scholarly journals Expression of lipid metabolism genes provides new insights into intramuscular fat deposition in Laiwu pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Dan-dan Yang ◽  
Zong-li Liu ◽  
Yong-qing Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Fat Removal ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Genes ◽  
Imf Content

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the special expression pattern of lipid metabolism genes and investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in Longissimus dorsi muscle of Laiwu pigs.Methods: Thirty-six pigs (Laiwu n = 18; Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire n = 18) were used for the measurement of the backfat thickness, marbling score, IMF content, and expression of lipid metabolism genes.Results: Significant correlations were found between IMF content and the mRNA expression of lipid metabolism genes. Of the 14 fat deposition genes measured, fatty acid synthase (FASN) showed the strongest correlation (r = 0.75, p = 0.001) with IMF content, and of the 6 fat removal genes, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B (CPT1B) exhibited the greatest negative correlation (r = –0.66, p = 0.003) with IMF content in Laiwu pig. Multiple regression analysis showed that CPT1B, FASN, solute carrier family 27 member 1 (SLC27A1), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) contributed 38% of the prediction value for IMF content in Laiwu pigs. Of these four variables, CPT1B had the greatest contribution to IMF content (14%) followed by FASN (11%), SLC27A1 (9%), and FABP3 (4%).Conclusion: Our results indicate that the combined effects of an upregulation in fat deposition genes and downregulation in fat removal genes promotes IMF deposition in Laiwu pigs.

scholarly journals FABP5 coordinates lipid signaling that promotes prostate cancer metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Carbonetti ◽  
Tessa Wilpshaar ◽  
Jessie Kroonen ◽  
Keith Studholme ◽  
Cynthia Converso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Lipid Signaling ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is defined by dysregulated lipid signaling and is characterized by upregulation of lipid metabolism-related genes including fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). FASN and MAGL are enzymes that generate cellular fatty acid pools while FABP5 is an intracellular chaperone that delivers fatty acids to nuclear receptors to enhance PCa metastasis. Since FABP5, FASN, and MAGL have been independently implicated in PCa progression, we hypothesized that FABP5 represents a central mechanism linking cytosolic lipid metabolism to pro-metastatic nuclear receptor signaling. Here, we show that the abilities of FASN and MAGL to promote nuclear receptor activation and PCa metastasis are critically dependent upon co-expression of FABP5 in vitro and in vivo. Our findings position FABP5 as a key driver of lipid-mediated metastasis and suggest that disruption of lipid signaling via FABP5 inhibition may constitute a new avenue to treat metastatic PCa.

Dietary threonine supplementation improves hepatic lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jiang ◽  
X. D. Liao ◽  
M. Xie ◽  
J. Tang ◽  
S. Y. Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Pekin Ducks

The present study was conducted to evaluate the regulatory role of threonine (Thr) on hepatic lipid metabolism by determining the effects of dietary Thr concentration on lipid deposition and on genes related to lipid expression in the liver of Pekin duck. In total, 240 1-day-old ducklings were randomly allocated according to the average bodyweight to one of five dietary treatments with six replicate cages of eight birds per cage for each treatment. Birds were fed diets with 0.52%, 0.59%, 0.66%, 0.73% and 0.80% Thr (as-fed basis) from 1 to 21 days of age respectively. The results showed that dietary Thr supplementation increased average daily gain (P < 0.0001), average daily feed intake (P < 0.0001) and abdominal fat percentage (P < 0.04), while it decreased feed to gain ratio (P < 0.0001), the hepatic contents of total lipid (P < 0.003) and triglycerides (P < 0.003) of Pekin ducks. However, dietary Thr supplementation had no influence (P > 0.05) on the concentration of hepatic cholesterol, and plasma amino acids and biochemical parameters of Pekin ducks. Moreover, Thr-unsupplemented control diet upregulated (P < 0.05) hepatic gene expression related to lipid uptake (fatty acid-binding protein, apolipoprotein A4, lipoprotein lipase), fatty acid synthesis (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, malic enzyme), fatty acid β-oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, fatty acyl– coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase), ketogenesis (hydroxymethylglutaryl–CoA synthase 1, and acetyl–CoA synthetase1), responsive genes to amino acid deficiency (general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2), GCN1, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, impact RWD domain protein (IMPACT)), and triglyceride transport (apolipoprotein B) of Pekin ducks. In addition, dietary Thr deficiency had no effect on the expression of stearoyl CoA desaturase, fatty acid synthase, and ATP–citrate lyase in the liver of Pekin ducks. It is suggested that dietary Thr supplementation improved hepatic lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks by regulating lipid synthesis, transport and oxidation.

scholarly journals Effect of Excessive or Restrictive Energy on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Finishing Ningxiang Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Fengming Chen ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Yaodong Wang ◽  
Jianhua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

