scholarly journals A ocupação humana antiga (11-7 mil anos atrás) do Planalto Meridional Brasileiro: caracterização geomorfológica, geológica, paleoambiental e tecnológica de sítios arqueológicos relacionados a três distintas indústrias líticas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2553
Author(s):  
Pedro Michelutti Cheliz ◽  
João Carlos Moreno de Sousa ◽  
Gabriela Sartori Mingatos ◽  
Mercedes Okumura ◽  
Astolfo Gomes de Mello Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
The Relationship

Com o objetivo de ponderar conexões entre quadros naturais e a ocupação humana pré-colonial, caracterizou-se os artefatos e a contextualização geomorfológica e ambiental de quatro sítios líticos vinculados a antigos registros de grupos caçadores-coletores do sul e sudeste do Brasil, associados a três distintas indústrias líticas. Elencou-se associação dos sítios com terrenos de baixos declives e altimetrias em seus respectivos contextos (terrenos mais estáveis para fixação humana), adjacentes a córregos e próximos de faixas do terreno que registram maiores inclinações e desníveis verticais, mais propensas a apresentarem afloramentos rochosos (fontes potenciais de matérias-primas para a confecção de ferramentas lascadas). Elencou-se fontes de matérias-primas nos entornos de cada sítio e as matérias-primas associadas aos artefatos, e ponderou-se a correlação entre os dois conjuntos de dados. Analisou-se a relação dos padrões tecnológicos de artefatos líticos com a caracterização petrográfica das matérias-primas, verificando-se quais silcretes semelhantes foram usadas para produção de artefatos distintos. Ainda, verificou-se que alguns dos produtos líticos de um dos sítios analisados mostram padrões tecnológicos semelhantes, mesmo quando obtidos a partir de silcretes distintos. Caracterizou-se ausência de variação significativa dos atributos tecnológicos dos artefatos registrados em diferentes posicionamentos verticais nos perfis das unidades de escavação nas quais foram registrados, mesmo quando mostram-se associados a registros paleoambientais distintos (alternâncias entre climas mais secos que os atuais e condições caracterizadas por incrementos de umidade no intervalo de 11 a 7 mil anos atrás).Palavras chave: sítios arqueológicos líticos; Holoceno Inicial, paleoclimas, ameríndios, geoarqueologia The ancient human occupation (11-7 thousand years ago) of the Southern Brazilian Plateau: geomorphological, geological, paleoenvironmental and technological characterization of archaeological sites related to three distinct lithic industries A B S T R A C T In order to discuss connections between the natural landscapes and pre-colonial human occupation, were characterized the artifacts and the geomorphological and environmental contextualization of four lithic sites linked to ancient records of hunter-gatherer groups from the south and southeast of Brazil, associated with three distinct lithic industries. The association of sites with low slopes and altimetry in their respective contexts (more stable terrains for human settlement), adjacent to rivers and close to terrains that register greater inclinations and vertical unevenness, more likely to present rocky outcrops (potential sources of raw materials for making chipped tools) was listed. Were characterized sources of raw materials in the surroundings of each site, the raw materials associated with the artifacts, and the correlation between the two data sets was considered. The relationship between the technological standards of lithic artifacts and the petrographic characterization of the raw materials was analyzed, verifying which similar raw materials were used to produce different artifacts. Also, it was found that some of the lithic products from one of the analyzed sites show similar technological patterns, even when obtained from different raw materials. There was a lack of significant variation in the technological attributes of the artifacts recorded in different vertical positions in the profiles of the excavation units in which they were recorded, even when they are associated with different paleoenvironmental records (alternations between drier climates than current and others characterized by increments in the moisture between 11 to 7 thousand years ago).Keywords: lithic archaeological sites; Initial Holocene, paleoclimates, amerindians, geoarchaeology 

NEW RADIOCARBON DATES FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN PARTS OF IGBOLAND, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kenechukwu Chidiogo Daniel ◽  
Anselm Maduabuchi Ibeanu ◽  
Jacinta Uchenna Ikegwu ◽  
Emuobosa Akpo Orijemie
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Iron Smelting ◽  
Subsistence Patterns ◽  
Early Human

