The tradition of Greek paideia in the context of contemporary discussion on axiocentrism and paidocentrism in upbringing

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (16) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Justyna Melonowska
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Holistic Thinking

The ancient, Greek concept of upbringing, paideiia, was oriented towards full mental development of a person on one hand and – on the other – on affirming in such a way given community of political as well as civilizational purposes. Questions about its essence and significance reappear nowadays in the context of disputes on education. Two main currents are usually indicated in contemporary philosophy of upbringing: axiocentrism and paidocentrism. The first in the center of all pedagogical efforts situates community and the system of values that this community recognizes. The child is to be introduced in this axiology. Such approach may be considered traditionalist and conservative. The second current is child-centred and focused on all form of self-expression the child desires. This approach is considered as related to liberal-emancipation direction in social life. Despite all the differences between those approaches, designed didactical process is in both of them the result of a holistic thinking about human being and the philosophy of upbringing is the result of a specific philosophy of a human. In the article I tend to show this descending character od philosophical approach to upbringing, ergo how the concept of human nature as good, bad or ambivalent going through subsequent degrees of theoretical systematization end up responding to particular and detailed issues, such as physical punishments. My goal is to make comprehensible especially the traditional, conservative philosophy of upbringing (axiocentrism).

scholarly journals Modernitetens modsigelser. Konfigurationskonflikter og samfundstænkning i Grundtvigs »Om Mennesket i Verden«

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
Henning Eichberg
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Contradictions of Modernity. Conflicting Configurations and Societal Thinking in Grundtvig's »The Human Being in the World«A Worm - a God. About the Human Being in the World. Ove Korsgaard (ed.). With contributions of Niels Buur Hansen, Hans Hauge, Bosse Bergstedt, Uffe Jonas and Knud Bjarne Gjesing. Odense Universitetsforlag 1997.By Henning EichbergIn 1817, Grundtvig wrote »Om Mennesket i Verden« which can be regarded as a key to the understanding of his philosophy and psychology, but which is difficult to place in relation to his later folkelig, societal engagement. A recent reedition of this text together with some actual comments by Grundtvig researchers is an occasion to quest deeper about this relation.However, it is not enough to ask - as Grundtvig research has done for a long time - what Grundtvig wanted to say, but his text can be regarded as a document of how modem orientation in the world is characterized by conflicting linguistic and metaphorical patterns, which sometimes may tell another story than intended.On the one hand, Grundtvig's text speaks of a lot of dualistic contradictions such as life vs. death, light vs. darkness, truth vs. lie, God vs. devil, human fall vs. resurrection, body vs. spirit, nature vs. history and time vs. eternity. In contrast to the author's intention to produce clarity and lucidity - whether in the spirit of Christianity or of modem rationality - the binary constructions give rather a confusing picture of systematical disorder where polarity and polemics are mixed, antagonism and gradual order, dichotomy and exclusive either-or, paradoxes and dialectical contradictions. On the other hand,Grundtvig tries again and again to build up three-pole imaginations as for instance the threefold human relation to time, space and truth and the three ages of spiritual seeing, feeling and conceptualization resp. of mythology (childhood), theology (youth) and history (adult age). The main history, Grundtvig wants to tell in his text, is built up around the trialectic relation of the human being to the body, to the spirit and to itself, to the living soul.The most difficult to understand in this relation seems to be what Grundtvig calls the spirit, Aanden. Grundtvig describes it as Aandigt Samfund mellem Menneske og Sandhed, »the spiritual community between the human being and the truth«, and this may direct our attention towards samfund, meaning at the same time association, togetherness and society. Aanden is described by threefold effects - will, conscience and faith, all of them describing social relations between human beings resp. their psychological correlate. The same social undertone is true when Grundtvig characterizes three Aande-Livets Spor (»traces of spiritual life«): the word, the history and love. If »the spirit« represents what is larger or »higher« than the single human being and what cannot be touched by his or her hand, then this definition fits exactly to society or the sociality of the human being. Social life - whether understood as culture, social identity or folk (people) - is not only a quantitative sum of human individuals, but represents another quality of natural order. Thus it has its logic that Grundtvig places the human being in between the realms of minerals, plant and animal life on the one hand and the »higher« order on the other, which can be understood as the social existence.In this respect, the societal dimension is not at all absent in his philosophy of 1817. However, it is not enough to state the implicite presence of sociality as such in the earlier Grundtvigian thinking before his folkelig break-through. What was the sociality, more concretely, which Grundtvig experienced during the early modernity? In general, highly dichotomous concepts are dominating the modem discourse as capitalism vs. feudalism, materialism vs. idealism, modernity vs. premodemity, democracy vs. absolutism or revolution vs. restoration; Grundtvig was always difficult to place into these patterns. Again, it might be helpful to try a trialectical approach, transcending the dualism of state and market by civil society as a third field of social action. Indeed, it was civil society with its farmers' anarchist undertones which became the contents of Grundtvig's later folk engagement.

