Effects of estrogen on food intake, serum leptin levels and leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue of female rats

The objective of this experiment was to confirm whether changes in serum leptin and leptin expression were consistent with it being the "lipostatic" factor implicated by earlier parabiosis studies. Lean (+/?) and obese (ob/ob) female C57B1/6J-ob mice were parabiosed (lean-ob/ob) at 7 wk of age. Controls were ob/ob-ob/ob and lean-lean pairs, and single lean and ob/ob mice. Pairs were maintained for 50 days. In ob/ob members of lean-ob/ob pairs serum insulin was normalized, food intake was suppressed, and body fat was reduced by 14%. Lean partners of ob/ob mice had a reduced rectal temperature and experienced a 37% reduction in body fat. Despite loss of fat, serum leptin and adipose leptin mRNA expression were unchanged in lean partners of ob/ob mice. These results suggest that, in lean-ob/ob parabiotic pairs, the ob/ob mouse responds to leptin originating in the lean parabiont, whereas the lean partner responds to a circulating signal, originating in the ob/ob mouse, that maintains leptin expression at inappropriate levels for the degree of adiposity of the lean animal.

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Effects of Estrogen on Serum Leptin Levels and Leptin mRNA Expression in Adipose Tissue in Rats

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000048099 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (3-4) ◽

pp. 98-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Masami Tanaka ◽

Sachiko Nakaya ◽

Toshio Kumai ◽

Minoru Watanabe ◽

Tomonori Tateishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Serum Leptin

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Food intake, body weight, and adiposity in female rats: actions and interactions of progestins and antiestrogens

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1981.240.5.e474 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 240 (5) ◽

pp. E474-E481 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. M. Gray ◽

G. N. Wade

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Food Intake ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Female Rats ◽

Antiestrogenic Activity ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Increase Food Intake ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase

A series of experiments examined the effects of two progestins, progesterone and R 5020, and two nonsteroidal antiestrogens, nafoxidine and MER-25, on body weight and composition in female rats. Both progesterone and R 5020 increased food intake, body weight, and carcass adiposity in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with estradiol benzoate (EB), but neither progestin had any effect on these measures in OVX rats not treated with EB. R 5020 was substantially more effective than progesterone on all end points. Nafoxidine and MER-25 mimicked the actions of estradiol and decreased adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity by 75–80%. For adipose tissue LPL activity, both nafoxidine and MER-25 were full estrogen agonists and without antiestrogenic activity. Nafoxidine also mimicked the effects of EB by reducing food intake, body weight, and carcass adiposity in OVX rats. In contrast, nafoxidine antagonized the induction of cytoplasmic progestin ([3H]R 5020) binding sites by EB in parametrial adipose tissue of OVX rats. In nafoxidine-treated OVX rats, concurrent progesterone administration had no effect on adipose tissue LPL activity, but progesterone did increase food intake, body weight, and carcass fat content. Some physiological mechanisms by which gonadal steroids may act to influence eating and adiposity are discussed.

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Growth hormone affects both adiposity and voluntary food intake in old and obese female rats

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460121 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

K Malmlof ◽

N Din ◽

T Johansen ◽

SB Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Food Intake ◽

Subsequent Treatment ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Female Rats ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

Voluntary Food Intake

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the promotion of breakdown of body fat and the increased energy expenditure associated with growth hormone (GH) affect the voluntary food intake of an obese organism. DESIGN: Wistar rats (15 months old) were first fed either a high-fat (HF) or a low-fat (LF) diet for 10 weeks. In the subsequent treatment period, two saline groups continued with either the HF or the LF diet, and rats of three other groups had their diet shifted from HF to LF and were treated with saline, human GH (hGH) or rat GH (rGH). hGH and rGH were given in a dose of 4 mg/kg per day. After 21 days of treatment and registration of food intake, rats were killed, blood was collected and tissues were excised. RESULTS: The HF diet produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in weight of fat pads compared with the LF diet: 69+/-5 g compared with 48+/-2 g. The switch from HF to LF diet combined with injections of saline alone decreased the intake of metabolizable energy, but fat pad weight did not decrease significantly (69+/-5 g compared with 63+/-6 g). The latter value was significantly (P<0.05) decreased (to 37+/-3 g) in groups treated with either hGH or rGH. Both GH treatments increased serum IGF-I and muscle weight, whereas the activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase decreased significantly (P<0.01). During the first 9 days of treatment, food intake was significantly (P<0.01) depressed, from 27+/-1 g/kg per day in control rats to 14+/-2 and 16+/-4 g/kg per day in the hGH and rGH groups respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that breakdown of adipose tissue and a transient decrease in voluntary food intake are parallel consequences of GH treatment in old and obese rats, and that the actions of hGH and rGH are very similar.

