The oldest tombstones in the Jewish cemetery in Tarnow

2021 ◽  
Vol 2/2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Leszek Hońdo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Polish Jews

The Jewish cemetery in Tarnów dates from the 16th century. It has an extremely valuable group of tombstones from the 17th, 18th and early 19th century. They are monuments of sepulchral art as well as cultural testaments — not only of Tarnovian Jews, but generally of Polish Jews. The article presents the oldest tombstones in the cemetery. The preserved tombstones originate only from the second half of the 17th century.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

Mesopotamian Archaeology: a review

Antiquity ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 22 (88) ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
V. Gordon Childe
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Prose Style ◽  
History Of ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Mesopotamian Archaeology

It is a mark of a discipline's maturity when scientists begin to show an interest in I the history of their science. This book by a distinguished archaeologist.might then be welcomed if only as a mark that archaeology has reached that degree of maturity. But of course the book's merits go far beyond that and will indeed appeal to many who are not archaeologists in any sense.The story of archaeological exploration in Mesopotamia is highly instructive and romantic, but also tragic. The author tells it well in an attractive prose style with a few happily chosen illustrations reproduced from early 19th century originals. More than half the volume is occupied by biographical accounts of those who laid the foundations of Western knowledge of the monuments of Iraq, from 16th century merchant-voyagers who casually mentioned them to Botta and Layard who began to excavate them. Lloyd has the power to pick out and vividly recapitulate such incidents in the actors’ lives as shall bring out their characters without distracting attention from the central theme. At the same time he uses their descriptions of scenery and customs, often sharply contrasted with those he knows so well today, to build up a rich and variegated panorama of the natural and human background of Mesopotamian archaeology. Students of Near Eastern civilization who have not themselves had the opportunity of visiting even Mosul, Baghdad, Ur and Basra will find these passages, in which 19th century observations are illuminated by comparison with contemporary experiences, extremely helpful.

scholarly journals Pandemics in the past Eight Centuries: A Sociological Appraisal

SIASAT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi ◽  
Muhammad Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Household Members

The present article intends to reflect the appearance of different pandemics in different periods from sociological point of view. Earlier pandemics used to appear without being able to control them; at the historical times without medications, hospitals, motor vehicles, without communications etc. Millions of people died because of spreading unknown diseases such as flu, cholera, black death, plague and the like. Estimates show that the first 15 events killed over 85 million people. Plague in Italy during some years in the 17th century perished many people vs the least of facilities within reach. Similarly, great plague in Spain in mid 17th century took the lives of a large number of people. Great plague of London also in the second half of the 17th century killed more than 100,000 of citizens. Such events not only directly killed older household members, but created bad lives and deprivation for the younger remaining members in such households. Many of such children had to resort to orphanages. Cholera outbreak also appeared in early 19th century in India, Russia and Africa leaving behind a great number of deaths. The flu pandemic at the end of 19th century killed many people. Many countries came to know more on influenza since then. The outbreak of Coronavirus in 2020 is the worst very widespread and global affecting and infecting many people in all corners of the world. Coronavirus pandemic is wide spreading without being prevented. Despite all the existing facilities, it is killing more than the earlier pandemics in terms of time and space. As education and understanding of people are currently higher than before, they highly feel distressed and disordered.    

scholarly journals Grecka diaspora w Poznaniu w XVIII i XIX w.

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Marcin Mikołajczyk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
The South ◽  
Good Order ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City ◽  
Ethnic Origins ◽  
At Home

Greek diaspora in Poznan in the 18th and 19th century Poznań, one of the largest Polish cities, was frequently inhabited by citizens of other countries. One such nation were Greeks, who came to Poland for economic, political and geopolitical reasons. Ethnic origins of emigrants remains an interesting problem. The first information on Greeks in Poznań can be traced back to the 16th century. In the second half of the 17th century, the number of Greeks coming to the city increased. Emigrants occupied themselves mainly with (profitable) wine and Eastern goods trade. Greeks imported wine mostly from Hungary. From the moment they came, Greeks were considered unwelcome by local tradesmen. Municipal books and the books of the Merchants’ Guild are full of complaints on the incomers from the South. It was not until 1789, when the laws of the Commission of Good Order operating in Poznań, that the conditions of Greeks staying in Poznań had been regulated. The Poznań Greek community was established around 1750. Poznań Greeks were of the Christian Orthodox denomination. Services were held at home churches, the community also had its cemetery. The following people were the chaplains: Atanazy Korda, Konstantyn Chartofilax Okuta, Atanazy Sawicz and Zupanos. The Poznań Greek community was dissolved in 1909. The most well-known representative of the Poznań Greeks is Jan Konstanty Żupański, a bookseller and publisher.

scholarly journals L’acupuncture et le magnétisme animal face à l’orthodoxie médicale française (1780–1830)

Gesnerus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-243
Author(s):  
Ronald Guilloux
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Organic Disease ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Magnetism

This article analyses why the French phenomenon of acupuncture was confined to the 1810s–1820s. It argues that the French medical orthodoxy played a decisive role. First, we recount the history of the French reception of Japanese acupuncture from the late 17th century to the 1820s. Second, we go back to the animal magnetism trial to find some explanatory tools for the decline of French acupuncture. Third, we show that the oppositions to both therapies were not mere juxtapositions, but due to the growing strength of medical orthodoxy. Finally, we suggest a model of analysis of the French medical orthodoxy of the early 19th century through a set of multidimensional oppositions: anthropological (imagination/reason), epistemological (to heal/to explain), therapeutic (drug/fluid), nosological (organic disease/functional disease), and lastly, economic, moral and political oppositions (doctor/charlatan).