scholarly journals Estética post-humana en la obra gráfica de Claudio Romo

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Claire Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
New Humanism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Graphic Work ◽  
Post Humanism

This paper considers the graphic work of the Chilean artist Claudio Romo from a post-human perspective. Romo's work realizes an opening of imaginaries, above all, new configurations of human being, in order to reconsider the boundaries of human nature and propose a new humanism in relation to a new understanding of modernity. After a theoretical tour of post-humanism, especially of Rosi Braidotti's philosophical nomadism, the paper will approach the post-human bestiary that elaborates Romo, on the one hand, as a questioning of access to empirical realities and, on the other hand, as a presentation of potential life forms. The paper will conclude on the presence, in Romo’s work, of a new affirmative humanism, that is, the experimentation of new modes of subjectivization, as well as the approach of new modes of knowledge.

ROLE OF WAR IN SOCIAL LIFE. PART I - WAR IN PRE-MODERN HISTORICAL THOUGHT

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Janusz ŚWINIARSKI ◽  
Marian MARCINKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical Thought

At the beginning the authors present two opposing trends related to the understanding of the nature and the role of war in society: first, that these phenomena are embedded in the nature of human beings and humanity (which means that without war there is no human being, culture and civilization, its life, society or state, so war is natural and necessary for life); second, war is not embedded in human nature, is a distortion in community life and relations between people; this means that if wars occur, they show the degradation of human beings and society. These trends are observed in the eternal debate on war and the authors show numerous examples in which war is perceived in this way.

scholarly journals Penerapan Athiti Krama Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Agama Hindu Pada Pasraman Dharma Bhakti Gianyar

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Oka Silantari ◽  
I Ketut Mardika
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Advanced Society ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

<p><em>In human nature, apart from being individual beings as well as social beings who have their own culture. Culture arises in humans due to reason and thought in the human being itself. Humans will be able to live perfectly when they live together with other humans, in relation to other humans, certain norms or rules are needed. In the regulation, one of them was written about the procedure for honoring guests called Athiti Krama. Athiti Krama gives motivation in human life because through this human being can foster good relations between humans one with other human beings in harmony. The implementation of Athiti Krama can be found in societies everywhere in the world, both in the advanced society and the people who are still modest in their civilization.<br /> In social life, everyone should behave well so as to create happiness for themselves and the community, because in the teachings of Hinduism, Athiti Krama teachings are basically contained which can bring people to achieve harmony in social order in society. The basis of Athiti Krama's teachings is the ethics or morality that many of the Vedic scriptures have mentioned, one of which is Tri Kaya Parisudha. Considering the importance of Athiti Krama as a social guide in people's lives. So it should be known to be applied in the learning process in Pasraman Dharma Bhakti.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Can Senecan Theater of Passions Educate a Virtuous Person?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Sanzhenakov
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virtuous Person ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Tragedies ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the consideration of the pedagogical content of Seneca’s tragedy. The article provides a solution for the problem, which is contained in the controversy – on the one hand, Seneca as other Stoics believes that the passions negatively affect the soul of human being, on the other hand, his tragedies portray plots overrun with passions involving murder, perfidy, betrayal and other crimes. The author suggests that this feature of the plot of dramatic works of Seneca cannot be explained by simple respect of the tradition, according to which the passion is the main driving force of both the ancient Greek and ancient Roman tragedies. The author shows that Seneca intentionally uses certain artistic techniques to achieve the pedagogical effect.

