scholarly journals Subordinasi Kepemimpinan Perempuan dalam Budaya Batak Toba

Author(s):  
Rispritosia Sibarani ◽  
Yurulina Gulo

In this paper we analyze the position of women in the social life of the Toba Batak community, in influencing others to do something called a leader. In the context of such thinking, the author wants to see why women in Toba Batak have not experienced development in leadership and want to elaborate on the process of socio-cultural transmigration in Batak Bangso especially Batak Toba in political, social and cultural aspects, the majority of whose leaders are men. This paper uses a descriptive-analytic approach and with a qualitative approach. The results of the study mentioned that women experience gender inequality which is characterized by the occurrence of subordination (numbering) and marginalization of Batak women. In the field of politics, the ideal leadership is always measured from a men's perspective, so that the position of women is increasingly weak in their interaction with the surrounding community. Domestication and marginalization of women in the public sphere seems to have been exhausted and enjoyed by women because they are educated and live in a patriarchal culture by believing and believing in diverting religious teachings that are understood in a discriminatory way, and perpetuating women's alienation.

Author(s):  
Achmad Habibullah

The opinion from studies on religious aspects of senior high school Islamic club summarized in this paper is important considering as lately there is a stronger tendency that Islamic club at school has became a religious movement that is spreading inclusive religious social attitudes. At the beginning of its formation, Islamic club is expected to be the arena for development of Islamic religious knowledge and insight for students that are not sufficiently explored in the activities of Islamic religious education lessons in the classroom. The study used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews as the main instrument in eight cities in Indonesia, and seeks like to see the social religious attitudes of Islamic club activists associated with aspects of Islam in social life, Islam in the political life of the state, and Islam in gender equality. The findings show that in general high school Islamic club activists are more open and tolerant in neighboring life, but they expect the Islamic system can be the foundation. There is also a tendency that high school Islamic club activists expect that islam can be the foundation of our state system, in which the Islamic system of government (Khilafah Islamiyah) is the best alternative on the democratic system that has drawbacks. High school Islamic club activists in high school tend to put women in a subordinate position of men in both the domestic and the public sphere.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-396
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Irwan Widjaja ◽  
Harls Evan R. Siahaan ◽  
Nathanael Octavianus

Abstract. The involvement of the church in social life outside the church is something that continues to struggle from time to time; the church, on the one hand, felt compelled to be involved in all aspects of life; on the other, it felt sufficient to focus on the spiritual dimension of life. Meanwhile, participation in the social domain is often articulated with religious mission activities that wish to win souls and increase the number of church members. This article aimed to present a theological reflection framework on hospitality in a Pentecostal perspective, as a spirituality that drives the participatory philosophy of Pentecostals in the public sphere, both socially and politically. The method used is descriptive analysis, with a literature study approach. The result is that the hospitality attitude of the early church in the Acts constructs a Pentecostal reflection of the participation of Pentecostals in the public sphere.Abstrak. Keterlibatan gereja dalam kehidupan sosial di luar gereja merupakan hal yang terus mengalami pergumulan dari waktu ke waktu; gereja di satu sisi merasa harus terlibat dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan, di sisi lain merasa cukup untuk memfokuskan pada dimensi kehidupan rohani. Sementara itu, partisipasi pada domain sosial tidak jarang diartikulasikan dengan kegiatan misi gerejawi yang ingin memenangkan jiwa dan menambahkan jumlah anggota gereja. Artikel ini bertujuan menyajikan sebuah kerangka refleksi teologis tentang hospitalitas dalam perspektif Pentakostal, sebagai spirtualitas yang menggerakkan sikap partisipatif kaum Pentakostal pada ruang publik, baik secara sosial dan politik. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasilnya, sikap hospitalitas jemaat mula-mula pada narasi Kisah Para Rasul mengonstruksi sebuah perenungan Pentakostal mengenai partisipasi kaum Pentakostal pada ruang publik.


