Comparison of prices and consumer price indices: traditional data collection and alternative data sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 32-69
Author(s):  
Jacek Białek ◽  
Alina Dominiczak-Astin ◽  
Dorota Turek
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Graphical Methods ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Box Plots ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Different Sources

One of the major challenges official statistics is faced with in the 21st century is the use of alternative sources of price data in order to modernise consumer price statistics and, as a result, to improve the accuracy and reliability of inflation data. Data collecting based on the traditional method encountered numerous difficulties caused by COVID-19 (distance-keeping restrictions limiting price collectors’ fieldwork, closures of points of sale). As a consequence, the work on alternative data sources intensified. The article presents the results of an experimental study involving the use of prices collected by means of the traditional method (by price collectors), and scanner and web scraped data from one of the retail chains operating in Poland. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of differences in prices and price indices of selected food products and to estimate them, using the traditional method and alternative data sources, i.e. scanner and web scraped data. An additional goal was set to identify sourcebased reasons for these differences. The empirical study covered the period of February and March 2021. The results based on data from different sources were compared using both graphical methods (histograms, box plots) and the calculation of elementary price indices according to the Dutot, Carli and Jevons formulas. The findings revealed certain, sometimes serious discrepancies in the distributions of prices obtained from various data sources, which suggests that the application of scanner and web scraped data may lead to the over- and understating of price indices obtained via the traditional method. The article also discusses the main methodological aspects of obtaining and applying data from alternative sources, and indicates the probable causes of the differences observed both in distributions of product prices and in monthly price indices calculated using data from various sources.

Reconstruction of 3D Strata Model Based on Data from Multiple Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 3228-3231
Author(s):  
Pan Li ◽  
Liang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Delaunay Triangulation ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Realistic Result ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Modelling Process

Given the multiple-sources feature of geological interface data, in this paper we propose a universal 3D modelling method using data forms presented as dirllhole diagrams, geologic sections, and vectorized contour maps. In our strategy, data from different sources are all treated as discrete property points, upon which cubic interpolation interpolation is performed to make a denser grid. The final step is accomplished through constrained Delaunay triangulation of the top and bottom grids and boundaries to generate the strata model through triangular strips. Our method merges all kinds of data sources available into one single modelling process, thus the most realistic result is guaranteed.

Integration of statistical and administrative agricultural data from Namibia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Emily Berg ◽  
Johgho Im ◽  
Zhengyuan Zhu ◽  
Colin Lewis-Beck ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Administrative Agencies ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Using Data

Statistical and administrative agencies often collect information on related parameters. Discrepancies between estimates from distinct data sources can arise due to differences in definitions, reference periods, and data collection protocols. Integrating statistical data with administrative data is appealing for saving data collection costs, reducing respondent burden, and improving the coherence of estimates produced by statistical and administrative agencies. Model based techniques, such as small area estimation and measurement error models, for combining multiple data sources have benefits of transparency, reproducibility, and the ability to provide an estimated uncertainty. Issues associated with integrating statistical data with administrative data are discussed in the context of data from Namibia. The national statistical agency in Namibia produces estimates of crop area using data from probability samples. Simultaneously, the Namibia Ministry of Agriculture, Water, and Forestry obtains crop area estimates through extension programs. We illustrate the use of a structural measurement error model for the purpose of synthesizing the administrative and survey data to form a unified estimate of crop area. Limitations on the available data preclude us from conducting a genuine, thorough application. Nonetheless, our illustration of methodology holds potential use for a general practitioner.

scholarly journals Hybrid Modeling of Materials Properties for Improved CAE-Simulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Diekmann ◽  
Alex Miron ◽  
Andreea Trasca
Keyword(s):  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Parametric Space ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Different Sources

The new MatPlus software supports the multi-dimensional modelling of materials properties using different data sources. Extensive mathematical functions allow curve fitting of data from different sources to any constitutive models and selectively combining models and datapoints along different dimensions. Physically consistent extrapolation of measured data within the complete multi-dimensional parametric space can be achieved. An integrated library of models can be extended by the user and already contains many popular equations like Hensel-Spittel and Zerilli-Armstrong for flow curves.

