„Who Wishes to Understand the Poet Must Go to the Poet’s Land”: Tadeusz Różewicz’s Journeys Beyond the Eastern Border

Tekstualia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (64) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Maja Dziedzic
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Travel Abroad ◽  
International Success

The article reconstructs the itineraries of Tadeusz Różewicz’s journeys to the USSR and Russia. A relatively liberal political situation after the period of stalinism allowed the author of Anxiety to travel abroad after the international success of his works from the 60s. Despite his declared reluctance to travel, Różewicz travelled both east and west. On the basis of the poet’s notes, interviews and, above all, correspondence, it is possible to reconstruct the itineraries his travels to the Soviet Union, and after its fall to the Russian Federation, as well as identify literary inspirations related to specifi c trips. Różewicz’s Russian journeys attest to his fascination with classic works of Russian literature, which became the subject of his discussions with renowned Russian writers and artists as well as with his Polish friends, Ryszard Przybylski and Jerzy Nowosielski, both of whom he corresponded extensively with. The analysis of Różewicz’s letters shows that the subject of travel can establish a new direction in the critical study of his writing.

scholarly journals Genesis of establishment and development of the judicial system of the Russian Federation in the late XX – early XXI centuries: institutional and normative characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Valentina Mikhailovna Bol'shakova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of this research is the evolution of the structure of judicial system of the Russian Federation in the late XX – early XXI centuries. Description is given to the changes undergone by the Russian judicial system after dissolution of the Soviet Union. The author follows the dynamics of the normative legal changes that regulate judicial proceedings, as well as reveals the institutional framework of the modern structure of judicial system of the Russian Federation. The article illustrates the institutional and normative changes within the structure of judicial system of the Russian Federation in the late XX – early XXI centuries based on application of the comparative-legal and systemic methods of research. The novelty and the main conclusions lie in the following: it is established that the Russian Federation has issued the normative legal acts that contribute to the strengthening and unification of the Russian judicial system, uniformity of social guarantees and compensations set for judges. Currently, the judicial system of the Russian Federation is founded on the principle of combining administrative-territorial and district organization. It is determined that the judicial system of the Russian Federation consists of 1) the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; 2) the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; 3) federal courts of general jurisdiction; 4) arbitration courts; 5) magistrates’ courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is noted that since January 1, 2023, the Constitutional (statutory) courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation will be abolished.

scholarly journals Jews in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 231-246
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kharlamova ◽  
◽  
Alexander Novik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire

The aim of this essay is to present a comprehensive review of the collective monograph Evrei (The Jews), published in 2018 in the series Narody i kul’tury (Peoples and Culture). The authors give an overview of the modern developments in Jewish studies to acquaint the reader with the background of the reviewed monograph. Every chapter of the monograph is analyzed in detail, taking into account the most recently gathered ethnographic materials, such as the data recorded by Alexander Novik in Priazovye and Crimea in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the newest publications on the subject, such as a paper by Evgeniya Khazdan on Jewish traditional culture, published in 2018.

The development of trade relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Soviet Union (1960-1963)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
Argyrios Tasoulas
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus

This article studies the development of Soviet-Cypriot trade relations in 1960-63, based on research at the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AVP RF). Concurrently, a historical analysis follows the events after the creation of the new Cypriot state and the two major Cold War crises (the building of the Berlin wall and the Cuban missile crisis). The efforts made by both governments to develop bilateral trade, the aftermath of the two major international crises and the results of the two governments’ policies have been identified and analyzed.

Condition of the Armenian Apostolic Church at the Time of Coming to Authority N. S. Khrushchev

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-265
Author(s):  
Арсен Артурович Григорян
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Apostolic Church

Цель данной статьи - описать условия, в которых Армянская Апостольская Церковь вступила в эпоху правления Н. С. Хрущёва, начавшуюся в 1953 г. По содержанию статью можно поделить на две части: в первой даются сведения о количестве приходов на территории Советского Союза и за его пределами, а также о составе армянского духовенства в СССР; во второй излагаются проблемы, существовавшие внутри Армянской Церкви, и рассматриваются их причины. Методы исследования - описание и анализ. Ценность исследования заключается в использовании ранее неопубликованных документов Государственного архива Российской Федерации и Национального архива Армении. По итогам изучения фактического материала выделяются основные проблемы Армянской Апостольской Церкви на 1953 г.: финансовый дефицит, конфликт армянских католикосатов и стремление враждующих СССР и США использовать церковь в своих политических целях. The purpose of this article is to describe the conditions in which the Armenian Apostolic Church entered the epoch of the reign of N. S. Khrushchev, which began in 1953. The article can be divided into two parts: first one gives information about the number of parishes in the territory of the Soviet Union and beyond, and about the structure of the Armenian clergy in the USSR; the second one sets out the problems that existed in the Armenian Church and discusses their causes. Research methods - description and analysis. The value of the study lies in the use of previously unpublished documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the National Archive of Armenia. Based on the results of studying the materials, the main problems of the Armenian Apostolic Church in 1953 are: financial deficit, the conflict of Armenian Catholicosates and the eagerness of USSR and the USA, that feuded with each other, to use the Сhurch for their political purposes.