ABSTRACT This paper presents new results of radiocarbon (14C) ages from archaeological sites in northern Igboland. The study was designed to shed more light on early human occupation and activities in the study area based on sediments from cave and iron-smelting sites. The approach consisted of ethnographic, archaeological, palynological, and slag analyses; these were complemented with 14C dates. The technology adopted as well as the paleoenvironmental conditions that prevailed during the period of human settlement in both sites was revealed. These data, complemented by 14C dates, highlight the human behavioral and subsistence patterns within the region and are comparable to those from similar sites in southeastern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Characterization of peptide-protein relationships in protein ambiguity groups via bipartite graphs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Schork ◽  
Michael Turewicz ◽  
Julian Uszkoreit ◽  
Jörg Rahnenführer ◽  
Martin Eisenacher
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Bipartite Graphs ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Protein Databases ◽  
Protein Inference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ambiguity Groups ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

Motivation: In bottom-up proteomics, proteins are enzymatically digested before measurement with mass spectrometry. The relationship between proteins and peptides can be represented by bipartite graphs. This representation is useful to aid protein inference and quantification, which is complex due to the occurrence of shared peptides. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of bipartite graphs using theoretical peptides from in silico digestion of protein databases as well as quantified peptides quantified from real data sets. Results: The graphs based on quantified peptides are smaller and have less complex structures compared to graphs using theoretical peptides. The proportion of protein nodes without unique peptides and of graphs that contain such proteins are considerably greater for real data. Large differences between the two analyzed organisms (mouse and yeast) on database as well as quantitative level have been observed. Insights of this analysis may be useful for the development of protein inference and quantification algorithms.

scholarly journals Using Debitage Analysis to Investigate an Alberta Archaeological Site

COMPASS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hallson
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Aggregate Analysis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
Field Schools

Ahai Mneh (FiPp-33) is a significant pre-contact archaeological site in Alberta. Located west of Edmonton on Lake Wabamun, this site contains material from the Early Prehistoric right up until Late Prehistoric pre-contact times. Ninety-five percent of the lithic artifacts collected are pieces of debitage. Aggregate analysis is a method of examining the whole of the debitage collection, rather than analysing singular pieces. This method is more time efficient, less subject to bias, replicable, and is used often, and successfully, at archaeological sites with immense quantities of debitage. Here I use aggregate analysis to examine the debitage assemblage from two field schools at Ahai Mneh. I investigate various characteristics such as size, raw material type, cortex amount, and number of dorsal scars. I argue that this method is successful, as it provided new information on where people were acquiring raw materials, as well as what types of flintknapping occurred at this site. These analyses resulted in the determination of a focus on local raw material, yet this material was being brought to the site as prepared cores or blanks, rather than complete unaltered cores. Tool production was the focus at this site, and this trend continued throughout time.

Mechanical Damping Properties of Silicone Rubber Prepared by Nano-SiO2 and AGE-Modified Polysiloxane Blends

2011 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Jing Cai ◽  
Chao Can Zhang ◽  
Li Li Wu ◽  
Run Hua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Damping Properties ◽  
Block Copolymerization ◽  
Mechanical Damping ◽  
Different Content ◽  
The Relationship

The synthesis of AGE modified polysiloxane was realized by block copolymerization. Using degradation method and different ratio of raw materials, different content of AGE side chains and molecular weight of AGE modified polysiloxanes had been obtained. AGE modified silicone rubber was prepared by Nano-SiO2and AGE-Modified Polysiloxane Blends. The relationship between the molecular weight of AGE modified polysiloxane, the content of AGE modified side chains and the mechanical properties of AGE modified silicone rubber had been studied. The results showed that AGE modified silicone rubber had better mechanical damping properties than silicone rubber without modification of AGE: lower Tg (-56°C), higher tanδ (0.26), the maximum tensile/rear strengths with appropriate dynamic viscosity (17500mP•s) and the characterization of decreasing tensile/tear strengths with the increasing content of the AGE modified side chains.

scholarly journals Lost Landscape: A Combination of LiDAR and APSFR Data to Locate and Contextualize Archaeological Sites in River Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3506
Author(s):  
Esther Rodríguez González ◽  
Pablo Paniego Díaz ◽  
Sebastián Celestino Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Guadiana Basin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Periods

Over the last few decades, river landscapes have been significantly transformed as a result of increased human impact. This transformation is evident in areas such as the middle Guadiana basin, where the impact of both agricultural and hydraulic infrastructures has led to the decontextualization of archaeological sites, resulting in a disconnection between archaeological sites and their own physical environment. In order to analyse the location and geographic contexts of sites from the first Iron Age in the middle Guadiana basin and to detect the existence of human settlement patterns, we designed a methodological approach that combines LiDAR and APSFR data (areas with potential significant flood risk). The main purpose of this method is to detect flood areas and assess the relationship between them and archaeological sites. The result allowed us to obtain a clearer understanding of these societies, their knowledge of the physical environment, and the causes and reasons behind their occupation of certain sites. The validation of the results demonstrated the versatility of this methodological approach, which can be extrapolated to analysing other regions and historical periods.