Author(s):  
Christina Vital da Cunha

Abstract In past decades, Catholicism in Brazil has emerged as a privileged theme in the Social Sciences literature, coming to be recognised as a key element in the formation of a "national culture". For the less affluent residents of the city, Catholicism constituted what Sanchis (1997) called “traditional urban popular culture”. Despite the abstraction contained in the notion of a "popular culture", Sanchis’ perspective has had wide academic repercussion. With the growing presence of Pentecostal Evangelicals in the public sphere, and the percentage of people who claimed to be “Evangelical” in the IBGE censuses since 1990, part of the social science literature began to reflect on the possible establishment of a "Pentecostal culture" in Brazil. In this article, I analyse the formation of a Pentecostal culture in urban peripheries. To this end, I consider that the increase in the number of Pentecostal churches and their devotees in these localities provoked changes in different spheres of social life. This article is based on empirical field research carried out intermittently between the years of 1996 and 2015 in the Acari shantytown (Rio de Janeiro).


2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Eder

The article situates the issue of the public sphere as a phenomenon that is historically bound and culturally specific. According to this point of view, the Western practices and the Western way of thinking about the public sphere appear as a historically particular way of dealing with the more general phenomenon which is the creation of a social bond beyond the family. Looking at the self-contradictory effects of the ‘modern’ Western public sphere, the question is asked whether the public association of self-interested or self-governing individuals might have to be theorized as a partial and insufficient solution to the social bond. A comparative perspective shows that it is not individuals but cultural forms that link people in the public sphere. They do so by providing a narrative basis of discourses and/or markets that in the self-understanding of modernity shape social life.


Author(s):  
Martin Brückner

This chapter argues that the social life of “spectacular” maps contributed to the creation of the American public sphere between 1750 and 1860. Recovering the way in which materially overdetermined maps—that is, wall maps whose representational contents were enhanced or qualified by their visual design and material heft—stood out from the vast array of printed texts, it shows how wall maps became public spectacles. Marshalling inventories, public documents, and visual evidence, the chapter documents map placements inside architectural landscapes that included lecture halls, museums, and the meeting rooms of religious or reform societies. Frequently staged as theatrical props, large maps reconfigured the public sphere as a social space where public expressions of reason and passion became predicated on the spectacle of cartographic representation, with maps providing implicit or explicit support (or withholding it) during performances that ranged from political speeches and educational meetings to ballroom dances and art exhibitions.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Heloiza Helena Matos e Nobre ◽  
Guilherme Fráguas Nobre

ABSTRACTAcademia has a triple mission: research, education, and extension. This paper deals with ‘public communication’ as a matter for education and extension. The idea is that there is no citizenship or democracy without the training on ‘public communication’ abilities. Only citizens who are able to speak and act at the public sphere can participate on the social life. Such abilities are twofold: parliamentary (how to speak) and executive (how to act). The paper shows how is possible to effectively communicate through silent acts, as well as how ‘public communication’ can have a “dark side of the force”. Finally, it states that all ‘public communication’ should lead to peaceful living and social cohesion. KEYWORDS: public communication; education; extension; training; civic skills.  RESUMOA Academia tem uma tripla missão: pesquisa, educação e extensão. Este artigo trata da "comunicação pública" como uma questão de educação e extensão. A ideia é que não há cidadania ou democracia sem um treinamento em habilidades de ‘comunicação pública'. Apenas os cidadãos que são capazes de falar e agir na esfera pública podem participar na vida social. Essas habilidades são de dois tipos: parlamentar (como falar) e executivo (como agir). O artigo mostra como é possível comunicar de forma eficaz através de atos silenciosos, bem como a «comunicação pública» pode ter um "lado negro da força". Finalmente, afirma que toda "comunicação pública" deve levar a uma convivência pacífica e à coesão social. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: comunicação pública; Educação; extensão; Treinamento; competências cívicas.  RESUMENLa academia tiene una triple misión: investigación, educación y extensión. Este trabajo se ocupa de la ‘comunicación pública’ como una cuestión de educación y extensión. La idea es que no hay democracia ni ciudadanía sin el entrenamiento en habilidades de ‘comunicación pública’. Sólo los ciudadanos que son capaces de hablar y actuar en la esfera pública pueden participar en la vida social. Tales habilidades son de dos tipos: parlamentaria (hablar) y ejecutiva (actuar). El documento muestra cómo es posible comunicarse de manera efectiva a través de actos silenciosos, así como la ‘comunicación pública’ puede tener un "lado oscuro de la fuerza". Por último, se establece que toda ‘comunicación pública’ debe conducir a una vida pacífica y a la cohesión social. PALABRAS-CLAVE: comunicación pública; educación; extensión; entrenamiento; habilidades cívicas.


