The Relationship between Raw Materials and Producing Areas of Folk Crafts in Kanto Distinct

AbstractArchaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different ‘tolerance’ levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with ‘self-domestication’. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as ‘modern human behaviour’ than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size.

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Pots on mats: mat-impressed salt-extraction pottery at Chalcolithic Provadia-Solnitsata, Bulgaria

Antiquity ◽

10.15184/aqy.2021.145 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Mila Andonova ◽

Vassil Nikolov

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Large Scale ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Salt Production ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Late Chalcolithic ◽

South Eastern Europe ◽

Materials Used ◽

The Relationship

Evidence for both basket weaving and salt production is often elusive in the prehistoric archaeological record. An assemblage of Middle–Late Chalcolithic pottery from Provadia-Solnitsata in Bulgaria provides insight into these two different technologies and the relationship between them. The authors analyse sherds from vessels used in large-scale salt production, the bases of which bear the impression of woven mats. This analysis reveals the possible raw materials used in mat weaving at Provadia-Solnitsata and allows interpretation of the role of these mats in salt production at the site. The results illustrate how it is possible to see the ‘invisible’ material culture of prehistoric south-eastern Europe and its importance for production and consumption.

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PROSPECTS FOR USING ASTRAGALUS ONOBRYCHIS AS A SOURCE OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-3-47-53 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

Pozdnyakovа Т.А. ◽

Kuleshovа Е.S. ◽

Bubenchikov R.A.

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

The Body ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Promising Source ◽

The Relationship

The predominance of synthetic and genetically modified foods in the diet of a modern person often leads to disruption of natural metabolic processes and the accumulation of toxic free radicals in the body, which provokes the development of various diseases. Natural antioxidants from medicinal plants can help maintain health and stop the processes of peroxidation. In our opinion, Аstragalus onobrychis can become a promising source of natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to establish the antioxidant activity in extracts from the herb Astragalus onobrychis. In order to obtain objective and reliable results during our research, we used two methods: the method of titrimetry and spectrophotometry of free radicals. The titrimetric method is based on the chemical interaction between an oxidizing agent (potassium permanganate) and natural antioxidants present in extracts from plant raw materials, since they exhibit the properties of reducing agents. The spectrophotometric method makes it possible to assess the value of antioxidant activity and the duration of the reaction by assessing the interaction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil with plant antioxidants. To establish the relationship between the antioxidant activity and the presence of phenolic compounds in the plant, the content of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in the herb Astragalus onobrychis was determined. As a result of the studies, the total antioxidant activity of extracts from the herb Astragalus onobrychis was established and it was revealed that its value depends on the type of extractant used, since this factor is associated with the content of various groups of natural antioxidants in the extraction. The data obtained indicate the prospects of using the herb Astragalus onobrychis as a source of natural antioxidants.

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Bacterial fabric: introductory studies on the application of biomimetics in the bacterial fermentation process

Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology ◽

10.15406/jteft.2021.07.00266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dulce Maria Holanda Maciel ◽

Luísa Córdova Wandscheer ◽

Daniela Novelli

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Consumer Goods ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Future Scenario ◽

Bacterial Fermentation ◽

Market Chain ◽

Fabric Production ◽

The Relationship

Thinking about innovations that reduce environmental impact and offer quality consumer goods is a way of proposing a future scenario governed by eco-efficiency values. Through an exploratory bibliographic and documentary research, which qualitatively analyses Kombucha authors and fermenters, this article seeks to identify the relationship between biomimetics and bacterial fabric production as an eco-efficient product in the fashion market chain. The general objective of this case study is to explain the fermentation process to encourage the search for raw materials inserted in the sustainability proposal.

