scholarly journals MIDDLE BRONZE AGE JERUSALEM: RECALCULATING ITS CHARACTER AND CHRONOLOGY

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Johanna Regev ◽  
Yuval Gadot ◽  
Helena Roth ◽  
Joe Uziel ◽  
Ortal Chalaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Early Phases

ABSTRACT The following paper presents the results of radiocarbon (14C) dating of Middle Bronze Age (MB) contexts in Jerusalem. The dates, sampled with microarchaeology methods from three different locations along the eastern slopes of the city’s ancient core, reveal that Jerusalem was initially settled in the early phases of the period, with public architecture first appearing in the beginning of the 19th century BC and continued to develop until the 17th century BC. At that time, a curious gap in settlement is noted until the 16th century BC, when the site is resettled. The construction of this phase continued into the early 15th century BC. The dates presented are discussed in both the site-level, as well as their far-reaching implications regarding MB regional chronology. It is suggested here that the high chronology, dating the Middle Bronze Age between 2000 and 1600 BC is difficult to reconcile with dates from many sites. In contrast, a more localized chronology should be adopted, with the Middle Bronze Age continuing into the early 15th century BC in certain parts of the southern Levant, such as the region of Jerusalem.

CAPRICCIOʼS GENRE IN MANDOLIN MUSIC AT THE END OF THE 19th – THE EARLY OF THE 20th CENTURIES (for example of the concert pieces by С. Munier)

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
N. V. Bashmakova ◽  
K. V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Concert Works ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this article is process of analyzing in reference to concert capriccio by C. Munier for mandolin with piano («Bizzarria», op. 201, Spanish сapriccio, op. 276) from the point of view of their genre specificity. Methodology. The research is based on the historical approach, which determines the specifics of the genre of Capriccio in the music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in the work of C. Munier; the computational and analytical methods used to identify the peculiarities of the formulation and the performing interpretation of the original concert pianos for mandolins with piano that, according to the genre orientation (according to the composerʼs remarks), are defined as capriccio. Scientific novelty. The creation of Florentine composer,61mandolinist-vertuoso and pedagog C. Munier, which made about 300 compositions, is exponential for represented scientific vector. Concert works by C. Munier for mandolin and piano, created in the capriccio genre, were not yet considered in the art of the outdoors, as the creativity and composer’s style of the famous mandolinist. Conclusions. Thus, appealing to capriccio by С. Munier, which created only two works, embodied in them virtually all the evolutionary stages of the development of genre. In his opus of this genre there are a vocal, inherent in capriccio of the 17th century solo presentation, virtuosity, originality, which were embodied in the works of 17th – 18th centuries and the national color of the 19th century is clearly expressed. Thus, the Spanish capriccio is a kind of «musical encyclopedia» of national dance, which features are characteristic features of bolero, tarantella, habanera, and so forth. The originality of opus number 201 – «Bizzarria», is embodied in the parameters of shaping (expanded cadence of the soloist in the beginning) and emphasized virtuosity, which is realized in a wide register range, a variety of technical elements.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

On the Origin of the Zaraysk Gospel

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Alexey B. Mazurov ◽  
Alexander V. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

The article considers theoretical development of the problem of the origin and provenance in the 15th — the first quarter of the 19th century of the famous Old Russian book monument — the Zaraysk Gospel. Although it has repeatedly attracted the attention of archaeographers, textologists, paleographers, linguists and art historians, this article is the first experience of studying these issues. Created in 1401 in Moscow, the Gospel, which is parchment manuscript, was purchased in 1825 by K.F. Kalaidovich for Count N.P. Rumyantsev from the Zaraysk merchant K.I. Averin, that determined its name by the place of discovery. The scribe book of Zaraysk in 1625 in the altar of the Pyatnitsky chapel of the St. Nikolas wooden church (“which’s on the square”) in the city’s Posad, recorded the description of the manuscript Gospel, corresponding by a number of features to the Zaraysk Gospel. The connection of the codex with the St. Nicholas church is indirectly confirmed by the drawing of the church placed on one of its pages (f. 156 ver.) with the remains of inscription mentioning St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. This allows concluding that the manuscript in the 17th century was in the book collection of the temple. In the 17th century, the ancient St. Nicholas church was re-consecrated to the Epiphany, and the sacristy was moved to the stone St. Nicholas cathedral in Zaraysk. It is most likely that in the first quarter of the 19th century, the merchant K.I. Averin purchased the Gospel from the members of the cathedral’s clergy. The article analyzes the context of the early contributions of the 15th century “to the Miraculous Icon of St. Nikolas of Zaraysk”, one of which, most likely, was the parchment Zaraysk Gospel. The authors assume that this contribution is related to the chronicle events of 1401 or 1408. The study is significant in terms of the theoretical development of methods for identifying ancient manuscripts and their origin.

