Force-time characteristics during an explosive isometric gripping task: effects of a 10-week introductory judo course

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Michael B. La Monica ◽  
David H. Fukuda ◽  
Tyler W.D. Muddle ◽  
Kyle S. Beyer ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 10-week introductory Judo class on force-time characteristics during an explosive isometric gripping task. Material and methods. Twenty-two healthy men and women (age: 21.8±3.2yr; height: 169.6±7.4cm; body mass: 75.4±13.2 kg), 10 in an introductory judo class and 12 age-matched controls, were recruited for this study. All participants performed three five-second maximal voluntary contractions with their right hand on a handgrip dynamometer in a neutral stance before and after the 10-week intervention. The variables measured were: peak force (PF), average force (AVGF), average force to 90%PF (AVG90), rate of force development (PRFD), time to PF (TPF), force at PRFD (F@PRFD), and impulse [area under the curve for the first second (AUC1) and the first two seconds (AUC2)]. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) was used to determine differences in all variables between groups (judo vs. control) prior to and following the intervention period. Results. No differences were observed between groups within any variable. Conclusions. A 10-week introductory judo class did not have an effect on force-time characteristics during an explosive isometric gripping task. Future studies should examine longer/more intense interventions or examine novice versus experienced judoka.

scholarly journals Utility of acute phase proteins as biomarkers of transport stress in ewes and beef cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Vincenzo Ferrantelli ◽  
Antonello Cicero ◽  
Stefania Casella ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Transport Stress

The effect of transport on serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), Fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC) was evaluated in 10 ewes and 10 beef cattle. All animals were transported by road for 6 h over a distance of about 490 km with an average speed of 80 km/h. Blood samples, collected via jugular venepuncture, were obtained before and after transport as well as after 12, 24 and 48 h rest time. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect of sampling time on SAA, Hp, and WBC in ewes and beef cattle. Based on these results, Hp and SAA levels, together with WBC, may be useful indicators of animal health and welfare and in predicting the risk assessment in meat inspection.

scholarly journals Effects of Intermittent and Continuous Static Stretching on Range of Motion and Musculotendinous Viscoelastic Properties Based on a Duration-Matched Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10632
Author(s):  
Kensuke Oba ◽  
Mina Samukawa ◽  
Yosuke Abe ◽  
Yukino Suzuki ◽  
Miho Komatsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Constant Torque ◽  
Resistive Torque ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Musculotendinous Stiffness ◽  
Torque Angle

The different effects of intermittent and continuous stretching on the mechanical properties of the musculotendinous complex have been unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of intermittent and continuous stretching for the same duration on the range of motion (ROM), passive resistive torque (PRT), and musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) of ankle plantar flexors. Eighteen healthy young men participated in the study. Intermittent (four sets × 30 s) and continuous stretching (one set × 120 s) were performed in random orders on two separate days. Both stretching protocols were conducted using a dynamometer with a constant torque applied. ROM and PRT were determined using a dynamometer, and MTS was calculated using the torque–angle relationship measured before and after stretching. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for all parameters. Both intermittent and continuous stretching significantly increased ROM and decreased PRT and MTS (p < 0.05). Intermittent stretching led to greater changes in ROM and PRT than continuous stretching. However, the reduction in MTS did not differ between the two conditions. These results suggest that intermittent stretching is more effective in increasing ROM and changing the mechanical properties of the musculotendinous complex.

Immediate changes in chest mobility and trunk muscle activity during pelvic tilt following different trunk muscle exercises

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kazuma Uebayashi ◽  
Yu Okubo ◽  
Takuya Nishikawa ◽  
Taro Morikami ◽  
Jindo Hatanaka
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Posterior Tilt ◽  
Increased Activity

BACKGROUND: Given the characteristics of the superficial trunk muscles that cross the chest and pelvis, their excessive contraction might limit chest mobility. OBJECTIVE: To examine the immediate effects of two types of trunk muscle exercises on chest mobility and trunk muscle activities. METHODS: Fourteen healthy men (age: 21.1 ± 1.0 years, height: 172.7 ± 5.6 cm, weight: 61.0 ± 7.1 kg, body mass index: 20.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2; mean ± SD) randomly performed trunk side flexion and draw-in exercises using a cross-over design. The chest kinematic data and trunk muscle activities were measured before and after each intervention during the following tasks: maximum inspiration/expiration and maximum pelvic anterior/posterior tilt while standing. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis (P< 0.05). RESULTS: After the side flexion, upper and lower chest mobility significantly decreased, and superficial trunk muscle activity significantly increased during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt (P< 0.05). Additionally, after the draw-in, upper chest mobility significantly increased during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased activity of the superficial abdominal muscles might limit chest mobility during maximum pelvic anterior tilt. Conversely, the facilitation of deep trunk muscles might increase upper chest mobility during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt.

