A Case Study on the Evaluation of Environmental Health Status based on Environmental Health Indicators

Sejak tahun 2009, Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan telah merumuskan Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) untuk menggambarkan kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Tahun 2013, IPKM dijabarkan dalam tujuh subindeks yaitu kesehatan balita, kesehatan reproduksi, pelayanan kesehatan, perilaku kesehatan, penyakit tidak menular, penyakit menular, dan kesehatan lingkungan. Penyakit diare dan infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) pada balita serta pneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi yang digunakan dalam perhitungan subindeks penyakit menular dalam IPKM 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi indikator-indikator dalam IPKM yang dapat meningkatkan nilai subindeks penyakit menular. IPKM merupakan komposit dari 30 indikator kesehatan utama yang dihitung dari data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Disain Riskesdas 2013 merupakan survei potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel yaitu seluruh rumah tangga di 33 provinsi dan 497 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa indikator cakupan akses sanitasi (p = 0,000), cakupan air bersih (p = 0,027), serta cakupan perilaku masyarakat dalam bercuci tangan dengan benar (p = 0,001) memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan nilai subindeks penyakit menular. Sehingga diharapkan dengan adanya peningkatan cakupan tiga indikator diatas, maka nilai tiga subindeks (penyakit menular, kesehatan lingkungan, dan perilaku kesehatan) akan turut meningkat. Oleh karena itu, apabila kabupaten/kota ingin meningkatkan nilai subindeks penyakit menular, yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu intervensi terhadap lingkungan dan perilaku manusia. Dengan demikian, nilai IPKM kabupaten/kota juga akan meningkat.Kata kunci: Lingkungan, penyakit menular, perilaku.Identification of Public Health Development Index (PHDI) Indicators to Increase the Value of Sub-Index of Communicable DiseaseAbstractSince 2009, Ministry of Health through Indonesia Agency fro Health Research and Development has formulated Public Health Dvelopment Index (PHDI) to describe public health status in Indonesia. In 2013, PHDI grouped into seven sub indices, namely health status of children under five, reproductive health, health service, health beaviour, non-communicable disease, communicable disease, and environmental health. Diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) on children under five and pneumonia are infectious diseases used in the calculation of subindex of communicable diseases in PHDI 2013. The aim of this research was to identify indicator in PHDI that could improve the subindex of communicable disease. PHDI is a composite of 30 major health indicators calculated from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. The Riskesdas 2013 design was cross sectional survey with total sample of all households in 33 provinces and 497 district/cities in Indonesia. The data was analyzed by linier regression test. The result showed that indicator of access to sanitation (p=0.000), access to clean water (p=0.027) and people’s behavior in proper hand washing (p=0.001) had an important role in imporving the score of sub-index of communicable disease. It is expected that with the increase of the three indicators above, the value of three subindices (communicable disease, environmental health, and health behaviour) will also increase. Therefore, if the district/city wants to increase the value of sub index of communicable disease, the intervention to the environment and human behavior is needed. Thus, the PHDI score in district/city will also increase.Keywords: Behavior, communicable disease, environment.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Health Indicators and the Quality of Used Frying Oils in Fast Food Restaurants of Mashhad in 2018

Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development ◽

10.18502/jehsd.v5i1.2475 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zohreh Rahnama Bargard ◽

Hossien Alidadi ◽

Monavvar Afzal Aghaee ◽

Mahnaz Kharghani ◽

Mahsa Mahjoubizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Environmental Health ◽

Fast Food ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Health Indicators ◽

High Volume ◽

Frying Oils ◽

Fast Food Restaurants ◽

Unfavorable Condition

Introduction: Recently, changes in people's lifestyles and new eating habits have diminished the importance of main dishes and have led to increasing the consumption of fast foods. Therefore, paying close attention to the health conditions and safety of the food provided in these centers can dramatically reduce the incidence of various diseases. The present study examines the environmental health status and the quality of used frying oils (the most important health assessment indicators of fast food restaurants) in the fast food shops and restaurants of the metropolis of Mashhad in the areas adjacent to the holy shrine which has the highest number of pilgrims and tourists. Materials and Methods: A total number of 120 of fast food shops were selected by quota sampling method and were sampled during peak working times. The environmental health status of these centers was evaluated based on food, drink, cosmetics, and health material regulation. Demographic data of personnel, area and antiquity, type, duration and frequency of using oil, the temperature, TPM, and FFA were also measured. Results: According to the results; 32.5% of the subjects were in hygienic status, and 67.5% of the subjects were in sanitary status. Palm oil was the most widely used oil type. TPM and FFA indices were in the unfavorable condition in 49 samples (40.8%) and 75 samples (62.5%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between temperature, the period of using oil and TPM, and FFA indices. Conclusion: According to the high volume of customers, quality and health assurance of food is of utmost importance. Therefore, the importance of renovating the buildings, training the operators and staff, continuous monitoring, and applying severe legal measures can be the most important corrective actions.

