Huawei’s Domestic Accumulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-53
Author(s):  
Yun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Structural Context ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fixed Line ◽  
Mobile Telecom ◽  
Mao Era

This chapter first provides an overview of China’s ICT developmental trajectory. The transition from self-sufficient industrial development in the Mao era to export-oriented, FDI-dependent industrialization in the post-Mao reform is examined to reveal the structural context that shaped Huawei’s development. This chapter then historicizes Huawei’s three crucial stages of domestic accumulation: (1) the initial stage of capital accumulation in the fixed-line sector from the 1980s to the mid-1990s, (2) the “struggling” developmental stage in the domestic mobile telecom market from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, and (3) the stage of strategic reorientation since the mid-2000s.

«(Великая) культурная революция» в приграничных к СССР районах КНР: ХулунБуир, провинция Хэйлунцзян (1966–1976 гг.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Ochirov Ts. Solbonovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

The research of the problems of the contemporary history of the NorthEastern China including the analysis of ideological and political campaigns of the second half of the XX century is one of the high-potential fields of the Oriental studies in our country. The article focuses on the period of the (Great) ‘Cultural Revolution’ (1966–1976) at bordering USSR Chinese regions — Heilongjiang province and Khulun-Buir aimak of the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. The goals of the study are set in concurrence with chronological order of the events: the ‘cultural revolution’ in the above mentioned regions had two stages. The study is based on the works of the Chinese historians. The given research highlights the specific features of the initial stage of the “cultural revolution” including the criticism of the party officials, establishment of revolution committees and running a political campaign ‘vasu’; considers the Soviet-Chinese conflict at the Daman island in 1969 to be a factor in the following political stabilization of the bordering territories; examines the movement for restoration of the party apparatus and the boost in the industrial development in 1970s of the last century.

Land and/or Labor? Predicament of Petty Commodity Producers among South Indian Villages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Ramana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Impact

This chapter revisits the experience of land reforms in Kerala and West Bengal to provide a comparative analysis of the impact of left reformism on the nature of capital accumulation in these two states. The chapter builds on a conceptual framework combining a contemporary Marxist reading of the agrarian question and the theoretical justification of land reforms from a developmentalist perspective. The analysis in the chapter shows that land reforms were not able to generate a process of inclusive industrial development in either state. In Kerala, land reforms did not revitalize agricultural production primarily because of a powerful trade union movement leading to overpricing of labor and resistance to technological upgrading while in West Bengal the sharp increase in agricultural productivity could not be transmitted to dynamic process of capital accumulation in the larger economy. This is interpreted as a disarticulation of the accumulation problematic of the agrarian question.

scholarly journals PEASANT SOCIETY IN JAPAN'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON RURAL LABOUR AND FINANCE MARKETS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Tanimoto
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Peasant Society ◽  
Peasant Household ◽  
History Of

This study aims to discuss the significant role of “peasant society” in understanding the economic history of both modern and early modern Japan.Independent peasant households proliferated in Japan in the seventeenth century, and from around the turn of the eighteenth century onwards they underwent a transformation into entities calledie,which owned family properties and bore responsibility for conveying these properties to the next generation. Although the development of the market economy also contributed to maintaining and activating the peasant society, the function of the labour market was strongly influenced by the strategy of peasant households to pursue the optimal utilization of slack labour generated by the seasonally fluctuating labour demand from agriculture. Under these constraints, peasant households tended to deliver non-agricultural employment opportunities to their members, forming a kind of barrier against mobilizing family workers outside the household. These barriers were supported by region-based industrial development such as a weaving industry adopting the putting-out system most suitable to the requirements of peasant households. Rural-based capital accumulation together with the workings of the regional financial markets contributed to maintaining particular peasant household behaviours by supporting region-based industrial development, which featured in Japan's path of economic and social development from the early modern to the modern period.

scholarly journals Stages of industrial heritage socialization in Moscow

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1090-1104
Author(s):  
Darya D. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Analysis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Accessibility ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Office Rent