scholarly journals Highland Dance: Heart-Rate and Blood Lactate Differences Between Competition and Class

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Baillie ◽  
Matt Wyon ◽  
Andrew Head
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After

Purpose:This study looked at the physiological effects of performance in Highland-dance competition to consider whether the traditional methods used during class and rehearsal provide an appropriate training stimulus toward this performance.Methods:Nine championship standard, female Highland dancers (age 14.2 ± 1.47 years) had their heart rate and blood lactate concentrations measured before and after 3 dances during a championship competition. Heart rate was also measured during the same 3 dances in rehearsal and during class.Results:Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in pre dance lactate concentrations between the first dance (Highland Fling, 1.4 ± 0.3 mM/L), the second dance (Sword dance, 2.3 ± 0.8 mM/L), and the third dance (Sean Truibhas, 3.5 ± 1.8 mM/L; F2,16 = 11.72, P < .01. This, coupled with a significant rise in lactate concentration during the dances (F1,8 = 76.75, P < .001), resulted in a final post dance lactate concentration of 7.3 ± 2.96 mM/L. Heart-rate data during competition, rehearsal, and class (195.0 ± 6.5, 172.6 ± 5.4, and 151.9 ± 7.4 beats/min, respectively) showed significant differences between all 3 (F2,16 = 107.1, P < .001); these are comparable to research on other dance forms.Conclusions:Given the disparity between the anaerobic predominance of competition and the aerobic predominance during class, it is suggested that the class does not provide an appropriate training stimulus as preparation for competitive performance in Highland dance.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Pigmentations and Accelerated Aging on the Hardness and Tear Strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 Silicones

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefânia Marrega Malavazi ◽  
Daniela Micheline dos Santos ◽  
Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto ◽  
Fernanda Pereira de Caxias ◽  
Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hardness Values

Objective. To evaluate the influence of different pigmentations and accelerated aging on the hardness and tear strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 silicones. Materials and Methods. The samples A-2186 and MDX4-4210 were manufactured without and with pigmentations (black, bronze, and pink). For the Shore A hardness test, 80 samples of each silicone were fabricated, and for the tear strength test, 320 samples of each silicone were fabricated. Eight groups were created for each test (n = 10). These tests were performed before and after 252, 504, and 1008 hours of aging. Three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05). Results. The A-2186 silicone showed higher hardness and tear strength when compared with the MDX4-4210 silicone p<0.05, except in the hardness of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 groups without pigmentation after 1008 hours p>0.05. All hardness values were between 25 and 35 units, regardless of the silicone type, period, and pigmentation (or no pigmentation). In most situations, the hardness of silicones used increased after 252 hours p<0.05. The nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group and all A-2186 groups showed an increase in tear strength after 252 hours p<0.05. For the nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group, from 252 to 1008 hours, there was no change in tear strength p>0.05. All pigmented MDX4-4210 groups showed no change in tear strength from 0 (initial) to 1008 hours of aging p>0.05. In all A-2186 groups, from 252 to 504 hours, there was a reduction in tear strength p<0.05, and from 504 to 1008 hours, there was an increase in tear strength p<0.05, except in the bronze A-2186 group p>0.05. Conclusion. In most situations, the A-2186 silicone showed significantly higher values of hardness and tear strength than the MDX4-4210 silicone. All hardness values were considered clinically acceptable. Accelerated aging could increase, decrease, or not significantly change the hardness and tear strength of the silicones used. The results of hardness and tear strength suggest that MDX4-4210 was more influenced by the presence of pigmentation after aging.

Stress in Migrant Farmworkers During Premigration

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn M. Clingerman ◽  
Adama Brown
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle School Education ◽  
Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Education Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pilot Feasibility Study

Purpose: This study explored the relationship between migrant farmworker (MFW) stress and salivary cortisol (sC) in a sample of MFWs prior to migration. Sample: The sample, 40 ( N = 14 male, 26 female) adult MFWs residing in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, primarily comprised middle-aged immigrants with a middle-school education. Design: This pilot feasibility study included a self-report farmworker stress inventory and five serial sC specimens in 24 hr. Results: The sC measures reflected an expected diurnal pattern. Lower total cortisol (area under the curve with respect to ground) was significantly associated with greater waist circumference ( r = –.63, p ≤ .01). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that participants who perceived high levels of farmworker stress exhibited a significant change in sC over time; F(2.14, 72.65) = 43.90, p < .001. High- and low-perceived-stress groups differed significantly in the trajectory of changes in sC over the five time points. Conclusion: MFWs experienced significant levels of stress during premigration. Their sC responses varied significantly by level of perceived farmworker stress. Lower perceived stress may reflect blunting of the sC response pattern.

