scholarly journals Mites (Acari) important in different agroecosystems and their control in Romania*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
IOAN ROSCA ◽  
MINODORA GUTUE ◽  
CATALIN GUTUE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Mite

Mite problems in different agroecosystems in Romania are presented. Of all phytophagousmites known in the country, four species are found on a wide range of crops, with the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), being the most important. The broad mite is difficult to control, but acaricides registered in Romania have provided effective control of this species. Reduction of highly toxic pesticide residues in the environment has been considered important in the country. That could be approached by first reducing the amount of pesticides applied on agricultural land, and second, by finding new pesticides with less toxic active ingredients. This has resulted in reduced numbers of the main groups of pesticides, commercial products and number of active substances. The number of available commercial products varied from12 in 1972–1979 to five in 1980–1989, ten in 1990–1996, four in 1997–2004 and six in 2010, based on five active ingredients. The causes of the decreasing numbers of acaricide products or active ingredients were the reduced availability of several active ingredients due to toxicological or environmental reasons and the high registration cost. Only three acaricides (Envidor 240 SC, Nissorun 10WP and Omite 570 EC) and one insecticide/acaricide (Seizer 10 EC) are at present commonly used in Romanian agriculture.At the same time, from the economic point of view, biological control is impractical if not impossible to be applied in commercial crop production under Romanian economical conditions of farmers in absence of subsidies. EU and Romanian policies are discussed.

scholarly journals Marine Organisms for the Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Pasqua Veronico ◽  
Maria Teresa Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulants ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes are annually responsible for the loss of 10%–25% of worldwide crop production, most of which is attributable to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that infest a wide range of agricultural crops throughout the world. Current nematode control tools are not enough to ensure the effective management of these parasites, mainly due to the severe restrictions imposed on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is important to discover new potential nematicidal sources that are suitable for the development of additional safe and effective control strategies. In the last few decades, there has been an explosion of information about the use of seaweeds as plant growth stimulants and potential nematicides. Novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine cyanobacteria and sponges in an effort to find their application outside marine ecosystems and in the discovery of new drugs. Their potential as antihelmintics could also be exploited to find applicability against plant parasitic nematodes. The present review focuses on the activity of marine organisms on RKNs and their potential application as safe nematicidal agents.

scholarly journals Radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region based on a set of statistical models

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
S.I. Spiridonov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Ivanov ◽  
I.E. Titov ◽  
V.E. Nushtaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Standards ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents a radioecological assessment of forage agricultural land in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region based on data characterizing the variability of the radionuclides content in the soil. Concentration of 137Cs in forage was calculated taking into account the proba-bility distributions of 137Cs soil contamination density and the soil to plant transfer factor. The pro-cessing data of the radioecological survey has shown the soil contamination density with 137Cs of agricultural lands in the southwestern areas of the Bryansk region obeys a lognormal law. The authors have used statistical models and software modules for the radioecological assessment of forage lands. Risks of exceeding the 137Cs content standards in forage obtained on soils with different texture have been calculated. The limiting levels of contamination of pastures and hay-fields with 137Cs, ensuring compliance with the specified risks for forage, have been estimated. The lowest limiting soil contamination density is characteristic of organic soils, which can be con-sidered “critical” from the point of view of 137Cs intake into forage. The authors have predicted the time of remediation of forage lands in the southwestern districts of the Bryansk region in the ab-sence of protective measures based on a probabilistic approach. The time period during which the risk of forage contamination for sandy, sandy loam and clay loam soils will decrease to 10% varies for the areas under consideration in a wide range, not exceeding 64 years. It is concluded that it is advisable to substantiate the value of the acceptable risk of forage contamination, taking into account radiological and socio-economic aspects.

scholarly journals Geoecological assessment of the state of postagrogenic lands of the Moscow village soviet council of the Republic of Khakassia on the basis of remote sensing data

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 03006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Pavlova ◽  
Anastasiia I. Volkova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Map Scale