Once the First Button is Put Wrong… An Assessment of A Study by Judith Pfeiffer on Kashf al-asrār fī ilzām al-Yahūd wa-l-aḥbār by Yūsuf Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Dayyān

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
Fuat Aydın
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century

Refutations by native or converted Muslims to reject religions other than Islam have been produced for ages, including during the Ottoman era. However, studies about such refutations have mainly focused on the Ottoman world from the 19th century until the 2000s. One of the exceptions is Judith Pfeiffer’s study on Kashf al-asrār fī ilzām al-Yahūd wa-l-aḥbār by Yūsuf Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Dayyān. This paper intends to demonstrate that the conclusion reached by Pfeiffer, i.e., that the text, which she dates to 17th century within the context of the Qāḍīzādelis-Sivāsīs debate and uses as a reference, is actually a tract called al-Radd ʿalá l-Yahūd by Ṭāshkuprīzādah, is not accurate. This paper also aims to demonstrate that Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Dayyān actually lived in the 16th century and wrote this work in relation to the Jews who had become gradually more visible in the social and cultural life of Istanbul following their migration from Spain and that the use of the reference is actually the use of the book of Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Dayyān by Ṭāshkuprīzādah.

scholarly journals O kształtowaniu się staropolskiej formuły Jakoby rzekł

LingVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Dorota Rojszczak-Robińska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The 19Th Century

On Shaping the jakoby rzekł Formula in the Old Polish Language In the 15th century, a commenting formula: jakoby rzekł appeared in Polish as a calque of the Latin: quasi dicat. Its accumulation can be seen in those old Polish apocrypha that are multi-source and focused on theology, not just events. The jakoby rzekł formula occurs almost exclusively in dialogue and introduces a paraphrase of the quoted statement of a Biblical character. It serves various purposes: theological exegesis, especially explaining controversial issues and, sometimes, simplifying theological content, making the figure of Jesus more familiar, or changing the emotional attitude of the reader; also, it introduces explanations of foreign terms. The formula: jakoby rzekł became especially popular in the 16th-century religious texts. They include all functions of the formula noticed in the medieval materials. The formula was used in the Polish language until the 19th century.

scholarly journals The Roman epigraphic collection of 17th century antiquarian Ferenc Lugossy from Petreștii de Jos (Cluj County)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Dávid Petruț ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Original Composition ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Stone Monument ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Humanist Tradition ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century

The question of Roman epigraphic and antiquities collections in Transylvania is typically associated with the antiquarian activity of the local aristocracy during the 19th century, especially the “ruin parks” set up on their country estates. The beginnings of these antiquarian endeavours however date back to much earlier times, being linked to the circle of humanist church intellectuals active in Alba Iulia/Gyulafehérvár starting with the 15th century. The collection founded by Ferenc Lugossy, prominent member of the Transylvanian princely court during the second half of the 17th century, can be regarded as a later manifestation of the aforementioned humanist tradition, even though it was established at his estate in Petreștii de Jos/Magyarpeterd, situated at the foot of the Turda Gorge (Cheile Turzii/Tordai‑hasadék), rather than the princely capital. The sources indicate that we are dealing with one of the most important, if not the most important local Roman stone monument collections of the time. Documents also inform us that following the death of its founder – probably in 1692 – the collection swiftly began to disintegrate, and by the beginning of the 20th century it had completely ceased to exist, the monuments being either taken away or used as construction material by the locals. The present paper is an attempt to reconstruct the history and original composition of this important collection.

Islam di Bolaang Mongondow Utara, Sulawesi Utara: Dinamika Islamisasi di Kerajaan Kaidipang Besar dan Bintauna Abad ke-7-19 M