scholarly journals Effects of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: 30-month Follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL de Geus ◽  
E Fernández ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Dental Prophylaxis ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Objective: This clinical study evaluated the color longevity after 30 months of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: Sixty patients, 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers, were subjected to bleaching with 10% CP (Whiteness Perfect–FGM) for three hours daily for three weeks. The color was measured at baseline and at one month and 30 months after the completion of dental bleaching using the shade guide Vita classical organized by value (ΔSGU) and the shade guide Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. At the 30-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. Data from color evaluation were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test for the contrast of means (α=0.05). Results: Twenty-one smokers and 22 nonsmokers attended the 30 month recall. For both shade guides, only the main factor of assessment time was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). Effective whitening was observed in both groups at the baseline, which was stable at one month. However, color rebound was observed after 30 months for both groups of participants when color was measured before and after dental prophylaxis. Conclusion: Thirty months after at-home bleaching with 10% CP gel, dental darkening was detected in both groups, which cannot be solely attributed to stains caused by extrinsic staining from daily food, drinks, and smoke (in smokers).

scholarly journals The Effect of AcuteRhodiola roseaIngestion on Exercise Heart Rate, Substrate Utilisation, Mood State, and Perceptions of Exertion, Arousal, and Pleasure/Displeasure in Active Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Neil D. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Substrate Utilisation ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acuteRhodiola rosea(R. rosea) ingestion on substrate utilisation, mood state, RPE, and exercise affect. Ten males (mean age ± S.D. = 26 ± 6 years) completed two 30-minute cycling trials at an intensity of 70% ofV˙O2max⁡following ingestion of either 3 mg·kg−1body mass ofR. roseaor placebo using a double-blind, crossover design. During exercise, heart rate and RPE were recorded. Participants completed measures of mood state and exercise affect before and after exercise. Expired air samples were taken during exercise to determine substrate utilisation. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that RPE was significantly lower at 30 minutes into exercise versus placebo (P=0.003). Perceptions of arousal (P=0.05) and pleasure were significantly higher after exercise withR. roseacompared to placebo (P=0.003). Mood state scores for vigor were also higher inR. roseacondition compared to placebo (P=0.008). There were no significant differences in energy expenditure, carbohydrate, or fat oxidation between conditions (P>0.05). Ingestion ofR. roseafavourably influenced RPE and exercise affect without changes in energy expenditure or substrate utilization during 30-minute submaximal cycling performance.

Impact of a Long Run on Injury-Related Biomechanics with Relation to Weekly Mileage in Trained Male Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max R. Paquette ◽  
Daniel A. Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
The Relationship

The purposes of this study were to compare selected biomechanical variables before and after a long run, and to assess the relationship between weekly running volume and changes in lower limb biomechanics after the run. Twelve trained habitual rearfoot strike male runners ran overground before and after a treadmill long run while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Cohen’s d effect sizes were used to compare kinematic and kinetic variables before and after the run. Loading rate was 6% higher after the run (p < .05) but this difference had a small effect size (d = .32). Moderate effects were found for a 25% increase in peak ankle eversion (d = 0.62) and a 10% increase in hip adduction (d = 0.60) after the run. These findings suggest that the completion of a submaximal long run does not yield potentially injurious lower limb biomechanics in uninjured rearfoot strike runners. Weekly running mileage was not correlated to biomechanical changes observed before and after the long run. Since biomechanical responses to the long run varied among runners, differences in other factors such as specific training regimens and neuromuscular control should be considered in future studies.

scholarly journals Effect of a Single Bout of Intermittent versus Continuous Walking on Perceptions of Fatigue in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herb Karpatkin ◽  
Adam Rzetelny
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Within Subjects

Fatigue may limit the ability of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to participate in walking exercises, which could ultimately reduce their benefit from physical therapy. An exercise program that minimizes the fatigue experienced by people with MS during exercise may lead to an increase in the amount of exercise being performed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjective feelings of fatigue differ in people with MS depending on whether they exercised intermittently or continuously. Using a within-subjects, counterbalanced crossover design, a sample of 30 individuals with MS performed 6 minutes of continuous and 6 minutes of intermittent walking 1 week apart. Fatigue was measured on the Visual Analogue Scale of Fatigue (VASF) and recorded before and after the walking conditions. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the potential effects of intermittent versus continuous walking on self-reported fatigue. A significant interaction revealed that pre-post mean self-ratings of fatigue on the VASF increased less in the intermittent condition (from 37.93 mm to 44.83 mm; difference = 6.90 mm) compared with the continuous condition (from 34.33 mm to 54.43 mm: difference = 20.10 mm) (P &lt; .001), suggesting that patients experienced less fatigue in the intermittent condition despite walking an equivalent total duration. The interaction effect was not influenced by age, gender, disease severity or duration, use of antispasticity medication, use of assistive devices, or mood. The results suggest that people with MS may be more tolerant of, and able to perform, greater amounts of exercise if they exercise intermittently.

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