Abstract Introduction. The actual tendency of creation of public architectural and spatial environments using industrial objects as foundation, which in this article is defined by the term “socialization”, is considered. The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize the stages of socialization of Moscow’s industrial heritage (the process began in the mid-1990s). The systematization of accumulated experience in this field allows for the formulation of perspective integration models for territories of historical industrial development into urban surroundings. Materials and methods. 14 typical examples of renovation of historical industrial territories in Moscow were selected to be analyzed. Materials on the history of transfiguration of these areas have been systematized. Socioeconomic analysis of separate investigated objects and graph-analytical analysis of manifesting clustering of public spaces in historical industrial areas were conducted. Results. Three stages of socialization were identified on the basis of 14 examples: initial stage, focused stage and systematic stage. The stages correspond to the key dates of appearance of public spaces on the foundation of industrial heritage territorial formations. Dynamics of appearance of the public environment on industrial territories, from natural social develop-ment to the focused stage in which the principles of openness and public availability are set by a project, is noted. The third, systematic stage, which is focused on the preservation of historical industrial territories as a complex and involving the creation of a system of public spaces on the basis of conserving the historical industrial developments, is a promising direction for the creation of a unique urban environment. Conclusions. The defining role of the creation of public spaces in the process of industrial heritage renovation has been identified. The regular patterns of the location of the converted historical industrial areas relative to the center of Moscow are given, and the development areas, as well as real estate value within the boundaries of the areas under consideration (office rent and housing purchase) and on the adjacent territories are compared. The conclusion about social accessibility of territories is made, and the prospects of development of public spaces on the foundation of industrial heritage are outlined.

scholarly journals Land Acquisition, Peasant Exclusion, and People Resistance Advocacy at Bolok Industrial Area in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Didimus Dedi Dhosa
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
The Government

This study aims to investigate industrial development project by corporations facilitated by the government of East Nusa Tenggara Province. The government argues that the development of Bolok Industrial area can open workforce, elevate the welfare of citizens, and reduce the poverty index. This research was conducted from February to July 2019. Data collection techniques are indepth interview, focus group discussion, and participant observation.  By using a critical qualitative approach and a Marxian analysis of land acquisition and capital accumulation, this paper finds four urgent things. Firstly, people’s land is grabbed by corporations with government’s support. Secondly, the acquisition is carried out with the politics of 'lure' and 'tourism' to the island of Java. Thirdly, land acquisition causes inequality in land tenure and exclusion of farmers from their arable land. Fourthly, advocacy of critical awareness by various actors becomes less effective when important actors in society have been co-opted by corporations which resulted in conquering to the masses. The government of NTT Province must reconsider the development of an industrial area if they don’t want local people to be trapped in the poverty circle and ecological destruction.

Is India Part of Asia?

10.1068/d260t ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Arvind Palat
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
World System ◽  
Region I ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Newly Independent States

In casting Asia as Europe's ‘Other’, it is often assumed that European spatial imaginaries are unproblematically assimilated by the peoples of Asia themselves. In this paper I challenge this assumption by charting the changing characterization of India, from being virtually synonymous with Asia for centuries to being virtually excluded from the reigning conceptions of Asia. I provide a thumbnail sketch of the spatial imaginaries of some of the peoples inhabiting the cartographic quadrant labeled ‘Asia‘. Against this background, I examine how these imaginaries were subverted by the incorporation of Asia within the capitalist world system. I then chart the impact of modernization theories on the newly independent states of the region. I argue that as several major centers of capital accumulation emerged in Asia, and capitalism ceased to be a Euro-American narrative, a new conception of Asia emerged in the 1980s. If India's lack of industrial development marginalized it from these imaginaries, it is suggested that the meltdown of the Asian ‘miracles' has once again destabilized hitherto-dominant conceptions of Asia.

Interpreting Post-World War II Development in Thailand: More and Less than a National Phenomenon

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Glassman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Complex Development