Gorbachev, ideology, and the fate of Soviet communism

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-474
Author(s):  
R. Judson Mitchell ◽  
Randall S. Arrington
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Democratic Centralism ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Party Elites ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
The Russian Federation

The collapse of the Soviet Union has spurred much scholarly debate about the reasons for the rapid disintegration of this apparently entrenched system. In this article, it is argued that the basic source of ultimate weakness was the obverse of the system’s strengths, especially its form of organization and its relation to Marxist–Leninist ideology. Democratic centralism provided cohesion for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) but also gave inordinate control over ideology to the party leader. Mikhail Gorbachev carried out an ideological revision that undercut the legitimacy of party elites and his restructuring of the system left the party with no clear functional role in the society. The successor party, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF), has made a surprising comeback for communism, utilizing the Leninist model of party organization, which has proved to be highly effective in the Russian political culture. Furthermore, the CPRF, under party leaders like Gennadi Zyuganov, has avoided Gorbachev’s ideological deviations while attempting to broaden the party’s base through the cultivation of Russian nationalism.

The Development of the Concept of Reactive Psychoses

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (S4) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Strömgren
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Standard Textbook ◽  
The Subject

The concept of reactive or psychogenic psychoses has had a peculiar fate. Especially at the beginning of the century, under the influence of the writings of Jaspers (Jaspers, 1913) which included definitions of ‘psychogenic’ and ‘psychoses’, the term ‘psychogenic psychoses’ came into common use in European psychiatry. In Scandinavia, this trend was greatly reinforced by August Wimmer's monograph in 1916 on the subject. In the later editions of Kraepelin's standard textbook, the concept appeared quite frequently, and the same was the case in other leading textbooks, for instance in the Soviet Union and Japan.

Choice in the West

1953 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-167
Author(s):  
S. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Working Out

The advent of a new administration in the United States and the passage of seven years since the end of World War II make it appropriate to review the political situation which has developed in Europe during that period and to ask what choices now are open to the West in its relations with the Soviet Union.The end of World War II found Europe torn between conflicting conceptions of international politics and of the goals that its members should seek. The democratic powers, led by the United States, viewed the world in traditional, Western, terms. The major problem, as they saw it, was one of working out a moral and legal order to which all powers could subscribe, and in which they would live. Quite independently of the environment, they assumed that one political order was both more practicable and more desirable than some other, and that their policies should be directed toward its attainment.

scholarly journals Dyplomacja Nicolae Ceauşescu wobec przemian politycznych w Polsce w 1989 roku

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Communist Leader ◽  
Armed Intervention ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Gorbachev Era ◽  
Nicolae Ceausescu

Nicolae Ceauşescu’s Diplomacy in the Face of Political Changes in Poland in 1989 In 1989, Romania belonged to the communist countries, which particularly strongly attacked communist Poland for carrying out democratic reforms. For many months the diplomacy of communist leader Nicolae Ceaşescu tried to organize a conference of socialist countries on the subject of Poland, but as a result of Moscow’s opposition it did not come to fruition. During the Gorbachev era, the Soviet Union rejected the Brezhnev doctrine, while Romania actually urged its restoration. This was in contradiction with the current political line of Ceauşescu in favor of not interfering in the internal affairs of socialist countries. However, in 1989 it was a threat to communism, which is why historians also have polemics about Romanian suggestions for the armed intervention of the Warsaw Pact in Poland. In turn, Romania did not allow Poland to interfere in the problems of the Polish minority in Bukovina.

scholarly journals Informal religiosity of central Volga area and Ural area «Muslim» peoples in 1960-1970

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Azat Korbangalievich Idiatullov ◽  
Lilia Nadipovna Galimova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Cultural Component

In recent years there has been an increased interest in Islam and Islamic law. Islam plays a very significant role in the modern world. Close interaction between legal and religious prescriptions of Islam, the religious basis of Muslim law, Muslim character is not in doubt. The article analyses informal religiosity of Muslim peoples of the Middle Volga and Urals in the 1960-1970. This time for relations between the authorities and Islamic institutions is relatively liberal. The restoration and development of official, allowed in the Soviet Union, as well as quite nontraditional for the Soviet time Islamic practices are noted by the authorities in the Middle Volga and the Urals. The reports name such informal forms of religiosity as neo-paganism, wandering mullahs, unofficial Muslim groups, worship, places of burial of saints and Sufi sources. The authorities, the party authorities, the official Muslim clergy stopped all forms of unofficial religiosity. For the Muslim peoples Islam has often been the subject of interest as a cultural component of their traditional worldview rather than a religious system. The authors believe that the Islamic religion has moved from ethno-cultural to the personal, informal level.

scholarly journals Genesis and prerequisites for the emergence of youth parliamentarism in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Daniil Andreevich Phedotov
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Pool

The object of this research is the regional youth representative structures, while the subject is the establishment of youth parliamentary structures in the Russian Federation. The research leans on the methodology of historical neo-institutionalism with the “path dependence” approach. Attention is turned to studying the topic from the perspective of the need of federal and regional government in young personnel, substantiated by the shortage of competent specialists as a result of social disturbances. The empirical basis of this research is the interview with the former governor of Vologda Region (from 1996 to 2011) Vyacheslav Pozgalev, who was among the pioneers of the youth parliamentary movement. The novelty of this lies in examination of the phenomenon of youth parliamentarism in historical aspect. The date of creation of the first youth parliamentary body in Russia is established. The author determines five key prerequisites for the emergence of youth parliamentarism in the Russian Federation: European Charter; proliferation of the Western democratic values; political situation in the country; need for conventional self-expression of youth and creation of the filter for the youth labor pool. These prerequisites contributed the emergence and development of the institutions for expressing the political demands of the youth in the context of continuous dialogue ion with the federal and local government.

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