scholarly journals In-situ Neutron Scattering as a Grand Opportunity for Caloric Materials Research: A Case Study of Colossal Barocaloric Effects

hamon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Materials Research

scholarly journals Functional materials analysis usingin situandin operandoX-ray and neutron scattering

IUCrJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa K. Peterson ◽  
Christine M. Papadakis
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
In Operando ◽  
Types Of Information

In situandin operandostudies are commonplace and necessary in functional materials research. This review highlights recent developments in the analysis of functional materials using state-of-the-artin situandin operandoX-ray and neutron scattering and analysis. Examples are given covering a number of important materials areas, alongside a description of the types of information that can be obtained and the experimental setups used to acquire them.

scholarly journals Towards neutron scattering experiments with sub-millisecond time resolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Adlmann ◽  
P. Gutfreund ◽  
J. F. Ankner ◽  
J. F. Browning ◽  
A. Parizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Neutron Reflectivity ◽  
Reversible Process ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Flight Mode ◽  
Materials Research

Neutron scattering techniques offer several unique opportunities in materials research. However, most neutron scattering experiments suffer from the limited flux available at current facilities. This limitation becomes even more severe if time-resolved or kinetic experiments are performed. A new method has been developed which overcomes these limitations when a reversible process is studied, without any compromise on resolution or beam intensity. It is demonstrated that, by recording in absolute time the neutron detector events linked to an excitation, information can be resolved on sub-millisecond timescales. Specifically, the concept of the method is demonstrated by neutron reflectivity measurements in time-of-flight mode at the Liquids Reflectometer located at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA, combined within siturheometry. The opportunities and limitations of this new technique are evaluated by investigations of a micellar polymer solution offering excellent scattering contrast combined with high sensitivity to shear.

Neutron Scattering in Materials Research

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. Mason ◽  
A.D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Neutron Cross Sections ◽  
Scattering Cross Sections

With materials of ever-increasing complexity becoming key elements of the technologies underpinning industrial and economic development, there is an ongoing need for tools that reveal the microscopic origins of physical, electrical, magnetic, chemical, and biological properties. Neutron scattering is one such powerful tool for the study of the structure and dynamics of materials. Neutrons are well suited to this purpose for several reasons:∎ Neutrons are electrically neutral, leading to penetration depths of centimeters and thereby enabling in situ studies.∎ Neutron cross sections exhibit no regular dependence on atomic number and are similar in magnitude across the periodic table, giving rise to sensitivity to light elements in the presence of heavier ones.∎ Certain large differences in isotopic scattering cross sections (e.g., hydrogen to deuterium, H/D) make neutrons especially useful for the study of light atoms in materials.∎ The range of momentum transfer available allows probing of a broad range of length scales (0.1–105 Å), important in many different materials and applications.∎ Thermal and “cold” (longer-wavelength) neutrons cover a range of energies sufficient to probe a wide range of lattice or magnetic excitations, “slow” dynamic processes such as polymer chain reptation, and so forth.∎ Neutrons have magnetic moments and are thus uniquely sensitive probes of magnetic interactions.∎ Neutrons can be polarized, allowing the cross sections (magnetic and non-magnetic) to be separated.∎ The simplicity of the magnetic and nuclear interactions makes interpretation of results straightforward.

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering in a High-Temperature Furnace

1994 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Long ◽  
H.M. Kerch ◽  
S. Krueger ◽  
A.J. Allen ◽  
H. Burdette
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
High Temperature Furnace ◽  
Materials Research

ABSTRACTSmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is increasingly used to obtain statistically-representative data on particle or pore sizes, number and volume fractions, morphology and total surface areas in technological materials. Until recently, however, it had not been possible to perform in-situ microstructural investigations during thermal treatment. This paper reports on a new high-temperature (up to 1700°C) SANS furnace for materials research. Two interchangeable inner furnaces were built for a single outer atmosphere chamber so that either an oxidizing, a reducing, or a neutral environment can be used. Results derived during sintering of a controlled-porosity silica gel will be presented. The new furnace has made it possible for the first time to measure total porous surface areas and the evolution of pore sizes in situ during densification without interruption. Such measurements are expected to lead to improved process models offering quantitative predictability of product microstructures from the processing history of real materials.

