scholarly journals Effect of a Single Bout of Intermittent versus Continuous Walking on Perceptions of Fatigue in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herb Karpatkin ◽  
Adam Rzetelny
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Within Subjects

Fatigue may limit the ability of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to participate in walking exercises, which could ultimately reduce their benefit from physical therapy. An exercise program that minimizes the fatigue experienced by people with MS during exercise may lead to an increase in the amount of exercise being performed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjective feelings of fatigue differ in people with MS depending on whether they exercised intermittently or continuously. Using a within-subjects, counterbalanced crossover design, a sample of 30 individuals with MS performed 6 minutes of continuous and 6 minutes of intermittent walking 1 week apart. Fatigue was measured on the Visual Analogue Scale of Fatigue (VASF) and recorded before and after the walking conditions. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the potential effects of intermittent versus continuous walking on self-reported fatigue. A significant interaction revealed that pre-post mean self-ratings of fatigue on the VASF increased less in the intermittent condition (from 37.93 mm to 44.83 mm; difference = 6.90 mm) compared with the continuous condition (from 34.33 mm to 54.43 mm: difference = 20.10 mm) (P < .001), suggesting that patients experienced less fatigue in the intermittent condition despite walking an equivalent total duration. The interaction effect was not influenced by age, gender, disease severity or duration, use of antispasticity medication, use of assistive devices, or mood. The results suggest that people with MS may be more tolerant of, and able to perform, greater amounts of exercise if they exercise intermittently.

scholarly journals Effect of Aerobic Exercise Program on Quality of Life in Male Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Dehestani Ardakani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise program on quality of life in multiple sclerosis men as a complementary therapeutic approach to multiple sclerosis. Methods: This was a semi-experimental study. The statistical sample consisted of 60 people was selected by the available sampling method from Kahrizak Nursing Home where was also a member of the Iranian MS society. They were randomly divided into control and test groups. After an introductory session of the patients with the aims and intervention method in the experimental group, 27 sessions of 60 minutes of aerobic exercise program were performed in 9 weeks. Data collection tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire, a short quality of life (SF-8) questionnaire, and self-report checklist with a significant level of p≤0.05. Descriptive statistical tests, independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for analysis using SPSS version 16 statistical software with a significance level of p≤0.05. Results: The results showed that there was no significant different between the two groups in terms of the total score (df = 48 = T 21.1, p = 0.23) and dimensions of quality of life (Physical: df = 48, T = 1.31, p = 0.19; mental: df = 48, t = 0.96, p = 0.31) There was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of quality of life dimensions. Conclusion: In general, aerobic exercise, which was chosen as an exercise program in this study, improves the quality of life of multiple sclerosis patients. Therefore, this complementary therapeutic approach is recommended as an effective and cost-effective method in cost and time, as well as the ability to learn and easy to administer to multiple sclerosis patients.

scholarly journals Utility of acute phase proteins as biomarkers of transport stress in ewes and beef cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Vincenzo Ferrantelli ◽  
Antonello Cicero ◽  
Stefania Casella ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Transport Stress

The effect of transport on serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), Fibrinogen and white blood cells (WBC) was evaluated in 10 ewes and 10 beef cattle. All animals were transported by road for 6 h over a distance of about 490 km with an average speed of 80 km/h. Blood samples, collected via jugular venepuncture, were obtained before and after transport as well as after 12, 24 and 48 h rest time. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect of sampling time on SAA, Hp, and WBC in ewes and beef cattle. Based on these results, Hp and SAA levels, together with WBC, may be useful indicators of animal health and welfare and in predicting the risk assessment in meat inspection.

scholarly journals Effects of Intermittent and Continuous Static Stretching on Range of Motion and Musculotendinous Viscoelastic Properties Based on a Duration-Matched Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10632
Author(s):  
Kensuke Oba ◽  
Mina Samukawa ◽  
Yosuke Abe ◽  
Yukino Suzuki ◽  
Miho Komatsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Constant Torque ◽  
Resistive Torque ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Musculotendinous Stiffness ◽  
Torque Angle

The different effects of intermittent and continuous stretching on the mechanical properties of the musculotendinous complex have been unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of intermittent and continuous stretching for the same duration on the range of motion (ROM), passive resistive torque (PRT), and musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) of ankle plantar flexors. Eighteen healthy young men participated in the study. Intermittent (four sets × 30 s) and continuous stretching (one set × 120 s) were performed in random orders on two separate days. Both stretching protocols were conducted using a dynamometer with a constant torque applied. ROM and PRT were determined using a dynamometer, and MTS was calculated using the torque–angle relationship measured before and after stretching. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for all parameters. Both intermittent and continuous stretching significantly increased ROM and decreased PRT and MTS (p < 0.05). Intermittent stretching led to greater changes in ROM and PRT than continuous stretching. However, the reduction in MTS did not differ between the two conditions. These results suggest that intermittent stretching is more effective in increasing ROM and changing the mechanical properties of the musculotendinous complex.