scholarly journals Expansões socioeconômicas, lógicas de salvaguarda e implicações a preservação de sítios arqueológicos no Amazonas - Amazônia Central

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 3029-3049
Author(s):  
Benedito Walderlino de Souza Da Silva ◽  
Wagner Fernando da Veiga E Silva ◽  
Anna Barbara Cardoso Da Silva ◽  
Kelton Lima Monteiro Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Social Memory ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Archaeological Objects

As discussões sobre o estado de preservação e possibilidades de impactos a sítios arqueológicos na arqueologia brasileira têm sido um tema recorrente e importante para moldar as ações de instituições de salvaguarda e pesquisadores da área. Especialmente a partir da década de 1960, vários estudos têm sido realizados sobre esse tema na intenção de diagnosticar e, quando possível, agir sobre as questões de conservação. Independentemente do ambiente e tipo de sítios arqueológicos que sejam objeto dessas preocupações, tem se mostrado necessário levar em consideração a ocupação humana recente como um dos principais fatores de interferência sobre os sítios. A partir do levantamento realizado em 100 sítios arqueológicos localizados nos municípios de Manaus e Iranduba, Estado do Amazonas, buscamos contribuir com esta questão. Para tal, partimos do princípio que é imprescindível considerar a relação de comunidades contemporâneas com objetos arqueológicos a partir não só das estratégias de ocupação e uso do espaço que processam sobre áreas com sítios arqueológicos, como também ponderar a influência das lógicas de salvaguarda cultural que se utilizam ao longo da formação de suas identidades culturais e memória social.   Discussions about the state of preservation and possibilities of impacts on archeological sites in Brazilian archeology have been a recurrent and important theme to shape the actions of safeguard institutions and researchers in the area. Especially since the 1960s, several studies have been carried out on this topic with the intention of diagnosing and, when possible, acting on conservation issues. Regardless of the environment and type of archaeological sites that are the object of these concerns, it has proved necessary to take into account recent human occupation as one of the main factors interfering with the sites. Based on the survey carried out in 100 archaeological sites located in the cities of Manaus and Iranduba, State of Amazonas, we seek to contribute to this issue. To this end, we assume that it is essential to consider the relationship of contemporary communities with archaeological objects from not only the occupation and use of space strategies that process over areas with archaeological sites, but also to consider the influence of cultural safeguard logics that are they use throughout the formation of their cultural identities and social memory.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Surface Alterations of Stone Tools Made of Raw Materials from the Carpathian Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Antony Borel ◽  
Raphaël Deltombe ◽  
Julie Marteau ◽  
Philippe Moreau ◽  
Maxence Bigerelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Reference Collection ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Alteration Processes ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Experimental Reference

Wear analysis performed on archaeological stone tools from prehistory aims at characterizing their surface alterations in order to determine their functions and describe past human technical behaviors. However, the reliability and repeatability of the method is questioned and there is a major difficulty facing scientists analyzing wear, which is related to proposing quantified and repeatable analyses and interpretations of taphonomic and anthropogenic (related to manufacture and use) evidence. We propose the creation of an experimental reference collection of surface alterations focused primarily on selected stone types commonly found at Hungarian archaeological sites. This collection will allow the characterization of the topographic signatures of manufacture, use, and taphonomic processes. The qualitative (through observation using optical microscopy) and quantitative (through surface measurements using confocal microscopy) analyses will aim at examining: 1) the variability of surface alterations, 2) protocols that can allow the identification and characterization of surface topographic signatures, and 3) the appropriate metrological setups that will allow for each of the alteration processes to be differentiated. We present here the results of the preliminary experiments, which involved flakes for bone and reed processing made of six different raw materials. It has been confirmed that evidence of use can be identified on each one of them. Beyond the presentation of the first images from the reference collection, we briefly present the future phases of the project.