Currently, the consequences which take place in Khakassia expansion of tree-shrub vegetation on fallow lands have not been properly assessed neither from an ecological nor economic point of view. Based on the analysis of the agricultural map scale 1: 100 000 decoding images Landsat 4–5, 7, 8 and Sentinel 1, and 2, as well as subsatellite ground researches were carried out the identification, the description and assessment of the qualitative state of postagrogenic lands of Khakassia exposed to the processes of overgrowth of tree-shrub vegetation. As an example, this article analyzes the processes of overgrowth of agricultural land on the example of the territory of the Moscow village council of Ust-Abakan district. A geoinformation project of spatial distribution of postagrogenic lands within the Moscow village council of Ust-Abakan district of Khakassia was developed. The results of the research showed that in the studied area in the structure of agricultural land 67204 hectares of land belongs to the fallows located at different stages of recovery of which 77 % exposed to overgrowth processes. The obtained data indicate the need for the formation of management decisions in the field of land use.

AGRICULTURAL LAND PRIVATIZATION IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Jacek Maśniak ◽  
Andrzej Jędruchniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Land Privatization ◽  
Market Allocation ◽  
Political Decisions

The aim of the article is to present the process of agricultural land privatization in Poland, taking into account the role that this policy has played in terms of shaping the Polish agricultural model, based on family households. The purpose of the agrarian system shaping policy is the protection and development of family households. To this end, the said group of agricultural households is being granted privileges in terms of access to agricultural land. From an economic point of view, it translates into replacing market allocation with political decisions. The sale of agricultural land on behalf of the state was conducted by the Agricultural Property Agency (APA), which on 1 September 2017 was merged with the Agricultural Market Agency and transformed into the National Center for Agricultural Support. Between 1992 and 2017, a total of over 2.6 million ha of agricultural land (amounting to 55% of all acquired land) was sold. Natural persons acquired a total of 81% of privatized agricultural land, 19% of which was acquired by legal entities. In the years 2005-2017, the prices of agricultural land demonstrated an upward trend. The prices obtained by the Agency were very close to private market prices. The average price amounted to EUR 4,504 per 1 ha in the case of state-owned land and EUR 4,716 per 1 ha in the case of private land.

Outlining a stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system: an example of application in Aizi Valley, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningsheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Vibration Sensors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Rainfall

<p>Abstract: In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. Currently, the key issues are the imbalance between the limited lifespan of equipment, the relatively long period between the recurrences of such hazards, and the wide range of critical rainfall that trigger these disasters. This paper attempt to provide a stepwise multi-parameter debris flow warning system after taking into account the shortcomings observed in other warning systems. The whole system is divided into five stages. Different warning levels can be issued based on the critical rainfall thresholds. Monitoring starts when early warning is issued and it continues with debris flow near warning, movement warning and hazard warning stages. For early warning, historical archives of earthquake and drought are used to choose a debris flow susceptible site for further monitoring, Secondly, weather forecasts provide an alert of possible near warning. Hazardous precipitation, model calculation and debris flow initiation tests, pore pressure sensors and water content sensors are combined to check the critical rainfall and to publically announce a triggering warning. In the final two stages, equipment such as rainfall gauges, flow stage sensors, vibration sensors, low sound sensors and infrasound meters are used to assess movement processes and issue hazard warnings. In addition to these warnings, community-based knowledge and information is also obtained and discussed in detail. The proposed stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system has been applied in Aizi valley China which continuously monitors the debris flow activities.</p>

Emission Distribution and Regulation of Local Heat Source

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Valíček ◽  
Jana Müllerová ◽  
Vlastimil Kuběna ◽  
Pavel Koštial ◽  
Marta Harničárová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Wide Range