This study investigated the effects of excessive or restrictive energy on growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, and related gene expression in finishing Ningxiang pigs. A total of 36 Ningxiang pigs (43.26 ± 3.21 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments (6 pens of 2 piglets per treatment) and fed by one of three dietary treatments until the pigs of each treatment weighed approximately 75 kg equally. The three treatments were control diet (digestible energy, DE:13.02 MJ/kg, CON), excessive energy diet (DE 15.22 MJ/kg, EE), and restrictive energy diet (DE 10.84 MJ/kg, RE). Results showed that EE improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.01), while nothing significantly changed by RE except FCR increasing (p < 0.01). EE increased the content of IMF and triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.05), L*24h and b*45min (p < 0.01), while decreasing cooking loss and meat tenderness in longissimus thoracis (LT) (p < 0.05). b*24h was significantly increased with the increase of energy level (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, EE increased the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fiber and the mRNA expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (FABP4) (p < 0.05). In addition, throughout: A diet supplemented with excessive energy promoted IMF deposition by positively changing lipogenic potential while decreasing tenderness by increasing glycolytic muscle fibers, which together affected meat quality. In terms of growth performance and meat quality, the present study suggests that the low-energy diet is suitable for finishing Ningxiang pigs.

PPARγ2 regulates lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. E1195-E1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Schadinger ◽  
Nancy L. R. Bucher ◽  
Barbara M. Schreiber ◽  
Stephen R. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is considered to be one of the master regulators of adipocyte differentiation. PPARγ2 is abundantly expressed in mature adipocytes and is elevated in the livers of animals that develop fatty livers. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of PPARγ2 to induce lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and to delineate molecular mechanisms driving this process. The hepatic cell line AML-12 was used to generate a cell line stably expressing PPARγ2. Oil Red O staining revealed that PPARγ2 induces lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. This phenotype is accompanied by a selective upregulation of several adipogenic and lipogenic genes including adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, genes whose expression levels are known to increase in steatotic livers of ob/ob mice. Furthermore, the PPARγ2-regulated induction of both SREBP-1 and FAS parallels an increase in de novo triacylglycerol synthesis in hepatocytes. Triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid accumulation are further enhanced by culturing hepatocytes with troglitazone in the absence of exogenous lipids. These results correspond with an increase in the lipid droplet protein, ADRP, and the data demonstrate that ADRP functions to coat lipid droplets in hepatocytes as observed by confocal microscopy. Taken together, these observations propose a role for PPARγ2 as an inducer of steatosis in hepatocytes and suggest that this phenomenon occurs through an induction of pathways regulating de novo lipid synthesis.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Profile between Iberian Pig Varieties Provides New Insights into Their Distinct Fat Deposition and Fatty Acids Content

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Ana Villaplana-Velasco ◽  
Jose Luis Noguera ◽  
Ramona Natacha Pena ◽  
Maria Ballester ◽  
Lourdes Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcriptome Profile ◽  
Causal Genes ◽  
Iberian Pig ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Imf Content

The high deposition of intramuscular fat and the content of oleic fatty acid are characteristic of the Iberian pig. These two parameters present great variability and are differentiated amongst the varieties that make up the Iberian pig population. Although previous studies generated evidence for causal genes and polymorphisms associated to the adipogenic potential of the Iberian pig, there is little information about how genetic expression influences this trait’s variability. The aim of this study was to analyses the expression profile between two varieties of Iberian pig (Torbiscal and Retinto) and their reciprocal crosses differentiated in their intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition in the Longissimus thoracis muscle using an RNA-seq approach. Our results corroborate that the Retinto variety is the fattiest amongst all studied varieties as its upregulated genes, such as FABP3 and FABP5, SLC27A1 and VEGFA among others, contribute to increasing adiposity. In its turn, Torbiscal pigs showed an upregulation of genes associated with the inhibition of fat deposition such as ADIPOQ and CPT1A. Further genetic variation analysis in these Iberian varieties showed relevant associations for SNP located within the differentially expressed genes with IMF and FA content. Thus, the differences found in the genetic architecture and the muscle transcriptome of these Iberian varieties might explain the variability in their fat content and composition and hence, their meat quality.

scholarly journals Probiotics Strains Modulate Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mule Ducks