The Public Sector Mediation Process

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Kochan ◽  
Todd Jick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops and tests a model of the labor mediation process using data from a sample of negotiations involving municipal governments and police and firefighter unions in the State of New York. The test of the model also incorporates an estimate of the impact of a change in the statutory impasse procedures governing these groups. The model examines the impact of (1) alternative sources of impasse, (2) situational characteristics, (3) strategies of the mediators, and (4) personal characteristics of the mediators on the probability of settlement, percentage of issues resolved in mediation, movement or compromising behavior, and the tendency to hold back concessions in mediation. The results indicate that the change in the impasse procedure had a marginal affect on the probability of settlement in the small to medium cities in the sample but little or no effect on the larger cities. Furthermore, a number of other measures of the sources of impasse and mediator strategies and characteristics had a stronger impact on the effectiveness of the mediation process than the nature of the impasse procedure.

scholarly journals Combined electricity pricing model taking into account the “green tariff” and traditional factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00019
Author(s):  
Yuliia Halynska ◽  
Tetiana Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
End User ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Different Sources

The article proposes a new optimization model of systemic relationships and effects in the formation of a pricing policy for electricity from combined sources of electricity, taking into account indicators of anthropogenic impact and non-renewable resources, socio-environmental and economic interests of society in the distribution of rental income. The model in the end result provides for the formation of a combined model of tariff setting in the energy sector, according to which electricity tariffs for the end user of the corresponding region will combine both market prices for energy generated from alternative sources and prices for energy generated from traditional sources. The authors improved the scientific and methodological approach to identify, formalize and quantify the multiplier effects that arise as a result of a combination of non-renewable and renewable sources of electricity. Also, the article improves the scientific and methodological approach to assessing the benefits of combining different sources of electricity and their advantages when forming a pricing policy within a single energy strategy.

scholarly journals Cross-national comparisons of health indicators require standardized definitions and common data sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Tolonen ◽  
Jaakko Reinikainen ◽  
Päivikki Koponen ◽  
Hanna Elonheimo ◽  
Luigi Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Abstract Background Health indicators are used to monitor the health status and determinants of health of the population and population sub-groups, identify existing or emerging health problems which would require prevention and health promotion activities, help to target health care resources in the most adequate way as well as for evaluation of the success of public health actions both at the national and international level. The quality and validity of the health indicator depends both on available data and used indicator definition. In this study we will evaluate existing knowledge about comparability of different data sources for definition of health indicators, compare how selected health indicators presented in different international databases possibly differ, and finally, present the results from a case study from Finland on comparability of health indicators derived from different data sources at national level. Methods For comparisons, four health indicators were selected that were commonly available in international databases and available for the Finnish case study. These were prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and asthma in the adult populations. Our evaluation has three parts: 1) a scoping review of the latest literature, 2) comparison of the prevalences presented in different international databases, and 3) a case study using data from Finland. Results Literature shows that comparability of estimated outcomes for health indicators using different data sources such as self-reported questionnaire data from surveys, measured data from surveys or data from administrative health registers, varies between indicators. Also, the case study from Finland showed that diseases which require regular health care visits such as diabetes, comparability is high while for health outcomes which can remain asymptomatic for a long time such as hypertension, comparability is lower. In different international health related databases, country specific results differ due to variations in the used data sources but also due to differences in indicator definitions. Conclusions Reliable comparison of the health indicators over time and between regions within a country or across the countries requires common indicator definitions, similar data sources and standardized data collection methods.

scholarly journals Characterization and selection of Japanese electronic health record databases used as data sources for non-interventional observational studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Wakabayashi ◽  
Masamitsu Eitoku ◽  
Narufumi Suganuma
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Interventional studies are the fundamental method for obtaining answers to clinical question. However, these studies are sometimes difficult to conduct because of insufficient financial or human resources or the rarity of the disease in question. One means of addressing these issues is to conduct a non-interventional observational study using electronic health record (EHR) databases as the data source, although how best to evaluate the suitability of an EHR database when planning a study remains to be clarified. The aim of the present study is to identify and characterize the data sources that have been used for conducting non-interventional observational studies in Japan and propose a flow diagram to help researchers determine the most appropriate EHR database for their study goals. Methods We compiled a list of published articles reporting observational studies conducted in Japan by searching PubMed for relevant articles published in the last 3 years and by searching database providers’ publication lists related to studies using their databases. For each article, we reviewed the abstract and/or full text to obtain information about data source, target disease or therapeutic area, number of patients, and study design (prospective or retrospective). We then characterized the identified EHR databases. Results In Japan, non-interventional observational studies have been mostly conducted using data stored locally at individual medical institutions (713/1463) or collected from several collaborating medical institutions (351/1463). Whereas the studies conducted with large-scale integrated databases (195/1463) were mostly retrospective (68.2%), 27.2% of the single-center studies, 46.2% of the multi-center studies, and 74.4% of the post-marketing surveillance studies, identified in the present study, were conducted prospectively. Conclusions Our analysis revealed that the non-interventional observational studies were conducted using data stored local at individual medical institutions or collected from collaborating medical institutions in Japan. Disease registries, disease databases, and large-scale databases would enable researchers to conduct studies with large sample sizes to provide robust data from which strong inferences could be drawn. Using our flow diagram, researchers planning non-interventional observational studies should consider the strengths and limitations of each available database and choose the most appropriate one for their study goals. Trial registration Not applicable.