scholarly journals DIGITALIZATION OR DIGITAL ECONOMY: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
L. Ivanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Phenomenon

The so-called «digitalization» not only as a management tool in economy (digital economy), but also as a historical phenomenon in the evolution of a society and all social life of a human being has been considered. Two different tendencies in the «digitalization» of a social life: one creates real opportunities of historical breakthrough of all mankind to improve its life conditions; the other, dangerous for human being is a possibility of a “cyber slavery”, have been distinguished. Within this context, the tendency of a digital «socialism» and its alternative have been analyzed. It has been noted, that digital economy plays one of the major roles in a struggle for the future. The need to solve certain problems in theoretical and methodological support of digital economy and digitalization as a whole has been shown.

scholarly journals CINTA SEBAGAI RELIGIOUS PEACE BUILDING (Perspektif Muhammad Fethullah Gülen)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kholil
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Double Function ◽  
The One

Sociologically, religion has a double function. On the one hand, religion can be a factor of social cohesion and harmony creation, but on the other hand it can also be a factor religious disharmony between people of different religions. This paper examines the views of  Fethullah Gülen on the social function of  religion that is based on love and peace. Differences of religion, according to him, is a consequence of the choice of each human being in order to establish the absolute truth based on how they believe. Therefore, differences in religion is not something scar y or even harmful for social life, as long as people are able to live in the light of love and peace.

scholarly journals LAS INTRIGAS POLÍTICAS EN LA OBRA EL CANTAR DE MÍO CID E IMPLICACIONES PARA LA GESTIÓN DE NUESTROS ESTADOS MODERNOS / POLITICAL INTRIGUES IN EL CANTAR DE MÍO CID AND IMPLICATIONS TO RULE OUR MODERN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cossi Basile Medenou
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Heuristic Methods ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

La política acarrea a los actores todos tipos de situaciones: gloria, decadencia, goce, hasta la muerte. Este estudio de índole socio literaria realizado a base de la obra caballeresca El Cantar de Mío Cid, enfoca analizar las posibles variantes temporales y geográficas de esas peripecias por un lado, y por otro, comprobar si la política no puede hacerse sin escollos, o por lo menos dejar de contagiar otros sectores de la vida social. Lo llevamos a cabo con los métodos objetivo, comparativo, estético y analítico. Lo que ha desembocado en los resultados según los cuales: las peripecias de la política remontan a tiempos remotos; los escollos de las prácticas de esa ciencia social radican en la misma naturaleza compleja del hombre; las peripecias varían de carácter según factores geopolíticos; se puede evitar las tragedias causadas por la política si se consigue extirpar las maldades que estriban en la complejidad del ser humano, miembro de la sociedad que los políticos han de gestionar; si resulta difícil, aunque no imposible alcanzar ese objetivo, a los gobernantes les toca evitar que los demás sectores de la vida sean contagiados por los peligros de la política, para evitar que la vida social venga a ser insoportable. La politique, cause aux acteurs toutes sortes de situations: la gloire, la déchéance, la joie et même la mort. Cette étude socio littéraire réalisée à base de l’œuvre chevaleresque espagnole El cantar de Mío Cid, envisage analyser les possibles variantes temporelles et géographiques de ces péripéties d’une part, et d’autre part, prouver si la politique ne peut pas se faire sans écueils, ou tout au moins cesser de contaminer les autres secteurs de la vie sociale. Nous l’avons menée à bout par les méthodes objective, comparative, esthétique et analytique. Ce qui a débouché sur les résultats selon lesquels: les péripéties de la politique remontent à longtemps; les écueils des pratiques de cette science sociale relèvent de la nature complexe même de l’homme; mais les péripéties varient suivant des facteurs géopolitiques; on peut éviter les tragédies dues à la politique si on réussit à dépurer les mœurs politiques de la méchanceté qui trouve son origine dans la nature complexe de l’être humain, membre de la société que le politique est chargé de gérer; s’il s’avère difficile, mais pas impossible, d’atteindre cet objectif, il revient aux gouvernants d’éviter que les autres secteurs de la vie ne soient contaminés par les vices de la politique, afin que la vie sociale ne devienne invivable. Politics leads his actors to many kinds of situations: glory, social decline, joy, even death. This socio literary study based on the Spanish gentlemanly book El cantar de Mío Cid (The Poem of the Cid), has for purpose to analyze the possible temporal and geographical variants on the one hand, and on the other hand, to prove if politics cannot be done without pitfalls, or at least, stop polluting the other social life sectors. We carried it out with objective, comparative, esthetical and analytic heuristic methods. It turns out of our work that: political mishaps go back a long way; apart from that, the hurdles of that social science practices stem from human being complexity; but, politics’ ups and downs vary characters in accordance with our geopolitical analyzes; it’s possible to avoid tragedies caused by politics if we succeed in eradicating the wickedness lied in men’ complexity, in the society led by politicians; if it turn out difficult, even though no impossible, to achieve that objective, those who rule our countries must save the other sectors from political vices, not to make unbearable life in our societies. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0897/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals RUSSIAN, JEWISH OR HUMAN? JEWISH MYSTICAL THOUGHT IN THE POETRY OF BULAT SHALVOVICH OKUDZHAVA