Pollutants can be classified according to their chemical composition, harmfulness, hazardousness, risk rate and toxicity. The most monitored pollutants are particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), organic substances which are in the form of gaseous phase in waste gases expressed as total organic carbon, dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans [1-3]. Other pollutants are divided into several groups and subgroups, such as substances with carcinogenic effects (asbestos, Co, Cd, Be, Ni, As, Cr, dioxins, etc.), solid inorganic contaminants (He, Se, animony, and others) and inorganic pollutants in the form of gases (HCl, HF, ammonia, etc.), organic gases and vapours (phenol, toluene, acetone and many others) and gases causing the greenhouse effect (CO2, methane, N2O, hydrofluorocarbons, etc.). The term particulate matter, or suspended matter refers to the emissions of a wide range of wind drift solids and liquid particles of material in size from several nanometres up to 0.5 mm, which stay in the air for some time. This is a major component of atmospheric pollution, which contributes to harmful effects not only on human health but also on intensity of materials degradation. Into the atmosphere, where we can meet them, regardless of particle size and chemical composition, in the form of a complex heterogeneous mixture, they are released from burning fossil fuels and also from burning biomass-based fuels, while domestic heating accounts for about 16% of the total production of particulate matter [4,5,6]. This percentage represents a degree of imperfect combustion of fuels used in local heating. Emissions from incomplete combustion are undesirable from the point of view of human health as well as from the economic point of view, because this leads to the degradation of materials. Nevertheless, since fuel combustion is necessary for the society, emissions are still produced. This paper presents an automated method of perfect combustion control in local heating in order to minimize emissions being produced.

scholarly journals Direct Current (DC) Motor Speed and Direction Controller

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
Nurshahirah Shaharudin ◽  
Mohd Zamri Hasan ◽  
Syatirah Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Variable Resistor ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The direct current motor is an important drive configuration for many applications across a wide range of power and speeds. It has variable characteristics and is used extensively in variable-speed drives. The goals of this project are to control the direction and speed of a Direct Current (DC) motor. Due to the advancement of wireless technology, there are several communication devices introduced such as GSM, Wi-Fi, ZIGBEE and Bluetooth. Each of the connections has its own unique specification and application. Among these wireless connections, Bluetooth technology is often implemented and can be sent from the mobile phone at a distance of 10 meters. The speed control was implemented using Bluetooth technology to provide communication access from a smartphone. Instead, the ARDUINO UNO platform can be used to quickly promote electronic systems. And an electronics technique is called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used to achieve speed control, and this technique generates high and low pulses, then these pulses vary the speed in the motor. In order to control this PWM pulse, variable resistors are used and depend on it the speed of the DC motor will increase or decrease. The variable resistor is adjusting to varying the speed of the motor, and the higher the resistance the lower the speed of the motor rotates. The direction of the motor is controlled by the relay by giving and giving a command on the virtual terminal. The speed of the motor is directly proportional to the resistance as the speed increased after the resistance also increased and vice versa. The significance of this study is practical and highly feasible from the economic point of view and has the advantage of running the motor at a higher rating in term of a reliable, durable, accurate and efficient way of controlling speed and direction control.

Cryptospordiosis: An infectious emerging protozoan zoonosis of public health significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
Mahendra Pal ◽  
Mati Roba Bulcha ◽  
Adugna Girma Lema ◽  
Sena Roba Bulcha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Hygienic Measures

Zoonoses caused by diverse etiological agents, are important from public health and economic point of view, and are reported in humans and animals from developing and developed nations of the world. Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging food and waterborne zoonotic protozoan disease that has been detected in both human and animal populations all over the world. The source of infection is exogenous, and the ingestion of contaminated food and water is the principal mode of transmission. The oocysts of Cryptosporidium are abundant and pervasive in ambient water, where they can survive for months. It prefers epithelial cells found in the digestive tracts of a wide range of hosts. Waterborne transmission through drinking water or a swimming pool is common, resulting in outbreaks in several nations throughout the world. The disease can manifest itself in sporadic or epidemic forms. The infection has been recorded in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, anorexia and low grade fever are most commonly observed symptoms. The laboratory help is required to make an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. The preventive strategies include excellent hygienic measures to avoid the contamination of food and water by oocysts of Cryptosporidium. In addition, the role of veterinarian is highly imperative for the management of disease in domestic animals.

