Yours for the (Marriage) Revolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 248-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Era ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Jack London ◽  
Mary Austin ◽  
Rational System ◽  
Greenwich Village ◽  
Companionate Marriage ◽  
Scientific Systems ◽  
The Ideal

In 1915, Mary Austin (1868-1934) wrote to her old friend and fellow writer Jack London (1876-1916) to upbraid him for failing to write a novel that truthfully depicted the life of a modern woman, and by extension, companionate marriage. Companionate marriage was a rational system based in idealism, tailor-made for the Progressive Era and for revolutionists such as Austin and London in Greenwich Village, who shared their era’s enthusiasm for scientific systems. Austin and London protested conventional forms of marriage both from the sociological standpoint of its unnecessary conventions and from its failure to account for the irrationality of sexual desire and its dampening effect on genius. Yet their accounts of unconventional unions reveal another set of problems. Pitting conventional marriage against its more revolutionary counterparts, Austin, in A Woman of Genius and Number 26 Jayne Street, and London, in “Planchette” (1908) and Little Lady of the Big House (1916), critique conventional marriage but also cast a cold eye on its Bohemian alternatives, revealing the gap between the ideal and the real in progressive marriage by highlighting the stubborn realities of gender inequality and of the irrational desire, cast in London’s “Planchette” as the supernatural world, that plagued their idealistic efforts.

Marriage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gray
Keyword(s):  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Seamus Heaney ◽  
Anne Bradstreet ◽  
Passionate Love ◽  
Conjugal Love ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Companionate Marriage ◽  
Marital Love ◽  
The Ideal

Marital love is rarely represented by poets, at least in their lyric poetry. Lyric, with its brevity, its intensity, its ellipses, seems ideally suited to a particular type of passionate love typified by novelty, absence, uncertainty. Conjugal love, powerful though it may be, lacks these particular qualities. Yet if the pleasure and even purpose of marriage lies in discovering freedom and self-realization within strictly prescribed limits, then lyric could well be seen as the genre most suited to marital love. This chapter examines the tradition of marriage lyric that has developed, for the most part, in recent centuries, as the ideal of loving, companionate marriage has spread. Taking as its starting point the work of the Victorian poet and theorist Coventry Patmore, whose treatise on poetic meter illustrates the same ideals that mark his poems about marriage, the chapter ranges from Anne Bradstreet to Seamus Heaney and other contemporary poets of marital love.

Susan Moller Okin, Justice, Gender, and the Family

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaele Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
The Family ◽  
Susan Moller Okin ◽  
The Ideal

Susan Okin’s radical thesis in Justice, Gender, and the Family is that the ideal of the gender-structured family is source of persistent gender inequality in politics, the workplace, and actual families. However, the book has widely been taken to be making a much narrower claim: that theorists of justice should extend their analysis to the family, ensuring that the division of labor in the family is just. As a result of this misreading, feminist theorists dismissed the book as conventional when it was published, whereas political theorists largely viewed it as innovative. This chapter recenters the radical thesis of the book, shows how Okin’s most important critics have misunderstood it, and discusses why now perhaps more than even in 1989, we should revisit this book.

scholarly journals Subordinasi Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Budaya Batak Toba

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rispritosia Sibarani ◽  
Yurulina Gulo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Toba Batak ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Ideal

In this paper we analyze the position of women in the social life of the Toba Batak community, in influencing others to do something called a leader. In the context of such thinking, the author wants to see why women in Toba Batak have not experienced development in leadership and want to elaborate on the process of socio-cultural transmigration in Batak Bangso especially Batak Toba in political, social and cultural aspects, the majority of whose leaders are men. This paper uses a descriptive-analytic approach and with a qualitative approach. The results of the study mentioned that women experience gender inequality which is characterized by the occurrence of subordination (numbering) and marginalization of Batak women. In the field of politics, the ideal leadership is always measured from a men's perspective, so that the position of women is increasingly weak in their interaction with the surrounding community. Domestication and marginalization of women in the public sphere seems to have been exhausted and enjoyed by women because they are educated and live in a patriarchal culture by believing and believing in diverting religious teachings that are understood in a discriminatory way, and perpetuating women's alienation.

scholarly journals Adeline Mowbray, or, the bitter acceptance of woman's fate

2010 ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Aída Díaz Bild
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Important Task ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Companionate Marriage ◽  
The Ideal

Eighteenth-century women writers believed that the novel was the best vehicle to educate women and offer them a true picture of their lives and “wrongs”. Adelina Mowbray is the result of Opie’s desire to fulfil this important task. Opie does not try to offer her female readers alternatives to their present predicament or an idealized future, but makes them aware of the fact that the only ones who get victimized in a patriarchal system are always the powerless, that is to say, women. She gives us a dark image of the vulnerability of married women and points out not only how uncommon the ideal of companionate marriage was in real life, but also the difficulty of finding the appropriate partner for an egalitarian relationship. Lastly, she shows that there is now social forgiveness for those who transgress the established boundaries, which becomes obvious in the attitude of two of the most compassionate and generous characters of the novel, Rachel Pemberton and Emma Douglas, towards Adelina.