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-500
Author(s):  
Donald Qomaidiansyah Tungkagi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The position of North Bolaang Mongondow is very strategic for trade routes as a former coastal kingdom region. Even this area is included in the spice routes to Maluku as the center of the Islamic kingdom in the eastern archipelago. The dynamics of Islamization in North Bolaang Mongondow occur through various channels of Islamization, the most striking is the influence of the trade route in the Sulawesi Sea region and its relations with the tetanga kingdoms, especially the Sultanate of Ternate. Unlike other regions, Catholicism became the religion of the kings in the North Bolaang Mongondow region before the entry of Islam. The important dynamics of Islamization in North Bolaang Mongondow are: in the beginning Islamization in the North Bolaang Mongondow region was bottom up, and from the 17th to the 19th centuries it was struc­tured in the bureaucracy of the royal government (top down). This paper is a historical writing, using the historical method; heuristics, cri­ticisms, interpretations, and historiography that are qualitative-analysis and are able to show a series of Islamization processes that took place in North Bolaang Mongondow in the 17th century to the 19th century. The results of this study indicate that the influence of Islam begins with the trade net­work in the Sulawesi Sea region, for traders who connect to Maluku as a pattern of Islamization. This network has an impact on social change in North Bolaang Mongondow which occurred in the 17th century until the 19th century since the first time Islam’s encounter with the kingdoms in the northern coast of the Sulawesi Sea peninsula was tracked.Keywords: Islamization, Sulawesi Sea, Kaidipang Besar, Bintauna, North Bolaang Mongondow Sebagai wilayah bekas kerajaan pesisir, posisi Bolaang Mongondow Utara sangat strategis untuk rute perdagangan. Bahkan wilayah ini ter­masuk dalam jalur rempah-rempah (spice routes) menuju Maluku sebagai pusat kerajaan Islam di bagian timur Nusantara. Dinamika Islamisasi di Bolaang Mongondow Utara terjadi melalui berbagai saluran Islamisasi, yang paling mencolok adalah pengaruh jalur niaga di kawasan Laut Sulawesi dan serta hubungan dengan kerajaan-kerajaan tetanga, terutama Kesultanan Ternate. Berbeda dengan daerah lain, agama Katolik menjadi agama raja-raja di wilayah Bolaang Mongondow Utara sebelum masuk­nya Islam. Dinamika Islamisasi di Bolaang Mongondow Utara yang pen­ting dicatat diantaranya: pada mulanya Islamisasi di wilayah Bolaang Mongondow Utara melalui jalur bawah (bottom up), dan sejak abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-19 terstruktur dalam birokrasi pemerintahan kerajaan (top down). Tulisan ini merupakan tulisan sejarah, dengan menggunakan metode sejarah; heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi yang bersifat ana­lisis-kualitatif dan mampu menunjukkan satu rangkaian proses Islamisasi yang terjadi di Bolaang Mongondow Utara abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-19. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh Islam diawali dari jaringan perdagangan di kawasan Laut Sulawesi, bagi pedagang yang menghu­bung­kan ke Maluku sebagai satu pola Islamisasi. Jaringan ini memberi dampak terhadap perubahan sosial di Bolaang Mongondow Utara yang terjadi pada abad ke-17-19 M.Kata kunci: Islamisasi, Laut Sulawesi, Kaidipang Besar, Bintauna, Bolaang Mongondow Utara 

The Origin of the Javanese Mosque

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

The difficulties when making an investigation into the origin of Jaranese mosques are numerous. Owing to the limited durability of the material from which they are made – in the majority of cases of wood – the remains of old mosques are rare. There are no pictures from the 16th century; from the 17th century we have only a couple; from the 18th century hardly any. In the 19th century we find more of them.

scholarly journals Crisi e Rigenerazione nella valle dell'Alto Khabur (Siria)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Near East ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the history and archaeology of the Ancient Near East, the period between the end of the third and the beginning of the second millennium BC in northern Mesopotamia constitutes a 'Media Aetas', an obscure period between the flourishing of the urban cultures of the Ancient Bronze Age in the middle of the III millennium BC and the development of the Amorite states of the Middle Bronze Age at the end of the 19th century BC. The identification in the archaeological sequence of Tell Barri, the ancient city of Kahat, of the ceramic horizon coeval with the 'urban crisis' that preceded the diffusion of the painted ceramic of Khabur, associated with a new phenomenon of sedentarisation, makes it possible to redefine the chronology of events in the region. It aso enables a delineation of the processes of interaction between the various social realities of northern Mesopotamia in the phase of formation that underlies the subsequent cultural development of the II millennium BC.

The Concept of “Zemsky Sobor” in the Interpretation of State Authority in Russia of the 19th Century: From Karamzin to Stepnyak-Kravchinsky

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Badalyan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The 19Th Century

“Zemsky Sobor” was one of the key concepts in Russian political discourse in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. It can be traced to the notion well-known already since the 17th century. Still in the course of further evolution it received various mew meaning and connotations in the discourse of different political trends. The author of the article examines various stages of this concept configuring in the works of the Decembrists, especially Slavophiles, and then in the political projects and publications of the socialists, liberals and “aristocratic” opposition.

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