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Even ◽  
Stéphane Davail ◽  
Mikael Rey ◽  
Annabelle Tavernier ◽  
Marianne Houssier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Background:Livestock production should respond to societal, environmental and economic changes. Since 2006 and the ban on antibiotics as growth factors in European Union, the use of probiotics has become widespread and has demonstrated the effect of intestinal microbiota on the performance of farm animals.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation withLactobacillus salivarius(as a probiotics strain or combined with other strains) on zootechnical performance, metabolic and immune gene expression and intestinal microbiota diversity in mule ducks using high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR.Method:The mule ducks were reared for 79 days and overfed for 12 days with or without probiotics. Samples were collected at 14 (starting period) and 91 days (end of overfeeding period), 3 hours post feeding.Results:Irrespective of digestive content, age, level of feed intake or supplementation with probiotics,Firmicutes,ProteobacteriaandBacteroideteswere the dominant phyla in the bacterial community in mule ducks. At 14 days, both the ileal and cecal samples were dominated byFirmicutes(in particular theClostridialesorder). Overfeeding induced a shift betweenClostridialesandLactobacillalesin the ileal samples whereas in the cecal samples, the relative abundance ofFirmicutesdecreased. Overfeeding also induced hepatic over-expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and of the lipid transporter gene Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4). This increase in lipid metabolism genes is associated with a decrease in inflammatory response.Conclusion:Finally, probiotic supplementation had only a slight impact on gene expression and microbiota diversity, both at 14 days and after overfeeding.

scholarly journals Association of osteopontin gene with intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition traits in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Nanthana Pothakam ◽  
◽  
Worrarak Norseeda ◽  
Guisheng Liu ◽  
Tawatchai Teltathum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Imf Content

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoprotein that is involved in the development of skeletal muscle and fat deposition. The objectives of this study were to identify the polymorphism of the OPN gene and to analyze the association of the OPN gene with intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition in pigs. Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle samples taken from the 10-11th rib were collected from a total of 328 Duroc pigs. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from LT muscle tissues using the phenol-chloroform method. IMF content was measured using the ether extraction method and FA composition was measured by gas chromatography. The porcine OPN polymorphisms were identified by DNA sequencing and were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The association analysis of the OPN gene with IMF and FA composition traits was performed using a general linear model (GLM). Two polymorphic sites (OPN g.2442-2471indel and g.3836A>G) were found in the 5´-flanking region and intron 1 of the porcine OPN gene. The OPN g.2442-2471indel polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with IMF content and ω3 FA levels (P<0.05). Moreover, OPN g.3836A>G polymorphism was significantly associated with the linolenic acid levels in the muscles of pigs (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that the OPN gene is important to IMF content, as well as linolenic and ω3 FA levels in pigs, and could be used as a candidate gene to improve fat deposition and fatty acid composition in the muscles of pigs.

scholarly journals Chrysanthemum morifolium Flower Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells via AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway Activation

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2726
Author(s):  
Mak-Soon Lee ◽  
Yangha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) flowers (CF) are widely consumed as herbal tea in many countries, including China. The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-adipogenic effect of hot water extraction of CF (HCF) on 3T3-L1 cells and their underlying cellular mechanisms. HCF treatment inhibited lipid accumulation under conditions that did not show the toxicity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), which plays an important role in glycerol lipid metabolism, was also reduced by HCF. Adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (CEBP-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were suppressed by HCF in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HCF increased activities of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), involved in lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that HCF inhibits adipocyte lipid accumulation through suppression of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related gene expression and activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Therefore, it suggests that HCF may be used as a potentially beneficial plant material for preventing obesity.

Placental Accumulation of Triacylglycerols in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Altered Fetal Growth are Related to the Differential Expressions of Proteins of Lipid Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoharan Balachandiran ◽  
Zachariah Bobby ◽  
Gowri Dorairajan ◽  
Sajini Elizabeth Jacob ◽  
Victorraj Gladwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Placental Proteins

Abstract Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exhibit altered placental lipid metabolism. The molecular basis of this altered metabolism is not clear. Altered placental expression of proteins of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation may be involved in the placental accumulation of triacylglycerols (TG). The present study was aimed at investigating the differential expressions of placental proteins related to lipid metabolism among GDM women in comparison with control pregnant women (CPW) and to correlate them with maternal and fetal lipid parameters as well as altered fetal growth. Materials and Methods Maternal blood, cord blood, and placental samples were collected from GDM and CPW. The biochemical parameters, glucose, lipid profile and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. The placental TG content was measured. Differential placental expressions of proteins; phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) p85α, PI3K p110α,liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), sterol regulatory element binding protein1(SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearyl CoA desaturase1 (SCD1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL),Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ were analysed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Placental protein expressions of PI3K p110α, LXRα, FAS, SCD1, and LPL were found to be significantly higher, whereas PPARα and PPARγ were lower in GDM women compared with CPW. The placental TG content and cord plasma FFA were increased in GDM women compared with CPW. The placental TG content positively correlated with Ponderal index of GDM new-borns. Conclusion Differential expressions of placental proteins related to lipid metabolism in GDM might have led to placental TG accumulation. This might have contributed to the fetal overgrowth in GDM.

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