failing States? Is it the introduction of new technologies to military operations like autonomous weapons, cyber capabilities, and unmanned aerial systems? Or is it the application of multiple legal regimes to a single conflict? Collectively, these questions formed the basis for the Complex Battlespaces Workshop in which legal scholars and experts from the field of practice came together to discuss these complexities. During the workshop, there was a general consensus that the existing law was sufficient to regulate modern warfare. The challenge, however, arises in application of the law to new technologies, military operations in urban environments, and other issues related to applying international human rights law and international humanitarian law to non-international armed conflicts. This inaugural volume of the Lieber Book Series seeks to address many of the complexities that arise during the application of international law to modern warfare.

scholarly journals Utilization of health services for skin disorders during military operations. A population- based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Horev ◽  
Shanny Edan-Reuven ◽  
Ron Eshel ◽  
Lena Novack
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Utilization Of Health Services ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
The Military

In addition to the immediate casualties of armed conflicts, their indirect impact may bring even more damage by causing malfunctioning of health systems and impaired access to diagnosis and treatment. We conducted a population-based study, to assess the utilization rates of health services due to skin disorders, among civilians exposed to missile attacks and siren alarms during three military operations in Israel. The study was designed as a natural experiment, whereas periods of military operations were compared to the non-military times. During the military operations, when sirens and missiles were an everyday experience, the number of visits to dermatologists was 1.07-1.16 times lower [Relative Risk (RR)=0.86-0.92] as compared to the non-military periods, especially evident for patients residing closer to the military zone, where it dropped almost 2- folds (RR=0.52). Although perceived nonurgent in their majority, the routine care should not be delayed to prevent more serious skin conditions.

The Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross (V)

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (214) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Jean Pictet
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
The Military

The principle goes on to state that the Red Cross may not take sides in hostilities. This refers to neutrality in the military domain, and this is indeed the initial understanding of neutrality.The affirmation is an obvious one, but it is nonetheless essential. Some people have found it too laconic, even curt. It is true enough that the expression should apply to all forms of conflict and not only to military operations in the narrow sense. Furthermore, it should cover not only conflicts between nations but also civil wars and internal disorders. It might accordingly be better to say, the Red Cross may not take sides in armed conflicts of any kind.

Fear: Soldiers and Emotion in Early Twentieth-Century Russian Military Psychology

Slavic Review ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Plamper
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Military Psychology ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Nikita Khrushchev ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
The Military

This article provides an analysis of the locus of fear in military psychology in late imperial Russia. After the Russo-Japanese War and the 1905 Revolution, the debate coalesced around two poles: “realists” (such as the military psychiatrist Grigorii Shumkov) argued that fear was natural, while “romantics” upheld the image of constitutionally fearless soldiers. Jan Plamper begins by identifying the advent of modern warfare (foreshadowed by the Crimean War) and its engendering of more and different fears as a key cause for a dramatic increase in fear-talk among Russia's soldiers. He links these fears to literature, which offered—most prominentiy in Lev Tolstoi's Sevastopol Sketches (1855)—some of the vocabulary soldiers could use to express their fears. Mikhail Dragomirov's fear-centered military theory during the Great Reforms was the next milestone. Plamper closes by sketching the history of fear after World War I, from Iosif Stalin's penal battalions to the rehabilitation of military psychology under Nikita Khrushchev and beyond.

THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN MILITARY INVOLVEMENT IN THE WAR IN SYRIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Tomasz WÓJTOWICZ ◽  
Izabela BARSZNICA ◽  
Kamil DRĄG
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Military Involvement ◽  
Middle East Conflict ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
Human Losses

The Russian military intervention in Syria, conducted between September 2015 and March 2016, was one of the crucial moments in the Middle East conflict which has evolved since 2011. It not only prevented the collapse of the regime of Bashar al-Assad but also enabled the initiative to be taken by the Syrian Arab Army. The simultaneous conducting of two military operations by the Russian army, i.e. the Russian involvement in both Ukraine and the Middle East, requires thorough investigations into the course of these operations. Such investigations may provide answers to a number of questions which appear of key importance to Poland, e.g., regarding Russia’s logistic and technological abilities to conduct military operations outside its territory, the military outcomes of the Russian intervention, and the potential social opposition to the human losses sustained by Russia as a result of such interventions. Considering the above, the aim of this article is to outline the Russian military intervention in Syria, and its influence on the course of the war. Special attention was paid to such issues as the causes behind the Russian intervention, the situation on the Syrian war frontlines prior to this intervention, the Russian forces engaged and the resources intended for this military operation, as well as its outcome.

scholarly journals FIRST BATTLE LINE ON SALONICA FRONT 1916-1918

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1578
Author(s):  
Oliver Cackov
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World ◽  
Central Forces