SenCity – Evaluating Users’ Experiences of Intelligent Lighting for Well-Being in Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Henrika Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Anna Luusua ◽  
Eveliina Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
System Data

This paper presents the evaluation of usersХ experiences in three intelligent lighting pilots in Finland. Two of the case studies are related to the use of intelligent lighting in different kinds of traffic areas, having emphasis on aspects of visibility, traffic and movement safety, and sense of security. The last case study presents a more complex view to the experience of intelligent lighting in smart city contexts. The evaluation methods, tailored to each pilot context, include questionnaires, an urban dashboard, in-situ interviews and observations, evaluation probes, and system data analyses. The applicability of the selected and tested methods is discussed reflecting the process and achieved results.

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

scholarly journals An Improved Algorithm for Measuring Nitrate Concentrations in Seawater Based on Deep-Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry: A Case Study of the Aoshan Bay Seawater and Western Pacific Seawater

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Xingyue Zhu ◽  
Kaixiong Yu ◽  
Xiaofan Zhu ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Chi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrometer ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Reflection Probe

Nowadays, it is still a challenge for commercial nitrate sensors to meet the requirement of high accuracy in a complex water. Based on deep-ultraviolet spectral analysis and a regression algorithm, a different measuring method for obtaining the concentration of nitrate in seawater is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a deuterium lamp, an optical fiber splitter module, a reflection probe, temperature and salinity sensors, and a deep-ultraviolet spectrometer. The regression model based on weighted average kernel partial least squares (WA-KPLS) algorithm together with corrections for temperature and salinity (TSC) is established. After that, the seawater samples from Western Pacific and Aoshan Bay in Qingdao, China with the addition of various nitrate concentrations are studied to verify the reliability and accuracy of the method. The results show that the TSC-WA-KPLS algorithm shows the best results when compared against the multiple linear regression (MLR) and ISUS (in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer) algorithms in the temperatures range of 4–25 °C, with RMSEP of 0.67 µmol/L for Aoshan Bay seawater and 1.08 µmol/L for Western Pacific seawater. The method proposed in this paper is suitable for measuring the nitrate concentration in seawater with higher accuracy, which could find application in the development of in-situ and real-time nitrate sensors.

In situ neutron scattering studies of a liquid–liquid phase transition in the supercooled liquid of a Zr–Cu–Al–Ag glass-forming alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (19) ◽  
pp. 191901
Author(s):  
Weixia Dong ◽  
Zhenduo Wu ◽  
Jiacheng Ge ◽  
Sinan Liu ◽  
Si Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Liquid Phase Transition ◽  
Glass Forming

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrogeochemistry on Tunnel Drainage in Evaporitic Formations: El Regajal Tunnel Case Study (Aranjuez, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Ignacio Menéndez Pidal ◽  
Jose Antonio Mancebo Piqueras ◽  
Eugenio Sanz Pérez ◽  
Clemente Sáenz Sanz
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Underground Flow ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

Many of the large number of underground works constructed or under construction in recent years are in unfavorable terrains facing unusual situations and construction conditions. This is the case of the subject under study in this paper: a tunnel excavated in evaporitic rocks that experienced significant karstification problems very quickly over time. As a result of this situation, the causes that may underlie this rapid karstification are investigated and a novel methodology is presented in civil engineering where the use of saturation indices for the different mineral specimens present has been crucial. The drainage of the rock massif of El Regajal (Madrid-Toledo, Spain, in the Madrid-Valencia high-speed train line) was studied and permitted the in-situ study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of water flow in the Miocene evaporitic materials of the Tajo Basin as a full-scale testing laboratory, that are conforms as a whole, a single aquifer. The work provides a novel methodology based on the calculation of activities through the hydrogeochemical study of water samples in different piezometers, estimating the saturation index of different saline materials and the dissolution capacity of the brine, which is surprisingly very high despite the high electrical conductivity. The circulating brine appears unsaturated with respect to thenardite, mirabilite, epsomite, glauberite, and halite. The alteration of the underground flow and the consequent renewal of the water of the aquifer by the infiltration water of rain and irrigation is the cause of the hydrogeochemical imbalance and the modification of the characteristics of the massif. These modifications include very important loss of material by dissolution, altering the resistance of the terrain and the increase of the porosity. Simultaneously, different expansive and recrystallization processes that decrease the porosity of the massif were identified in the present work. The hydrogeochemical study allows the evolution of these phenomena to be followed over time, and this, in turn, may facilitate the implementation of preventive works in civil engineering.

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