Download Full-text

Improvement of environmental health and hygiene practices - case study in the Northern Province

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0352 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. Mathegana ◽

L. K. Chauke ◽

F. A.O. Otieno

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Environmental Health ◽

Northern Province ◽

Active Involvement ◽

Sustainable Improvement ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Proper Training ◽

The Government ◽

Better Than

The primary purpose of an improved water supply and sanitation is the achievement of acceptable health and hygiene standards as well as the sustainable improvement of the environment. Many governments recognize this and so they budget for large sums of money to improve these services to the communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different gaps in environmental health and hygiene practices with the aim of suggesting a strategy of improving this in the Northern Province of South Africa. To do this, 231 households and 30 schools were surveyed. Workshops and visits to different government departments were also used. This paper reports the results from this study which indicate that the situation in schools was not any better than that in households, with more than 90% of the villages still dependent on the unimproved pit latrines and 56,6% relying on standpipes which were (70% of the time) non-operational. The main problems identified seem to those associated with implementation and maintenance. The study concludes that with proper training of the water committees and their active involvement with the government and NGOs, environmental health and hygiene problems can be minimized or eliminated.

Download Full-text

Bearing Severity Fault Evaluation Using Contour Maps—Case Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6452

Author(s):

César Ricardo Soto-Ocampo ◽

Juan David Cano-Moreno ◽

José Manuel Mera ◽

Joaquín Maroto

Keyword(s):

Health Indicators ◽

Bearing Faults ◽

Contour Maps ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Critical Components ◽

Bearing Damage ◽

First Time ◽

Current Operating

Increasing industrial competitiveness has led to an increased global interest in condition monitoring. In this sector, rotating machinery plays an important role, where the bearing is one of the most critical components. Many vibration-based signal treatments are already being used to identify features associated with bearing faults. The information embedded in such features are employed in the construction of health indicators, which allow for evaluation of the current operating status of the machine. In this work, the use of contour maps to represent the diagnosis map of a bearing, used as a health map, is presented for the first time. The results show that the proposed method is promising, allowing for the satisfactory detection and evaluation of the severity of bearing damage. In this initial stage of the research, our results suggest that this method can improve the classification of bearing faults and, therefore, optimise maintenance processes.

Download Full-text

Environmental Health Indicators

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864701790860182 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 (11) ◽

pp. 471-487

Author(s):

P. Campos Boja ◽

L.R.S. Moraes ◽

J.P. Schifini

Keyword(s):

Environmental Health ◽

Health Indicators

Download Full-text

Estimation of EMF Parameters From Distrbution Transformers and Their Impacts on Selected Health Indicators of Building Residents: Case Study of Ejigbo Environs, Isolo, Lagos State, Nigeria

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1107 (1) ◽

pp. 012085

Author(s):

A. Adekunle ◽

M.C Ugonna ◽

O.A Olaifa ◽

Omojola O. Olumide

Keyword(s):

Health Indicators ◽

Lagos State

Download Full-text

Cross-national comparisons of health indicators require standardized definitions and common data sources

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00734-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Tolonen ◽

Jaakko Reinikainen ◽

Päivikki Koponen ◽

Hanna Elonheimo ◽

Luigi Palmieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

National Level ◽

International Health ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Data Sources ◽

Similar Data ◽

Prevention And Health Promotion ◽

Using Data ◽

Obesity Hypertension

Abstract Background Health indicators are used to monitor the health status and determinants of health of the population and population sub-groups, identify existing or emerging health problems which would require prevention and health promotion activities, help to target health care resources in the most adequate way as well as for evaluation of the success of public health actions both at the national and international level. The quality and validity of the health indicator depends both on available data and used indicator definition. In this study we will evaluate existing knowledge about comparability of different data sources for definition of health indicators, compare how selected health indicators presented in different international databases possibly differ, and finally, present the results from a case study from Finland on comparability of health indicators derived from different data sources at national level. Methods For comparisons, four health indicators were selected that were commonly available in international databases and available for the Finnish case study. These were prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and asthma in the adult populations. Our evaluation has three parts: 1) a scoping review of the latest literature, 2) comparison of the prevalences presented in different international databases, and 3) a case study using data from Finland. Results Literature shows that comparability of estimated outcomes for health indicators using different data sources such as self-reported questionnaire data from surveys, measured data from surveys or data from administrative health registers, varies between indicators. Also, the case study from Finland showed that diseases which require regular health care visits such as diabetes, comparability is high while for health outcomes which can remain asymptomatic for a long time such as hypertension, comparability is lower. In different international health related databases, country specific results differ due to variations in the used data sources but also due to differences in indicator definitions. Conclusions Reliable comparison of the health indicators over time and between regions within a country or across the countries requires common indicator definitions, similar data sources and standardized data collection methods.

Download Full-text