scholarly journals Penerapan Kurikulum 2013 Revisi 2018 dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Machrus Salim ◽  
Nila Mujtahidah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Success Indicators ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Using Data

The study aim at investigating the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating of the Revised 2013 Curriculum year 2018 to improve the students' achievement. The study was case study research with multi case study design as the objects of the study had some similarities. The data sources were the results of conducting interviews, documentations, and observations. The data analysis included data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The data were verified using data sources triangulation.The result showed: 1) The planning at SMP Raden Fatah Batu and MTs Ihyaul Ulum Gresik was initiated by comprehending the existing syllabus, mapping the main and basic competence as well as the success indicators for each subject. The involvement of the teachers in The Teacher Association Forum was maximized to share ideas and conform the planning. 2) In implementing, both schools involved the associated basic competence and current issues, created pleasant and conducive learning, used learning media, and involved the parents which were effective in improving the students' achievement. 3) The evaluation was conducted comprehensively and factually. The students' achievement was identified continually on all of the aspects of learning and it involved teacher-counselor The final score was derived from the averaged total score.

scholarly journals RESPONS AL JAM’IYATUL WASHLIYAH TERHADAP TERORISME

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ja'far Ja'far
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Suicide Bombings ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Al Washliyah merupakan satu di antara banyak organisasi Islam yang menolak paham dan gerakan terorisme di Indonesia. Artikel ini mengkaji respons Al Washliyah terhadap terorisme. Kajian ini menarik dilakukan, sebab organisasi ini memiliki pengikut yang fanatik dan mengelola amal usaha yang banyak, tetapi masih relatif jarang diteliti oleh para peneliti. Kajian ini merupakan studi lapangan (library research) dimana sumber datanya diperoleh dari kegiatan wawancara dan studi dokumen. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis data menurut Miles dan Huberman: reduksi data, pemaparan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Didasari dengan teori Matusitz, Pranawati, dan Golose tentang doktrin terorisme dimana gerakan ini ingin mendirikan negara Islam, memaknai jihad sebagai perang, anti terhadap non-Muslim, dan melegalkan bom bunuh diri, kajian ini akan menelaah respons Al Washliyah terhadap empat persoalan tersebut. Kajian ini mengajukan temuan bahwa Al Washliyah menolak paham dan gerakan terorisme yang muncul dan berkembang di Indonesia, dan para ulamanya menilai bahwa kaum teroris telah salah dalam memahami ajaran Islam. Temuan kajian ini dapat berkontribusi bagi pemerintah dalam upaya menanggulangi gerakan terorisme di Indonesia. Al Washliyah is one of Islamic organizations that rejects the concept of terrorism in Indonesia. This article examines Al Washliyah's responses to terrorism. This study is interesting because this organization has fanatic followers and manages many business charities, but rarely investigated by researchers. This research is field studies where the data sources obtained from the interviews activities and document studies. Data were analyzed by using data analysis method according to Miles and Huberman: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. Based on the theory of Matusitz, Pranawati, and Golose about terrorism doctrine in which the program wants to establish an Islamic state, interpret jihad as war, anti to non-Muslims, and legalize suicide bombings, this study will examine the Al Washliyah's responses to those four issues. This study proposes that Al Washliyah rejects the concept of terrorism which appears and develops in Indonesia, and ulama consider that terrorists have misunderstood on Islamic concept. The findings of this study may contribute to the government in combating terrorism movement in Indonesia.

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