scholarly journals First record of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks 1904) (Αcari: Tarsonemidae) on greenhouse peppers in Crete

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ν.Ε. Roditakis ◽  
Ν.Ι. Drossos
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Rate ◽  
First Record ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Broad Mite ◽  
Dark Green

The broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae), was first noticed on greenhouse pepper cv Cleopatra and Sonar in Ierapetra (Southeastern Crete) in 1984. During 1984 there were scattered mite infestations in a few greenhouses but in the following years it has become an increasingly important pest of peppers. The mite has been also found on cucumber cv Cnossos, aubergine cv Flaska and Solanum aviculare (indigenous of Amazonios) in the greenhouses of the Ierapetra Experimental Station. It atta­cks the growing points, young foliage, stem flowers and fruits. The growing points and bud are distorted, the young leaf margins down curl, the apical leaves crinkle, the leaf veins fuse and distort and the color changes to dark green, the fruits and stem crack and turn russet, mis-shape resembling like a fruit or stem scab and finally the small leaves and flowers fall off. Severely affected plants have little or no young growth, remain stunt and all fruitlets are aborted. The general look of the infested plants is similar to those affected by hormone weedkiller. Affected plants could not recover easily and the symptoms persisted for many weeks in spite of the acaricide treatments applied by the growers. In an artificial infestation of young pepper plants cv Sonar by 100-200 individuals, the symptoms of broad mite damage appeared in eight to ten days under growth chamber conditions (24±0.5°C, 60±5% R.H., 12.000 Lux for 16 hours daily).In Greece, the broad mite was first recorded on cotton leaves in 1969 and later on citrus trees. In Britain, it causes serious problems since 1978. It has been also noticed in several other countries of Europe. The spread of P. latus in many greenhouse plants in Britain was caused by the absence of acaricide treatments in green­houses where biological control against the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae was ap­plied and the predator Phytoseilus persimilis was introduced by French bean leaves which was a recorded host of broad mite. The female longevity varies between 7-18 days depending mainly on temperature. The mean number of eggs/female is 40-50. The life cycle of broad mite is completed in 441, 205 and 98 hours at 14, 24 and 30°C, respectively. The developmental rate of various stages of the mite increased with the temperature but declined at about 35°C. The broad mite has been recorded on a wide range of hosts: tea plant, beans, tomatoes, cucumber, pep­pers, aubergines, citrus, zerbera, fuchsia, jasmin­um, magnolia, cotton, jute, coffee, avocado etc.

Ein beliebter Alleskönner steht unter Druck (Essay)

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (8) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
Urs Leugger-Eggimann
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Forest Habitats

Pressures on a multi-talented and beloved habitat (essay) Animal and plant species in forest habitats are less threatened than those in other habitats. That is to be welcomed, but is no reason to rest on our laurels in self-satisfaction. This forest success story can be explained by the strict forest protection which exists in Switzerland. This model, which has been a success for over 100 years, is under greater and greater pressure. Some politicians and interest groups want to open the forest to residential development. For Pro Natura, a relaxation of forest protection on the Swiss Plateau is out of the question. The same harmful processes which have been responsible for the dramatic loss of agricultural land would be imported to the forest. The fact is that the increase in total Swiss forest area is entirely limited to the mountainous regions, and does not concern the Plateau. It is important, from an ecological and economic point of view, to use some parts of the forest in a sustainable way. However, it is also essential that other parts of the forest are allowed to follow their natural processes. Pro Natura recommends that 10% of the Swiss forest area should be forest nature reserves by 2030, and 8% special forest reserves. A fifth of the forest area can safely be devoted to conservation of biodiversity, while four fifths can be managed according to sustainability criteria.

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