AGRICULTURAL LAND PRIVATIZATION IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Jacek Maśniak ◽  
Andrzej Jędruchniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Land Privatization ◽  
Market Allocation ◽  
Political Decisions

The aim of the article is to present the process of agricultural land privatization in Poland, taking into account the role that this policy has played in terms of shaping the Polish agricultural model, based on family households. The purpose of the agrarian system shaping policy is the protection and development of family households. To this end, the said group of agricultural households is being granted privileges in terms of access to agricultural land. From an economic point of view, it translates into replacing market allocation with political decisions. The sale of agricultural land on behalf of the state was conducted by the Agricultural Property Agency (APA), which on 1 September 2017 was merged with the Agricultural Market Agency and transformed into the National Center for Agricultural Support. Between 1992 and 2017, a total of over 2.6 million ha of agricultural land (amounting to 55% of all acquired land) was sold. Natural persons acquired a total of 81% of privatized agricultural land, 19% of which was acquired by legal entities. In the years 2005-2017, the prices of agricultural land demonstrated an upward trend. The prices obtained by the Agency were very close to private market prices. The average price amounted to EUR 4,504 per 1 ha in the case of state-owned land and EUR 4,716 per 1 ha in the case of private land.

scholarly journals Geoecological assessment of the state of postagrogenic lands of the Moscow village soviet council of the Republic of Khakassia on the basis of remote sensing data

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 03006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Pavlova ◽  
Anastasiia I. Volkova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Map Scale

Currently, the consequences which take place in Khakassia expansion of tree-shrub vegetation on fallow lands have not been properly assessed neither from an ecological nor economic point of view. Based on the analysis of the agricultural map scale 1: 100 000 decoding images Landsat 4–5, 7, 8 and Sentinel 1, and 2, as well as subsatellite ground researches were carried out the identification, the description and assessment of the qualitative state of postagrogenic lands of Khakassia exposed to the processes of overgrowth of tree-shrub vegetation. As an example, this article analyzes the processes of overgrowth of agricultural land on the example of the territory of the Moscow village council of Ust-Abakan district. A geoinformation project of spatial distribution of postagrogenic lands within the Moscow village council of Ust-Abakan district of Khakassia was developed. The results of the research showed that in the studied area in the structure of agricultural land 67204 hectares of land belongs to the fallows located at different stages of recovery of which 77 % exposed to overgrowth processes. The obtained data indicate the need for the formation of management decisions in the field of land use.

scholarly journals Mites (Acari) important in different agroecosystems and their control in Romania*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
IOAN ROSCA ◽  
MINODORA GUTUE ◽  
CATALIN GUTUE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Mite

Mite problems in different agroecosystems in Romania are presented. Of all phytophagousmites known in the country, four species are found on a wide range of crops, with the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), being the most important. The broad mite is difficult to control, but acaricides registered in Romania have provided effective control of this species. Reduction of highly toxic pesticide residues in the environment has been considered important in the country. That could be approached by first reducing the amount of pesticides applied on agricultural land, and second, by finding new pesticides with less toxic active ingredients. This has resulted in reduced numbers of the main groups of pesticides, commercial products and number of active substances. The number of available commercial products varied from12 in 1972–1979 to five in 1980–1989, ten in 1990–1996, four in 1997–2004 and six in 2010, based on five active ingredients. The causes of the decreasing numbers of acaricide products or active ingredients were the reduced availability of several active ingredients due to toxicological or environmental reasons and the high registration cost. Only three acaricides (Envidor 240 SC, Nissorun 10WP and Omite 570 EC) and one insecticide/acaricide (Seizer 10 EC) are at present commonly used in Romanian agriculture.At the same time, from the economic point of view, biological control is impractical if not impossible to be applied in commercial crop production under Romanian economical conditions of farmers in absence of subsidies. EU and Romanian policies are discussed.

Ein beliebter Alleskönner steht unter Druck (Essay)

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (8) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
Urs Leugger-Eggimann
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Forest Habitats

Pressures on a multi-talented and beloved habitat (essay) Animal and plant species in forest habitats are less threatened than those in other habitats. That is to be welcomed, but is no reason to rest on our laurels in self-satisfaction. This forest success story can be explained by the strict forest protection which exists in Switzerland. This model, which has been a success for over 100 years, is under greater and greater pressure. Some politicians and interest groups want to open the forest to residential development. For Pro Natura, a relaxation of forest protection on the Swiss Plateau is out of the question. The same harmful processes which have been responsible for the dramatic loss of agricultural land would be imported to the forest. The fact is that the increase in total Swiss forest area is entirely limited to the mountainous regions, and does not concern the Plateau. It is important, from an ecological and economic point of view, to use some parts of the forest in a sustainable way. However, it is also essential that other parts of the forest are allowed to follow their natural processes. Pro Natura recommends that 10% of the Swiss forest area should be forest nature reserves by 2030, and 8% special forest reserves. A fifth of the forest area can safely be devoted to conservation of biodiversity, while four fifths can be managed according to sustainability criteria.