Author(s):  
Larisa N. Chernova ◽  

The article examines the place and role of women in the social life of London in the 14th–15th centuries based on the material of the original sources. It is shown that, despite the restrictions fixed by custom and laws on the social activity of women, the range of occupations of the townsmen –wives and widows – was unusually wide. It is craft and trade, including the right to take apprentices, real estate transactions, and financial deals. Women did not just help men in the craft or trade shops, but also worked independently. The status of women, especially married women, who chose to participate in trade or in town production as their main occupation, was never fully developed. A significant degradation in the position of women in the public sphere in London occurred in the 16th century. The author concludes that, despite all the difficulties, a new type of woman was gradually developed in the city – energetic, enterprising, educated, who acts in society as an independent head of the family and business.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Dubois ◽  
Séverine Louvel ◽  
Anne Le Goff ◽  
Catherine Guaspare ◽  
Patrick Allard

Abstract Despite the high public interest in epigenetics, few scholars have empirically investigated the forms, reasons and consequences of the public circulation of epigenetics. Using an original database focusing on ‘lifestyle’ or ‘everyday’ epigenetics, this article aims to promote an open-minded and interdisciplinary dialogue between the public appropriation of epigenetics and the current scientific state of the art. It raises three main questions: Are there any specific modes of circulation of epigenetics in the general public? Why does epigenetics seem so appealing to the public? Within the public repertoire of epigenetics, is it possible to identify some specific knowledge claims and, if so, given the current state of the art, what is their degree of accuracy? The article argues that the social diffusion of epigenetics frequently carries on beliefs and misconceptions about genetics and epigenetics. The social life of epigenetics fuels a collective ‘illusion’ of control and empowerment on the basis of which new markets expand. More unexpectedly, this article underlines the emergence of a new scientific culture, i.e. the ‘scientifization’ of the cultural appropriation of epigenetics. Our analysis can inform the scientific community about the current and evolving state of the public representation of epigenetics and help it frame outreach activities.


2003 ◽  
pp. 171-194
Author(s):  
Sasa Jovancevic

The immediacy of daily encounters with gender roles, as well as the specific features of authoritarian mediation in their social shaping, make an analysis of gendered social interaction indispensable. In this paper the analysis is centered on the concept of social character, with special emphasis on authoritarianism as a continuous determinant of the transformation of natural sex into social construct of gender. It is precisely the authoritarian personality type that is the basis for alienated gender, dominated by sexism, a ?natural? belonging to the private or the public sphere of social life, suppression of individual human capacities, and reduction of choice. After a review of the theoretical conceptions of social character and authoritarianism, a historical-comparative analysis of authoritarianism is offered, where the latter is seen as an element of the social character within the perspective of the typology traditional - modern - postmodern society. It is argued in conclusion that, in spite of certain emancipatory achievements, men and women still tend to escape into the security of authoritarian alienation. Feminist theory remains a basic source for reflecting on these processes; therefore the author pleads for a wider acceptance of feminist insights as contributions to establishing a postmodern, interpretive ?sociology in a new key?.


2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Azelarabe Bennani

The issue we will discuss is related to the use of the Internet by the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to improve the social development in the African and international context. We will also discuss the philo-sophical background of the notion of ?public sphere‘ by the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas. Departing from the situation in Morocco, we observe that the lasting democratization process aims to improve the participation of the public sphere in the agency of social life. Taking for granted that society is not homo-geneous as expected, we observe that it is divided into the political establishment, including the state, par-liament, and the political institutions; in the social, religious and cultural institutions and the civil society. The state aims to enhance the participation of the other social spheres in the programme set by the government. The task is to engage the public sphere in the so called ?partnership‘ in the realization of its social pro-grammes.


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