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Effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, and carcass adiposity in weanling rats

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1981.240.5.e499 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 240 (5) ◽

pp. E499-E503 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. M. Schwartz ◽

G. N. Wade

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Female Rats ◽

Reduce Food Intake ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase

The effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, carcass adiposity, and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were investigated in weanling female rats. Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) reduced body weight gain in ovariectomized (OVX) weanlings as it does in adults. However, other responses to EB were attenuated or absent in weanlings. EB treatment did not reduce food intake, carcass adiposity, or adipose tissue LPL activity. This impaired responsiveness to EB may be due to decreased levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in liver and adipose tissue (but not hypothalamus) in weanlings. On the other hand, responsiveness to progesterone was adultlike in weanlings. Treatment of OVX, EB-primed weanlings with progesterone increased food intake, body weight gain, and carcass adiposity. This adultlike responsiveness to progesterone was associated with adultlike levels of adipose tissue progestin receptors. However, progesterone treatment did not increase adipose tissue LPL activity in weanlings, indicating that changes in LPL activity are not necessary for progesterone-induced obesity.

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Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Mediated Pathway of Leptin to Regulate Feeding, Adiposity, and Uncoupling Protein Expression in Mice

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2003-0301 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 144 (8) ◽

pp. 3547-3554 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Takayuki Masaki ◽

Go Yoshimichi ◽

Seiichi Chiba ◽

Tohru Yasuda ◽

Hitoshi Noguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Food Intake ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽

Fat Cell ◽

Brown Adipose

Abstract To examine the functional role of CRH in the regulation of energy homeostasis by leptin, we measured the effects of the CRH antagonist, α-helical CRH 8–41 (αCRH) on a number of factors affected by leptin activity. These included food intake, body weight, hypothalamic c-fos-like immunoreactivity (c-FLI), weight and histological characterization of white adipose tissue, and mRNA expressions of uncoupling protein (UCP) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in C57Bl/6 mice. Central infusion of leptin into the lateral cerebroventricle (icv) caused significant induction of c-FLI in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, and arcuate nucleus. In all these nuclei, the effect of leptin on expression of cFLI in the PVN and VMH was decreased by treatment with αCRH. Administration of leptin markedly decreased cumulative food intake and body weight with this effect being attenuated by pretreatment with αCRH. In peripheral tissue, leptin up-regulated BAT UCP1 mRNA expression and reduced fat depositions in this tissue. Those changes in BAT were also decreased by treatment with αCRH. As a consequence of the effects on food intake or energy expenditure, treatment with αCRH attenuated the leptin-induced reduction of body adiposity, fat cell size, triglyceride contents, and ob mRNA expression in white adipose tissue. Taken together, these results indicate that CRH neurons in the PVN and VMH may be an important mediator for leptin that contribute to regulation of feeding, adiposity, and UCP expression.

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The role of photoperiod on the expression of hypothalamic genes regulating appetite in Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri)

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-00002460 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 45-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lin Zhang ◽

Fang Yang ◽

Jinhong Cai ◽

Chunmei Huang ◽

Zhengkun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Field Mouse ◽

Related Protein ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Agouti Related Protein

The hypothalamus and leptin play a key role in the regulation of food intake. The present study investigated the effects of 4 weeks of short- or long-photoperiod on serum leptin levels and food intake in relation to mRNA expression levels of neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, pro-opiomelanocortin, and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in the hypothalamus of Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri). There was a significant difference in body fat mass, food intake and neuropeptide Y mRNA expression between the two groups, but serum leptin level, agouti-related protein, pro-opiomelanocortin, and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA expression in the hypothalamus were not difference between the two groups. The elevation of neuropeptide Y mRNA regulated neuropeptides in the hypothalamus suggests a physiological role of neuroendocrine factors in food intake during the different photoperiod. We conclude that leptin may be involved in energy balance and body mass regulation.

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Developmental changes in the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and serum leptin levels: Their responses to fasting in male and female rats

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.08.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Takeshi Iwasa ◽

Toshiya Matsuzaki ◽

Kiyohito Yano ◽

Munkhsaikhan Munkhzaya ◽

Altankhuu Tungalagsuvd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Female Rats ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Male And Female ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Mrna Expression Levels

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Plasticity in food intake, thermogenesis and body mass in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is affected by food restriction and refeeding

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-00002498 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 201-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wen-rong Gao ◽

Wan-long Zhu ◽

Fang-yan Ye ◽

Mu-lin Zuo ◽

Zheng-kun Wang

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Food Intake ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Ad Libitum

Physiological adjustments are important strategies for small mammals in response to variation in food availability. To determine the physiological mechanisms affected by food restriction and refeeding, tree shrews were restricted to 85% of initial food intake for 4 weeks and refedad libitumfor another 4 weeks. Changes in food intake, body mass, thermogenesis, body composition, mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase activity, uncoupling protein-1 content in brown adipose tissue and serum leptin levels were measured. The results showed that body mass, body fat mass and serum leptin levels significantly decreased in food restricted tree shrews, and increased when the restriction ended, showing a short “compensatory growth” rather than over-weight or obesity compared withad libitumcontrols. Resting metabolic rate, non-shivering thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue mass (mg), and uncoupling protein-1 content decreased significantly in response to food restriction, and returned to the control levels after the animals were refedad libitum, while the brown adipose tissue mass (%) and cytochromecoxidase activity remained stable during food restriction and refeeding. Food intake increased shortly after refeeding, which perhaps contributed to the rapid regaining of body mass. These results suggest thatTupaia belangerican adjust the status of its physiology integratively to cope with the lack of food by means of decreasing body mass, thermogenesis and serum leptin levels. Leptin may act as a starvation signal to predominantly mediate the reduction in body mass and energy expenditure.

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