Immediate changes in chest mobility and trunk muscle activity during pelvic tilt following different trunk muscle exercises

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kazuma Uebayashi ◽  
Yu Okubo ◽  
Takuya Nishikawa ◽  
Taro Morikami ◽  
Jindo Hatanaka
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Posterior Tilt ◽  
Increased Activity

BACKGROUND: Given the characteristics of the superficial trunk muscles that cross the chest and pelvis, their excessive contraction might limit chest mobility. OBJECTIVE: To examine the immediate effects of two types of trunk muscle exercises on chest mobility and trunk muscle activities. METHODS: Fourteen healthy men (age: 21.1 ± 1.0 years, height: 172.7 ± 5.6 cm, weight: 61.0 ± 7.1 kg, body mass index: 20.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2; mean ± SD) randomly performed trunk side flexion and draw-in exercises using a cross-over design. The chest kinematic data and trunk muscle activities were measured before and after each intervention during the following tasks: maximum inspiration/expiration and maximum pelvic anterior/posterior tilt while standing. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis (P< 0.05). RESULTS: After the side flexion, upper and lower chest mobility significantly decreased, and superficial trunk muscle activity significantly increased during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt (P< 0.05). Additionally, after the draw-in, upper chest mobility significantly increased during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased activity of the superficial abdominal muscles might limit chest mobility during maximum pelvic anterior tilt. Conversely, the facilitation of deep trunk muscles might increase upper chest mobility during the maximum pelvic anterior tilt.

scholarly journals Highland Dance: Heart-Rate and Blood Lactate Differences Between Competition and Class

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Baillie ◽  
Matt Wyon ◽  
Andrew Head
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Heart Rate Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After

Purpose:This study looked at the physiological effects of performance in Highland-dance competition to consider whether the traditional methods used during class and rehearsal provide an appropriate training stimulus toward this performance.Methods:Nine championship standard, female Highland dancers (age 14.2 ± 1.47 years) had their heart rate and blood lactate concentrations measured before and after 3 dances during a championship competition. Heart rate was also measured during the same 3 dances in rehearsal and during class.Results:Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in pre dance lactate concentrations between the first dance (Highland Fling, 1.4 ± 0.3 mM/L), the second dance (Sword dance, 2.3 ± 0.8 mM/L), and the third dance (Sean Truibhas, 3.5 ± 1.8 mM/L; F2,16 = 11.72, P < .01. This, coupled with a significant rise in lactate concentration during the dances (F1,8 = 76.75, P < .001), resulted in a final post dance lactate concentration of 7.3 ± 2.96 mM/L. Heart-rate data during competition, rehearsal, and class (195.0 ± 6.5, 172.6 ± 5.4, and 151.9 ± 7.4 beats/min, respectively) showed significant differences between all 3 (F2,16 = 107.1, P < .001); these are comparable to research on other dance forms.Conclusions:Given the disparity between the anaerobic predominance of competition and the aerobic predominance during class, it is suggested that the class does not provide an appropriate training stimulus as preparation for competitive performance in Highland dance.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Pigmentations and Accelerated Aging on the Hardness and Tear Strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 Silicones

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefânia Marrega Malavazi ◽  
Daniela Micheline dos Santos ◽  
Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto ◽  
Fernanda Pereira de Caxias ◽  
Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hardness Values

Objective. To evaluate the influence of different pigmentations and accelerated aging on the hardness and tear strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 silicones. Materials and Methods. The samples A-2186 and MDX4-4210 were manufactured without and with pigmentations (black, bronze, and pink). For the Shore A hardness test, 80 samples of each silicone were fabricated, and for the tear strength test, 320 samples of each silicone were fabricated. Eight groups were created for each test (n = 10). These tests were performed before and after 252, 504, and 1008 hours of aging. Three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05). Results. The A-2186 silicone showed higher hardness and tear strength when compared with the MDX4-4210 silicone p<0.05, except in the hardness of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 groups without pigmentation after 1008 hours p>0.05. All hardness values were between 25 and 35 units, regardless of the silicone type, period, and pigmentation (or no pigmentation). In most situations, the hardness of silicones used increased after 252 hours p<0.05. The nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group and all A-2186 groups showed an increase in tear strength after 252 hours p<0.05. For the nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group, from 252 to 1008 hours, there was no change in tear strength p>0.05. All pigmented MDX4-4210 groups showed no change in tear strength from 0 (initial) to 1008 hours of aging p>0.05. In all A-2186 groups, from 252 to 504 hours, there was a reduction in tear strength p<0.05, and from 504 to 1008 hours, there was an increase in tear strength p<0.05, except in the bronze A-2186 group p>0.05. Conclusion. In most situations, the A-2186 silicone showed significantly higher values of hardness and tear strength than the MDX4-4210 silicone. All hardness values were considered clinically acceptable. Accelerated aging could increase, decrease, or not significantly change the hardness and tear strength of the silicones used. The results of hardness and tear strength suggest that MDX4-4210 was more influenced by the presence of pigmentation after aging.