The processes of internationalization and political economic transformation described in the previous chapters help explain the specific character of recent industrial development in Thailand. Capital accumulation in Thailand has been centred heavily on Bangkok and has favoured a stratum of ruling elites who are disproportionately represented in the capital. The Bangkok-centric political economy has been tightly linked—indeed, over a very long period of time—with broader regional and international processes of capital accumulation, and the Thai elites have been successful at using international connections to buttress their social positions and control. Bangkok elites, in particular, have been able to utilize international support to strengthen a project of Bangkok sub-imperialism, which has in turn brought various local elites from outside Bangkok into national and international coalitions. All of this has consequences for the results of economic growth and industrial transformation in Thailand. Until the economic meltdown that began in 1996, Thailand’s GDP growth record was one of the most impressive in the world since World War II, and the country was included by the World Bank among the ‘miracle’ economies of East Asia (World Bank 1993), while being lauded by others as ‘the Fifth Tiger’ (Muscat 1994) and as a new entrant into the ranks of the NICs (Jansen 1991). At the same time, Thailand has become one of the more inegalitarian countries in the world, in terms of income distribution (Medhi 1996; Voravidh 1996) and displays a dramatic spatial skew in the distribution of economic activities. There have also been numerous social and environmental problems connected with industrial development in Thailand, along with various political indignities to the general population (Bello, Cunningham, and Poh 1998)—problems that can be seen alternatively as ‘the strains of success’ (UNIDO 1992) or as symptoms of ‘maldevelopment’ (Suthy 1991). To some extent, each of these images of success and failure correspond to a definite reality of the complex development process, neither of which by itself adequately summarizes the totality. What I focus on in this chapter, however, is not the multifaceted complexity per se but rather the connections between what are regarded as the success and failure stories.

scholarly journals Temporal Trend in Production Subcontracting in Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson ‘Dare Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Regression Correlation

This paper examines the temporal trend, that is, the growth in production subcontracting over the years in Nigeria. The relevant concepts are production subcontracting and diffusion of innovation. Data were collected from the sixtyeight contracting firms among 15 industrial estates/areas in the Lagos region. This paper shows that the growth in the number of contractors/subcontractors, which was gradual at the initial stage, became more rapid thereafter. The results of the regression/correlation analyses carried out, using the year as the dependent variable and the number of contractors/subcontractors as the independent variable are significant at 0.0001 per.cent level at both the aggregate level and the level of the Lagos region. The study shows that if encouraged, production subcontracting could be used to enhance the industrial development of Nigeria.

Reproducing dependency: auto industry policy and petrodollar circulation in Venezuela

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Coronil ◽  
Julie Skurski
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
Industry Policy ◽  
Developmental Policies ◽  
Subordinate Role

Development policy is analyzed by liberal models in terms of bargaining transactions between interest-maximizing actors and by the dependency perspective in terms of the internalized requirements of worldwide capital accumulation. Both approaches assume the working of capitalist rationality in dependent nations. In contrast, a focus on productive relations, class alliances, and political coalitions reveals the constraints on developmental policies in nations built around the partial development of capitalist productive forces and occupying a subordinate role in the international division of labor. Analysis of the Venezuelan auto policy during the Pérez administration (1974–79) shows the relations constituting socially defined actors and the structures underlying the policy bargaining process. It posits that in Venezuela there is a growing disjuncture between the internationally conditioned requirements of capital accumulation and the locally based demands of social reproduction; that the common interest of state and bourgeoisie in maintaining the rentier basis of the economy shapes the direction and extent of industrial development; and that circulation of petrodollars has absorbed production as a phase of circulation. The struggle between state and transnational corporations over local engine manufacture, and the tension between import substitution and export promotion, concealed an underlying conflict between rent appropriation and capital accumulation.

scholarly journals Capital Accumulation and Structural Transformation*

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 1037-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bustos ◽  
Gabriel Garber ◽  
Jacopo Ponticelli
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Capital Outflows ◽  
Service Sectors

Abstract Several scholars argue that high agricultural productivity can retard industrial development because it draws resources toward the comparative advantage sector, agriculture. However, agricultural productivity growth can increase savings and the supply of capital, generating an expansion of the capital-intensive sector, manufacturing. We highlight this mechanism in a simple model and test its predictions in the context of a large and exogenous increase in agricultural productivity due to the adoption of genetically engineered soy in Brazil. We find that agricultural productivity growth generated an increase in savings, but these were not reinvested locally. Instead, there were capital outflows from rural areas. Capital reallocated toward urban regions, where it was invested in the industrial and service sectors. The degree of financial integration affected the speed of structural transformation. Regions that were more financially integrated with soy-producing areas through bank branch networks experienced faster growth in nonagricultural lending. Within these regions, firms with preexisting relationships with banks receiving funds from the soy area experienced faster growth in borrowing and employment.

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