Porównania ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Anna Kornacka-Sareło
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Franz Rosenzweig ◽  
Jewish Mysticism ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Output

While looking at the literary output of Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava from the perspective of imagology, one can see that the image of “the Other” in the poems of the Russian bard was created, paradoxically, just by this “Other”, and it was not constructed by the images (imagines) intrinsically present in the consciousness of the ethnocentric “Self” or “The Same”. In other words, in the case of Okudzhava’s poetry, the image of “the Other” stands on the basis of some ideas of Jewish mystics and the ones of Jewish philosophers of dialogue (Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig and Emmanuel Lévinas). Therefore, the aim of this article was to present the motifs stemming from Jewish mysticism in the poems-songs by Okudzhava which, as it seems, influenced theological, anthropological and ethical views of the bard. The distinctive feature of Okudzhava’s philosophical approach is perceiving every person, regardless of their ethnic or cultural origin, as a being responsible for themselves in the process of constituting themselves in their humanity. The same person is also responsible for other people, for the world of nature, and even for an impersonal and non-anthropomorphic godhead who does not intervene in human affairs. Therefore, Okudzhava – similarly to Jewish mystics – regards the human being as a co-creator of reality, obliged to perform ethically positive acts and respect an old Kabbalistic postulate tikkun ha-olam - “to mend the world”.

YESUS JURU SELAMAT DALAM AGAMA KRISTEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-376
Author(s):  
Muchammdun Abudullah
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good News ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Local Congregation ◽  
The World ◽  
Naval Ship ◽  
Free People ◽  
The Way

According to Christians, Jesus Christ is not just sent out by the local congregation. Because it emphasis on meeting with the risen Lord to accept the task personally. So, the apostles were not clergy, but the messenger of Christ to build a church. In summary, the Apostle in Ancient Greek is a term that refers to marine or naval ship goods. Later, the term also includes any person appointed as an envoy. Apostles in the Gospels refer to the twelve disciples who personally commissioned by Jesus to be the vanguard of the person who was sent as a bearer of good news. First, they start from Yarussalem and then to all the other nations in the world. Through Jesus Christ, man was called back from exile and be reconciled to God the Father in Heaven. Humans are freed from moral captivity and egoism is replaced with love and fellowship. It was Jesus Christ the only one who can free people from sin. There is no safety inside of human being rather than Him. Jesus Christ was without sin, holy and immaculate provides freedom from sin, no salvation through any other. Jesus himself said, I am the way and the truth and the life (John 14: 6). This article talks about the concept of salvation in Christianity.

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