THE LIPIZZANER IN ITALY

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. Borghese
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Original Stock ◽  
The North ◽  
Extensive Grazing

SUMMARYThe Lipizzaner is one of Europe's most ancient breeds; its history goes back to the early 16th century The original stock came from the North of Italy and Spain; six male lines introduced in the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century, from Naples, the Austro-Hungarian empire, Denmark and Arabia upgraded the breed to its actual standard. The Italian national stud of Montemaggiore is perpetrating the Lipizzaner tradition. The horses are kept under extensive grazing conditions and all six “families” (Napolitano,Conversaro, Favory, Pluto, Maestoso and Siglavy) are present.

scholarly journals MIDDLE BRONZE AGE JERUSALEM: RECALCULATING ITS CHARACTER AND CHRONOLOGY

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Johanna Regev ◽  
Yuval Gadot ◽  
Helena Roth ◽  
Joe Uziel ◽  
Ortal Chalaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Early Phases

ABSTRACT The following paper presents the results of radiocarbon (14C) dating of Middle Bronze Age (MB) contexts in Jerusalem. The dates, sampled with microarchaeology methods from three different locations along the eastern slopes of the city’s ancient core, reveal that Jerusalem was initially settled in the early phases of the period, with public architecture first appearing in the beginning of the 19th century BC and continued to develop until the 17th century BC. At that time, a curious gap in settlement is noted until the 16th century BC, when the site is resettled. The construction of this phase continued into the early 15th century BC. The dates presented are discussed in both the site-level, as well as their far-reaching implications regarding MB regional chronology. It is suggested here that the high chronology, dating the Middle Bronze Age between 2000 and 1600 BC is difficult to reconcile with dates from many sites. In contrast, a more localized chronology should be adopted, with the Middle Bronze Age continuing into the early 15th century BC in certain parts of the southern Levant, such as the region of Jerusalem.

Once the First Button is Put Wrong… An Assessment of A Study by Judith Pfeiffer on Kashf al-asrār fī ilzām al-Yahūd wa-l-aḥbār by Yūsuf Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Dayyān

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
Fuat Aydın
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century

Refutations by native or converted Muslims to reject religions other than Islam have been produced for ages, including during the Ottoman era. However, studies about such refutations have mainly focused on the Ottoman world from the 19th century until the 2000s. One of the exceptions is Judith Pfeiffer’s study on Kashf al-asrār fī ilzām al-Yahūd wa-l-aḥbār by Yūsuf Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Dayyān. This paper intends to demonstrate that the conclusion reached by Pfeiffer, i.e., that the text, which she dates to 17th century within the context of the Qāḍīzādelis-Sivāsīs debate and uses as a reference, is actually a tract called al-Radd ʿalá l-Yahūd by Ṭāshkuprīzādah, is not accurate. This paper also aims to demonstrate that Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Dayyān actually lived in the 16th century and wrote this work in relation to the Jews who had become gradually more visible in the social and cultural life of Istanbul following their migration from Spain and that the use of the reference is actually the use of the book of Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Dayyān by Ṭāshkuprīzādah.

scholarly journals Kinsloe Focus Artifact Assemblages and Nadaco Caddo

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
River Basin ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Sabine River

The Kinsloe focus (now phase) was defined by Jones on the basis of seven sites in Gregg, Harrison, and Rusk counties in East Texas, in the middle reaches of the Sabine River basin. These sites are Ware Acres (41GG31), Kinsloe (4IGG3), Susie Slade (4IHSI3), Brown I (4IHS26I), C. D. Marsh (4IHS269), Millsey Williamson (4IRK3), and Cherokee Lake (41RK132). As currently understood, these historic Caddo sites were most likely occupied by Nadaco Caddo people between ca. A.D. 1680-1800. For our purposes here, my interest is in compiling in one place the characteristic material culture items found in the known Kinsloe phase sites as a whole, even though it is recognized that the seven sites probably were not all contemporaneously occupied and some of them may date as early as the late 17th century and others may date as late as the early 19th century. This compilation will be useful in any basic comparisons that may be made between the archaeology and material culture of the Nadaco Caddo and other historic Caddo groups living in East Texas, particularly in the diverse composition of cemrnic vessel assemblages and the abundance and range of European trade goods obtained by the various Caddo groups from the French, Spanish, and English traders.

scholarly journals Siberian Sherts of the 16th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Belyakov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Ivan The Terrible

The article focuses on the critical analysis of sources of the late 16th century – “shert’” letters, that were discovered by the author in the Russian archive of ancient acts. The author discusses the origins of these documents and the circumstances of their discovery in the Archive’s funds. The first discovered source is the shert’ of Khan Kuchum given to Tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1571/72. Although this document was known in the first half of the 17th century, its original was considered lost. This paper presents a transcription of this shert’ letter, preserved in the collection of diplomatic correspondence. The second discovered source is “shert’ of Yermak” 1580 (1582). Different versions of this document are contained in the Esipov Chronicle, in the Pogodin Chronicle, as well as in a copy of the turn of the 18th – 19th century, as part of documents collected by A. F. Malinovsky. The last-mentioned version was published by V. I. Sergeev in 1976. This publication, however, has several inaccuracies. Comparison of publications and archival versions of sources showed, that over the years, researchers used defective editions, that had a bunch of incorrectness. In light of the fact, the need for further archival research aimed to discover the earlier existence of these valuable sources becomes apparent. The text of the documents is published in this article according to the simplified rules for publishing historical sources.

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