Familial Undercurrents

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Najmabadi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Polygamous Marriage ◽  
Iranian Family ◽  
Love Marriage ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Companionate Marriage ◽  
The Ideal

Not long after her father died, Afsaneh Najmabadi discovered that her father had a secret second family and that she had a sister she never knew about. In Familial Undercurrents, Najmabadi uncovers her family’s complex experiences of polygamous marriage to tell a larger story of the transformations of notions of love, marriage, and family life in mid-twentieth-century Iran. She traces how the idea of “marrying for love” and the desire for companionate, monogamous marriage acquired dominance in Tehran’s emerging urban middle class. Considering the role played in that process by late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century romance novels, reformist newspapers, plays, and other literature, Najmabadi outlines the rituals and objects---such as wedding outfits, letter writing, and family portraits---that came to characterize the ideal companionate marriage. She reveals how in the course of one generation men’s polygamy had evolved from an acceptable open practice to a taboo best kept secret. At the same time, she chronicles the urban transformations of Tehran and how its architecture and neighborhood social networks both influenced and became emblematic of the myriad forms of modern Iranian family life.

Love’s Body

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-433
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Love Poetry ◽  
Dialectical Tension ◽  
The Ideal

Mandelstam’s love poetry is built out of a dialectical tension between sexual desire and repudiation of the body, expressed by sublimating eroticism into either intimate feeling or rapture that transports the lover into ‘a country beyond the eye-lashes’. Poems written in the mid-1920s stage scenes in which feeling escalates from attraction via flirtation to carnal desire, and then to a transcendent vision involving self-sacrifice and Liebestod. The male figure in a number of these poems moves from a sexually passive posture to sexual desire that is more overt, but also dressed up in theatrical role playing, and the ideal of the sexless male is posited, as is an ideal of devotion including Caritas. The stylistic range of the poems places them among Mandelstam’s most enchanting and challenging. He was always capable of poetic difficulty, and these poems present enigmas whose interpretation folds in earlier discoveries such as the use of the emblem and the figure of Chaplin, and expands our sense of the parallel developments of the worldly and unworldly writer.

Some Trends in Modern Marriage among West Africans

Africa ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Little ◽  
Anne Price
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
West African ◽  
Single Exception ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Companionate Marriage ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Ideal

Opening ParagraphThis article describes and attempts to analyse the nature and content of marital relationships in the ‘modern’ West African family. To an increasing extent educated young people apparently want a companionate marriage on Western lines (Marris, 1961). Evidence comes from interviewing and from studies made of the attitudes of students and of secondary school boys and girls in a number of countries, including Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Omari, for example, collected data from 293 students in a sample of eight Secondary and Teacher Training Institutions throughout Ghana. About three-quarters of these subjects said they would like to be married either in church or before a magistrate (1960, pp. 197–210). A statutory marriage of this kind, unlike traditional marriage, makes bigamy a crime, and so we may assume that the young people concerned had monogamy in mind. A group of Nigerian secondary school girls also declared, with a single exception, that monogamy was the ideal form of marriage; they insisted that they wanted to choose their own husbands (Baker, 1957).

scholarly journals BIAS POTRET PEREMPUAN MUNA DALAM RITUAL LIFE-CYCLE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asliah Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Female Character ◽  
Ideal Image ◽  
Male Puberty ◽  
The Ideal

In many cultures, the portrait of women strengthened through tradition that regulates and controls the ideal image of women is actually gender bias and misconceptions of women. This study examines three series of women life-cycle ritual in Muna society of Southeast Sulawesi, which is named kangkilo, katoba, and karia (3K). Male puberty in Muna is more biological, while the female puberty is biological as well socially. With anthropology-feminism perspective, this paper confirms that three series ofwomen ritual in Muna is an effort to construct social and culturaly the ideal female character on the side of reproduction, which reassures biased treatment because lack of production ritual for men in his life-cycle ritual. These finding highlights that the portraits of women in the tradition often paradoxical and unfair, where the female puberty socially and culturally is constructed, whereas male puberty is biological and natural which leads gender inequality.

Jack London, Marriage, and Divorce

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Virginia Eby
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Era ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Jack London ◽  
Marriage And Divorce ◽  
First Marriage

While Jack London is renowned for hypermasculine narratives, this essay traces his ongoing interest in marriage and domestic themes. That thread becomes especially visible as the essay establishes as an overlooked historical context for understanding London’s thinking about gender: the Progressive era debate over marriage and divorce. While in early work (and in his own first marriage) London maintained a troubling distinction between “Mother”-women versus “Mate”-women, later work (and to some extent, London’s second marriage) reflects a more egalitarian and companionate model, such as was recommended by contemporary marriage reformers. In particular, this essay traces the marriage reformers’ idea of a voluntary relationship between economically independent coworkers as refracted through London’s evolving portrayals of the division of labor in romantic partnerships. Drawing from London’s two marriages, one divorce, and troubled relationship with his daughters, this essay examines as well his evolving portrayals of sexuality, adultery, and reproduction.

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