During the First World War Macedonia in its ethnic borders was a space of bloody fights of the Great Powers and their struggle for world domination and colonial empires. The front line on the territory of Macedonia, known as the Front of Macedonia, whose length was several hundred kilometers long, stretched predominantly through the mountainous areas at an altitude of over 2,000 meters where the armed conflicts, between the forces of the Entente and the Central Powers took place. The immediate cause of the formation of the Macedonian Front was the failure of the Dardanelles Operation, when troops from Galipola were transferred to Thessaloniki. The Macedonian front was the only allied front where the only command had been operating throughout its existence. At the beginning, the main command was held by the General Moris Saraj. The paper deals with the tragedy of the cities and the population, and the mountain heights that were located on the first frontline of the Macedonian Front, with huge destruction and devastation from everyday artillery and air strikes. Bitola as an important communication point was constantly exposed to bombardment, and many of the surrounding villages disappeared forever. Only a few kilometers southeast of Bitola is the top Kajmakcalan, where there were also fierce fighting with many casualties and terrible devastation. The Battle of Kajmakcalan as part of the military operations of the Macedonian Front is one of the great battles of the First World War. In the history, the Battle of Kajmakchalan has been observed according to the great number of dead and wounded and the altitude where it took place. The breathtaking legendary city of Dojran and its surroundings, located in the center of the demarcation (front line), was completely destroyed. The residents of Dojran, on the orders of the Central Forces who were stationed there, left their homes and left in other Macedonian cities, but also in Serbia and Bulgaria, before the very beginning of the "Dojran Front".

The Use of Force in Armed Conflicts Conduct of Hostilities, Law Enforcement, and Self-Defense

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-108
Author(s):  
Gloria Gaggioli
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Modern Warfare

In modern warfare, military forces are expected to use lethal or potentially lethal force in a variety of contexts ranging from combat operations against the adversary to maintaining law and order or responding to imminent threats to life or limb. In practice, it may not be easy to distinguish between these various situations, which may overlap, as for instance when fighters hide among rioting civilians or demonstrators. Situations of violence may also be volatile and quickly evolve from mere civilian unrest to armed clashes. This factual or operational complexity is accompanied by a legal complexity. Different legal regimes and “paradigms” govern the use of force. From an international law perspective, the use of force by armed forces and law enforcement officials is governed by two different paradigms: the conduct of hostilities paradigm, derived from international humanitarian law (IHL), and the law enforcement paradigm, mainly derived from international human rights law (IHRL). Additionally, armed forces frequently refer to the concept of self-defense at various levels (State, unit, personal) as encompassed in numerous rules of engagement. The legal sources of these concepts and interplay with IHL and HRL remain often unsettled and deserve being clarified. This chapter aims at addressing the legal complexities in identifying governing use of force rules through the analysis of various situations/scenarios that are typical of contemporary military operations.

Russian military doctrine will not improve NATO ties

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Doctrine ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The West ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Military Procurement ◽  
Operational Art ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military

Subject Russian military doctrine. Significance The Russian government adopted a new military doctrine on December 26. Everything from military procurement decisions to force structuring flows from this foundational strategy document. However, the military fundamentals are largely unchanged from the 2010 version, despite much tougher language on the threats and risks to Russia and some updates to reflect changes to Russian operational art. As a result, the new doctrine is best seen as a political document, reflecting Moscow's increasingly and openly hostile perspective on the West. Impacts There are no substantive changes to overall pace and direction of military reform due to new doctrine but certain projects may be delayed. The document does affirm Russia's growing commitment to hybrid and information war. The doctrine enshrines the new Kremlin view that Russia faces an continuing campaign by West to limit its authority.

scholarly journals Contemporary International Legal Regime For Environmental Protection During Armed Conflicts

2021 ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Yana Pavko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Main Task ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military

Introduction. The article is devoted to defining the features of the contemporary international legal regime for environmental protection during armed conflicts. It analyzes the main international treaties and acts of a recommendatory nature related to the protection of the environment from its destruction during hostilities. Based on the views of domestic and foreign scientists, the author made proposals to improve the international legal regime for environmental protection in relation to armed conflicts. The aim of the article. The purpose of scientific research is to determine the features of the contemporary international legal regime for environmental protection during armed conflicts by conducting a comprehensive analysis of international treaties and acts of a recommendatory nature relevant to the protection of the environment during hostilities. Results. International treaties that directly or indirectly regulate environmental issues in relation to armed conflicts canʼt ensure its effective protection. Of course, the international legal regime for the protection of the environment during hostilities requires improvement in order to preserve the environment for present and future generations. This study is especially relevant in the context of Russian military aggression against Ukraine. There is a looming threat of a ecological disaster on the temporarily occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Conclusions. The contemporary international legal regime for environmental protection during armed conflicts has both advantages and disadvantages. In order to ensure effective mechanisms for environmental protection during armed conflicts, itʼs necessary to develop and adopt an universal international treaty that would resolve all disputes in this area and establish international legal responsibility for the crime of ecocide. From our point of view, the main task for Ukraine is to bring Russia and its officials to justice for the damage caused to the environment since the beginning of the military aggression against our state and restore the affected regions with the support of European states.

scholarly journals How do interpreters become heroes? Narratives on Soviet/Russian military interpreters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Probirskaja
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military

This article identifies narratives, or storylines, which represent Soviet/Russian wartime/military interpreters.  The data include the autobiographical writings of interpreters, documentaries, media articles, scholarly articles, and websites. The examination of the data proceeds to some extent in accordance with the narrative typology provided by Mona Baker (2006), that is, from general to personal narratives, with the assumption that personal narratives are embedded in collective narratives. The positioning of wartime interpreters participating in the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) is compared to that of military interpreters participating in the military operations of the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s. A narrative reading of the data uncovers the storylines that portray wartime/military interpreters as quiet war heroes.

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