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Some aspects of food safety from animal origin

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/49/2514 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 153-155

Author(s):

József Fenyvessy

Keyword(s):

Functional Foods ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Point Of View ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Biological Origin ◽

Chemical Substances ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

Public Health Hazards ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between the civilisation illnesses and incorrect nutrition can be considered as demonstrated. The functional foods having one or several nutritional- biological advantage can contribute to the healthy nutrition and to improving the quality of life. Beside the healthy nutrition it is an another important requirement that the food does not contain pathogens or substances of chemical and biological origin namely it has to be safe. In this publication the foods of animal origin were investigated in the point of view of public health hazards arising during their production and processing.The contamination and infection of food raw materials, the consequence of chemical substances getting in or developing it the food, the judgement of food deviring from genetically modified or cloned animals are discussed.

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A ocupação humana antiga (11-7 mil anos atrás) do Planalto Meridional Brasileiro: caracterização geomorfológica, geológica, paleoambiental e tecnológica de sítios arqueológicos relacionados a três distintas indústrias líticas

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v13.6.p2553-2585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2553

Author(s):

Pedro Michelutti Cheliz ◽

João Carlos Moreno de Sousa ◽

Gabriela Sartori Mingatos ◽

Mercedes Okumura ◽

Astolfo Gomes de Mello Araujo

Keyword(s):

Significant Variation ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Data Sets ◽

Human Settlement ◽

Human Occupation ◽

Natural Landscapes ◽

Lithic Artifacts ◽

The Relationship

Com o objetivo de ponderar conexões entre quadros naturais e a ocupação humana pré-colonial, caracterizou-se os artefatos e a contextualização geomorfológica e ambiental de quatro sítios líticos vinculados a antigos registros de grupos caçadores-coletores do sul e sudeste do Brasil, associados a três distintas indústrias líticas. Elencou-se associação dos sítios com terrenos de baixos declives e altimetrias em seus respectivos contextos (terrenos mais estáveis para fixação humana), adjacentes a córregos e próximos de faixas do terreno que registram maiores inclinações e desníveis verticais, mais propensas a apresentarem afloramentos rochosos (fontes potenciais de matérias-primas para a confecção de ferramentas lascadas). Elencou-se fontes de matérias-primas nos entornos de cada sítio e as matérias-primas associadas aos artefatos, e ponderou-se a correlação entre os dois conjuntos de dados. Analisou-se a relação dos padrões tecnológicos de artefatos líticos com a caracterização petrográfica das matérias-primas, verificando-se quais silcretes semelhantes foram usadas para produção de artefatos distintos. Ainda, verificou-se que alguns dos produtos líticos de um dos sítios analisados mostram padrões tecnológicos semelhantes, mesmo quando obtidos a partir de silcretes distintos. Caracterizou-se ausência de variação significativa dos atributos tecnológicos dos artefatos registrados em diferentes posicionamentos verticais nos perfis das unidades de escavação nas quais foram registrados, mesmo quando mostram-se associados a registros paleoambientais distintos (alternâncias entre climas mais secos que os atuais e condições caracterizadas por incrementos de umidade no intervalo de 11 a 7 mil anos atrás).Palavras chave: sítios arqueológicos líticos; Holoceno Inicial, paleoclimas, ameríndios, geoarqueologia The ancient human occupation (11-7 thousand years ago) of the Southern Brazilian Plateau: geomorphological, geological, paleoenvironmental and technological characterization of archaeological sites related to three distinct lithic industries A B S T R A C T In order to discuss connections between the natural landscapes and pre-colonial human occupation, were characterized the artifacts and the geomorphological and environmental contextualization of four lithic sites linked to ancient records of hunter-gatherer groups from the south and southeast of Brazil, associated with three distinct lithic industries. The association of sites with low slopes and altimetry in their respective contexts (more stable terrains for human settlement), adjacent to rivers and close to terrains that register greater inclinations and vertical unevenness, more likely to present rocky outcrops (potential sources of raw materials for making chipped tools) was listed. Were characterized sources of raw materials in the surroundings of each site, the raw materials associated with the artifacts, and the correlation between the two data sets was considered. The relationship between the technological standards of lithic artifacts and the petrographic characterization of the raw materials was analyzed, verifying which similar raw materials were used to produce different artifacts. Also, it was found that some of the lithic products from one of the analyzed sites show similar technological patterns, even when obtained from different raw materials. There was a lack of significant variation in the technological attributes of the artifacts recorded in different vertical positions in the profiles of the excavation units in which they were recorded, even when they are associated with different paleoenvironmental records (alternations between drier climates than current and others characterized by increments in the moisture between 11 to 7 thousand years ago).Keywords: lithic archaeological sites; Initial Holocene, paleoclimates, amerindians, geoarchaeology