Effects of Frequency, Duration of Study Trial, and Total Duration of Exposure on Affective Judgments

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary G. Marcus ◽  
Karl L. Hakmiller
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Study Trial ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Affective Ratings ◽  
Within Subjects

Studies of frequency and duration of exposure of stimuli, e.g., Chinese characters, Turkish words, faces, paintings, have traditionally been factorial, resulting in confounding among the parameters of frequency, duration of study trial, and total duration of exposure. This study attempted to separate the effects of these variables on affective ratings. 60 male and female introductory psychology students served as subjects. The stimuli were slides of female nudes. There were three comparison conditions, each of which was itself a within-subjects design in which two levels of two variables were established and repeated measures made for a given subject. Subjects viewed the slides and then rated them on attractiveness. Results indicate that, if total duration of exposure is held constant, no changes in judgments of attractiveness occur whereas, if total duration increases and duration of study trial or frequency increases concurrently, increases in ratings of attractiveness, or affect, will occur.

scholarly journals Effect of Resistance Training with Different Intensities on Airway Resistance Indices and Fatigue and Muscular Endurance in Women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Balavi ◽  
Mohsen Ghanbarzade
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Training Exercises

Background: Airways resistance and broncho-spasm due to exercise are very common. Factors such as exercise, temperature, humidity, air pollution, and disease affect this complication. This study was performed due to the increase in physical disability of muscle weakness in patients with MS and the lack of information on the effect of different strength training exercises on air resistance. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on airway resistance indices of women with MS. Methods: Thirty six women with Multiple sclerosis who had a disability criterion ranged from 1 to 4 (based on Krutzke’s disability scale) were sampled using the targeted and purposive sampling methods. They were selected based on the initial health conditions and then were randomly assigned to each of the three groups (each consisting of 12 participants). The first group received resistance training for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with intensity 60% 1RM, and the second group received resistance training for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with intensity 80% 1RM. Those in the control group didn’t have an exercise program. Results: Airway resistance indices were measured both before and after 12 weeks of resistance training, airway resistance indices in both groups was significantly decreased, and these changes were significant in both experimental groups as compared to the control group. Conclusions: According to the findings, in addition to improving balance, fatigue, and muscle endurance, high-intensity resistance training had similar effects to moderate-intensity exercise on pulmonary function indices in women with MS.

scholarly journals Effects of a Single Bout of Aquatic Exercise on Mood in Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Helen Genova ◽  
Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo ◽  
Yael Goverover ◽  
Angela Smith ◽  
Chris Bober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Aquatic Exercise ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Single Bout

Abstract Background: Physical activity is known to be an effective way of managing multiple sclerosis (MS)–related symptoms. Furthermore, it has been reported that even a single bout of physical activity can yield improvements in mood in persons with MS. Aquatic exercise can be an effective and enjoyable physical activity in persons with MS. However, there is little research on the immediate effects of aquatic exercise on mood in people with MS. Thus, we assessed the acute effects of a single bout of aquatic exercise on mood. Methods: Eight adults with MS participated in a 45-minute aquatic exercise class as well as 45 minutes of a seated rest control condition. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was given before and after each condition (rest and aquatic exercise). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired-samples t tests were used to examine whether aquatic exercise resulted in improvement in mood. Due to the small sample size, effect sizes were considered. Results: Moderate-to-large effect sizes indicated a condition × time interaction such that mood increased and fatigue decreased after a single bout of aquatic exercise compared with after rest. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study suggests that mood symptoms are improved immediately after a short bout of aquatic exercise. Future research is needed to explore whether these effects are reliable and whether they can be sustained with more frequent bouts of aquatic exercise.

scholarly journals Effects of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: 30-month Follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL de Geus ◽  
E Fernández ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Dental Prophylaxis ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Objective: This clinical study evaluated the color longevity after 30 months of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: Sixty patients, 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers, were subjected to bleaching with 10% CP (Whiteness Perfect–FGM) for three hours daily for three weeks. The color was measured at baseline and at one month and 30 months after the completion of dental bleaching using the shade guide Vita classical organized by value (ΔSGU) and the shade guide Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. At the 30-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. Data from color evaluation were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test for the contrast of means (α=0.05). Results: Twenty-one smokers and 22 nonsmokers attended the 30 month recall. For both shade guides, only the main factor of assessment time was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). Effective whitening was observed in both groups at the baseline, which was stable at one month. However, color rebound was observed after 30 months for both groups of participants when color was measured before and after dental prophylaxis. Conclusion: Thirty months after at-home bleaching with 10% CP gel, dental darkening was detected in both groups, which cannot be solely attributed to stains caused by extrinsic staining from daily food, drinks, and smoke (in smokers).

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