Roadmap for Quality by Design Implementation for Dietary Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Mohamed A Albadry ◽  
Ikhlas A Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Quality By Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Quality Variation

Abstract Background: Recently, there is a growing interest in quality by design (QbD) in the dietary supplements industry. Objective: Effective QbD implementation necessitates a comprehensive understanding of multiple factors such as; the relationship between the critical qualities attributes (CQAs) and the scientific properties of the dietary supplement, the relationship between the manufacturing process, CQAs and the variability in raw materials. There are still two critical challenging concerns to be addressed in the implementation of QbD for herbal drugs. First, the quality variation of botanical raw materials and second, the difficulty in defining the satisfactory ranges of CQAs. Method: In order to tackle these challenges, this review provides a snapshot of the numerous techniques that can be used in the identification and characterization of the botanical raw materials, therefore, will help in the successful QbD implementation for botanicals and dietary supplements. Conclusions: In order to implement this approach and to be considered in the current dietary supplement regulations, fruitful discussions and collaborations between academia, industry and regulatory agencies are required.

scholarly journals Canteras-taller El Ranchito (Dpto. Ischilín, Córdoba). Una primera aproximación a la caracterización de las fuentes y al análisis de los conjuntos líticos

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Gisela Sario ◽  
Eduardo Pautassi ◽  
Marcos Salvatore
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Siliceous Rock ◽  
Lithic Artifacts

<p>El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una primera aproximación a la caracterización de los afloramientos y el análisis tecno-tipológico de materiales líticos recolectados en una cantera-taller, ubicada en la localidad arqueológica El Ranchito (valle de Copacabana, Dpto. Ischilín), en el norte de la provincia de Córdoba. A lo largo de las investigaciones arqueológicas en el valle se menciona la presencia de una materia prima lítica de muy buena calidad para la talla, una roca silícea, de la cual se han hallado puntas de proyectil y otros artefactos formatizados. Si bien su presencia es escasa en comparación con otras materias primas como el cuarzo, la misma se encuentra en la mayoría de los sitios arqueológicos de la región. En la localidad El Ranchito se han identificado tres fuentes primarias de aprovisionamiento de este material, como resultado de cuatro prospecciones en donde se realizaron ocho cuadrículas de recolección de material lítico en diferentes sectores. Los relevamientos permitieron establecer la disponibilidad natural de esta materia prima, extrayéndose muestras de la fuente identificada que fueron inspeccionadas con microscopio e identificadas como silcrete. Aquí se presentan los resultados del análisis de la primera unidad de recolección realizada, en la que se recuperaron en su mayoría ecofactos y desechos de talla, y en menor proporción núcleos e instrumentos. Esto nos permite inferir que la actividad principal era el descortezamiento de nódulos.</p><p><br /><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><br />This paper aims at presenting a first approach to the characterization of outcrops and techno-typological analysis of lithic materials collected in a quarry-workshop, located in the archaeological site El Ranchito (Valle de Copacabana, District of Ischilín) in the northern province of Córdoba. During archaeological research in the valley, we found lithic raw material of high quality for carving, a siliceous rock from which arrowheads were identified, in addition toother stone tools. While its presence is low as compared with other lithic artifacts such as quartz, such material was found in most archaeological sites in the region. In El Ranchito, three sources of this material were identified, in which quarry-workshop areas were formed. These resulted from four surveys in which eight collection grids of lithic material were conducted in different areas. The surveys helped establish the natural availability of this raw material, through which samples were analyzed under microscope and identified as silcrete. We report the results from the analysis of the first collection unit, in which we found, mostly, ecofacts and debitage, and, to a lesser extent, cores and tools, allowing us to infer that tasks related to the removal of nodule cortex were performed.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals A wiggle-match date for Polynesian settlement of New Zealand

Antiquity ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (295) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Hogg ◽  
Thomas F. G. Higham ◽  
David J. Lowe ◽  
Jonathan G. Palmer ◽  
Paula J. Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Forest Clearance

Dating initial colonisation and environmental impacts by Polynesians in New Zealand is controversial. A key horizon is provided by the Kaharoa Tephra, deposited from an eruption of Mt Tarawera, because just underneath this layer are the first signs of forest clearance which imply human settlement. The authors used a log of celery pine from within Kaharoa deposits to derive a new precise date for the eruption via “wiggle-matching” – matching the radiocarbon dates of a sequence of samples from the log with the Southern Hemisphere calibration curve. The date obtained was 1314 ± 12 AD (2σ error), and the first environmental impacts and human occupation are argued to have occurred in the previous 50 years, i.e. in the late 13th – early 14th centuries AD. This date is contemporary with earliest settlement dates determined from archaeological sites in the New Zealand archipelago.

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