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Research on Mixing Ratio of Waste Mud Brick

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 368-370 ◽

pp. 1103-1106

Author(s):

Hai Long Wu ◽

Bing Zhang Huang ◽

Bang Biao Huang ◽

Ji Zhen Zhu ◽

Xi Qiang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Heat Insulation ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Green Building ◽

National Standards ◽

Mixing Ratio ◽

Waste Reuse ◽

Green Building Materials ◽

The Relationship

In order to achieve green building materials, energy conservation, waste reuse purposes. Use city sewage sludge as part of the raw materials for production of shale brick is studied by experiments adopted the different mixing ratio, find matching and the relationship between the compressive strength. Experimental results show that the shale powder to add quality percentage is 40% of dry sludge, formed a burning brick, brick of various performance accord with national standards, not only can save coal and mineral resources, improve the heat insulation brick, but also a lot of recycling of utilization of sludge.

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Review on Selecting Raw Materials of Crack-Resistant Concrete

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.405-406.234 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 405-406 ◽

pp. 234-241

Author(s):

Shi Hua Zhou ◽

Ying Chun Wang ◽

Hua Quan Yang

Keyword(s):

Crack Resistance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Concrete Cracking ◽

Chemical Admixtures ◽

Mineral Components ◽

The Relationship ◽

Durability Of Concrete

Modern concrete is more than simply a mixture of cement, water and aggregates; it also contains more and more mineral components, chemical admixtures, so the problem of concrete cracking will be more complicated. This paper mainly discussed the relationship between the character of various raw materials and the crack resistance of concrete. In order to improve the crack-resistant and durability of concrete, the technology for selecting raw materials of crack-resistant concrete is put forward.

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Implications of the Argument

Economic Interdependence and War ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691161587.003.0010 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Dale C. Copeland

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Raw Materials ◽

International Relations Theory ◽

Economic Interdependence ◽

The Future ◽

Per Se ◽

The Relationship ◽

Practical Implications

This chapter summarizes the theoretical and practical implications of the trade expectations theory, including the relevance of its logic for the future of US–Chinese relations. It then considers the implications of this approach for international relations theory, focusing on its broader importance for thinking about liberal and realist theories that are not focused on economic interdependence per se. The chapter then turns to an examination of the contemporary US–China relationship. It contends that China's growing dependence on external raw materials and markets along with its expectations for the future are critical to predicting the likely shape of the relationship over the next two or three decades.

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An Environmentally Integrated Manufacturing Analysis Combined with Waste Management in a Car Battery Manufacturing Plant

Green Finance and Sustainability ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-531-5.ch023 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 436-461

Author(s):

Suat Kasap ◽

Sibel Uludag Demirer ◽

Sedef Ergün

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Manufacturing System ◽

System Analysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Hazardous Wastes ◽

Manufacturing Plant ◽

Integrated Manufacturing ◽

High Productivity ◽

Analysis Methodology ◽

The Relationship

This chapter presents an environmentally integrated manufacturing system analysis for companies looking for the benefits of environmental management in achieving high productivity levels. When the relationship between environmental costs and manufacturing decisions is examined, it can be seen that the productivity of the company can be increased by using an environmentally integrated manufacturing system analysis methodology. Therefore, such a methodology is presented and the roadmap for generating environmentally friendly and economically favorable alternative waste management solutions is elaborated. The methodology combines data collection, operational analysis of the manufacturing processes, identification of wastes, and evaluation of waste reduction alternatives. The presented methodology is examined in a car battery manufacturing plant, which generates hazardous wastes composed of lead. It is aimed to decrease the wastes derived from the production so that the efficiency in raw materials usage is increased and the need for recycling the hazardous wastes is decreased.

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