scholarly journals On Inequality of Rights in Agricultural Land Privatization

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Victor Aleksandrovich Mayboroda1
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Land Privatization ◽  
Agricultural Use

The article examines the institution of agricultural land privatization. Considering the dynamics of modern legislation, considerable attention is paid to the historical overview of the development of regulatory developments in this institution. Currently, due to uncertain meaning of the term "privatization", the author emphasized its semantic content in regulating land relations in general and in connection with the turnover of agricultural land, in particular through the application of content analysis methods in normative materials. In addition, the land purchase was compared with certain provisions of foreign legal systems. The study has led to conclusions regarding the need for formation of independent law enforcement practices for privatization of agricultural land for agricultural use. The author suggests using this term if there is a regional norm on privatization. At the same time, if the regional legislation establishes the date for privatization commencement beyond an obvious planning horizon and does not allow the use of this particular institution, the author offers to transform public property into private using the institution to purchase land granted on a lease basis. The current application of the institute of public land privatization for agricultural use lacks the opposition of semantic burden of privatization to other forms of transformation of public possession into private property. The absence of such opposition in a law enforcement practice provides an opportunity for confusion of privatization and land purchase when considering specific disputes. Today, those participating in privatization, i.e. persons who can potentially purchase publicly owned lands, are in unequal conditions with regard to other methods of acquiring public lands, including through purchase in case of a bona fide rent. The study itself aims to understand the results of public land transformation into private land based on a priori provision on the need to form a competitive environment for the existence of various forms of ownership through economic regulation methods, avoiding the provision of legal advantages to individual forms of ownership.   

scholarly journals Estimate of economic impacts of climate change upon Czech forestry

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 499-507
Author(s):  
L. Šišák ◽  
K. Pulkrab
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

From the economic point of view the issue is comprehensive namely for its long-term character. At present, there is little experience in complexly understood economic calculations concerning the effect of climate change on forest management. Therefore a new methodology had to be proposed to solve the assigned task, i.e. to analyse the results of research on the effect of climate change on forest management. The issue is closely related to changes in production characteristics of commercial species, i.e. site quality and species composition or health conditions and rotation period of each species and stand. In this case it concerns with a higher proportion of deciduous species at the expense of conifers, namely spruce. This issue also includes the question of further afforestation of non-forest agricultural land, that means the question of land delimitation between agriculture and forestry.

Sophie Laws, with Caroline Harper and Rachel Marcus. Research for Development: A Practical Guide. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 2003. xiii+475 pages. Paperback. Indian Rupees 450.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Workers

To implement any successful policy, research about the subject-matter is essential. Lack of knowledge would result in failure and, from an economic point of view, it would lead to a waste of scarce resources. The book under review is essentially a manual which highlights the use of research for development. The book is divided into two parts. Part One informs the reader about concepts and some theory, and Part Two deals with the issue of undertaking research for development. Both parts have 11 chapters each. Chapter 1 asks the basic question: Is research important in development work? The answer is that it is. Research has many dimensions: from the basic asking of questions to the more sophisticated broad-based analysis of policy issues. The chapter, in short, stresses the usefulness of research which development workers ignore at their own peril.

Bleak Weather for Sun-Shine AG: A Case Study of Impairment of Assets

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Detzen ◽  
Tobias Stork genannt Wersborg ◽  
Henning Zülch
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Instructional Resource

ABSTRACT This case originates from a real-life business situation and illustrates the application of impairment tests in accordance with IFRS and U.S. GAAP. In the first part of the case study, students examine conceptual questions of impairment tests under IFRS and U.S. GAAP with respect to applicable accounting standards, definitions, value concepts, and frequency of application. In addition, the case encourages students to discuss the impairment regime from an economic point of view. The second part of the instructional resource continues to provide instructors with the flexibility of applying U.S. GAAP and/or IFRS when students are asked to test a long-lived asset for impairment and, if necessary, allocate any potential impairment. This latter part demonstrates that impairment tests require professional judgment that students are to exercise in the case.

The Role of Economic Evaluation in Dissemination and Implementation Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation Research

This chapter presents an overview of how D&I research can be evaluated from an economic point of view. Dissemination and implementation imposes costs upon knowledge purveyors, provider organizations, public health organizations, and payers (including governments). However, whether these added costs will result in improved service delivery and, perhaps more importantly, client outcomes and improvements in population health remain as open questions. If emerging studies reveal that defined implementation strategies are more cost effective than “usual” implementation, then policymakers and service providers will need to resource these added costs of implementation in order to assure the success and sustainability of high-quality health services over the long term.

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