Architectural Remains at Fort St. Joseph

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika K. Hartley ◽  
Michael S. Nassaney
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
New France ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Function Construction

This chapter reveals the architectural remains recovered at Fort St. Joseph. Unlike other colonial settlements, no detailed maps, drawings, or descriptions have come to light to illuminate the physical appearance of the fort. Here, we trace the origins of French colonial architectural styles and how they were adapted to the New World. We then employ archaeological and documentary sources to ascertain the types of buildings that may have existed at Fort St. Joseph, their functions, and what they may have looked like. This information will help in our interpretations of the function, construction techniques, and materials used to construct buildings as revealed through the architectural remains and associated structural materials found at Fort St. Joseph. This examination of eighteenth-century buildings in New France provides a better appreciation and understanding of colonial architecture and the conservative nature of French building practices.

Fort St. Joseph Revealed

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
New France ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Western Michigan University ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Western Great Lakes ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Colonial Frontier

After nearly two decades of investigations at Fort St. Joseph, historical archaeologists have revealed the contours of everyday life at one of the most important French colonial outposts in the western Great Lakes region. Initially founded as a mission along the St. Joseph River in the 1680s, the French soon established a settlement amidst their Miami and Potawatomi allies, and the site became a strategic stronghold before it was abandoned in 1781. For many years, the site eluded archaeological discovery, until 1998 when Western Michigan University archaeologists identified material evidence of the long-lost Fort. In 2002, after a century of searching for the Fort, subsurface testing revealed undisturbed archaeological deposits in the form of fireplaces, pits, and trash middens—definitive material evidence of Fort St. Joseph. Under the auspices of the Fort St. Joseph Archaeological Project, subsequent fieldwork and analysis have focused on examining the materiality of the Fort and the relationships between the Fort residents and local native populations. Fort St. Joseph Revealed employs archaeological and documentary sources to examine the history and culture of a fur trade society on the frontier of New France. This collection of papers is the first compilation of analyses derived from documents, cultural features, plant and animal remains, and various artifacts both to explore the importance of Fort St. Joseph in the past and in the present and to synthesize data on the colonial frontier from the perspective of a single place in the western Great Lakes region.

Nicolas Gueudeville's Enlightenment Utopia

Moreana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (Number 209) (1) ◽  
pp. 24-60
Author(s):  
Russ Leo
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Political Anthropology ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
Original Length ◽  
English Law

Nicolas Gueudeville's 1715 French translation of Utopia is often dismissed as a “belle infidèle,” an elegant but unfaithful work of translation. Gueudeville does indeed expand the text to nearly twice its original length. But he presents Utopia as a contribution to emergent debates on tolerance, natural religion, and political anthropology, directly addressing the concerns of many early advocates of the ideas we associate with Enlightenment. In this sense, it is not as much an “unfaithful” presentation of More's project as it is an attempt to introduce Utopia to eighteenth-century francophone audiences—readers for whom theses on political economy and natural religion were much more salient than More's own preoccupations with rhetoric and English law. This paper introduces Gueudeville and his oeuvre, paying particular attention to his revisions to Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce, Baron de Lahontan's 1703 Nouveaux Voyages dans l'Amérique Septentrionale. Published in 1705, Gueudeville's “revised, corrected, & augmented” version of Lahontan's Voyages foregrounds the rational and natural religion of the Huron as well as their constitutive aversion to property, to concepts of “mine” and “yours.” Gueudeville's revised version of Lahontan's Voyages purports to be an anthropological investigation as well as a study of New World political economy; it looks forward, moreover, to his edition of Utopia, framing More's work as a comparable study of political economy and anthropology. Gueudeville, in other words, renders More's Utopia legible to Enlightenment audiences, depicting Utopia not in terms of impossibility and irony but rather as a study of natural religion and attendant forms of political, devotional, and economic life. Gueudeville's edition of Utopia even proved controversial due, in part, to his insistence on the rationality as well as the possibility of Utopia.

To Sin No More

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rex Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Spain ◽  
New World ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Spanish Atlantic ◽  
Franciscan Order

For 300 years, Franciscans were at the forefront of the spread of Catholicism in the New World. In the late seventeenth century, Franciscans developed a far-reaching, systematic missionary program in Spain and the Americas. After founding the first college of propaganda fide in the Mexican city of Querétaro, the Franciscan Order established six additional colleges in New Spain, ten in South America, and twelve in Spain. From these colleges Franciscans proselytized Native Americans in frontier territories as well as Catholics in rural and urban areas in eighteenth-century Spain and Spanish America. This is the first book to study these colleges, their missionaries, and their multifaceted, sweeping missionary programs. By focusing on the recruitment of non-Catholics to Catholicism as well as the deepening of religious fervor among Catholics, the book shows how the Franciscan colleges expanded and shaped popular Catholicism in the eighteenth-century Spanish Atlantic world. This book explores the motivations driving Franciscan friars, their lives inside the colleges, their training, and their ministry among Catholics, an often-overlooked duty that paralleled missionary deployments. It argues that Franciscan missionaries aimed to reform or “reawaken” Catholic parishioners just as much as they sought to convert non-Christian Native Americans.

Gigacycle Fatigue of Welded Joints of Structural Materials (A Review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okechukwu P. Nwachukwu ◽  
Alexander V. Gridasov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Gridasova
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Material Defects ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Ultrasonic Fatigue ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Fatigue Failures

This review looks into the state of gigacycle fatigue behavior of some structural materials used in engineering works. Particular attention is given to the use of ultrasonic fatigue testing machine (USF-2000) due to its important role in conducting gigacycle fatigue tests. Gigacycle fatigue behavior of most materials used for very long life engineering applications is reviewed.Gigacycle fatigue behavior of magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, spheroid graphite cast iron, steels and nickel alloys are reviewed together with the examination of the most common material defects that initiate gigacycle fatigue failures in these materials. In addition, the stage-by-stage fatigue crack developments in the gigacycle regime are reviewed. This review is concluded by suggesting the directions for future works in gigacycle fatigue.

Robert Livingston (1654-1728): Businessman of Colonial New York

1956 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Leder ◽  
Vincent P. Carosso
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Functions

Robert Livingston's career provides the first opportunity to consider in detail the emergence of an early New York businessman. Trained in business in Rotterdam, he brought to the New World the experience, knowledge, and techniques of one of the most advanced commercial centers of his day. On the Albany frontier he applied the Old World's business methods to advantage and gradually emerged as a dominant figure in colonial New York. His records and business correspondence leave no doubt that Livingston belonged to that class of businessmen often referred to as sedentary or resident merchants, though he did not employ as many agents and partners as his later, more mature counterparts. Neither did he engage in as many ventures or perform as many functions as the Browns, Hancocks, and other late eighteenth-century merchants, nor did he create an impressive business organization at home or abroad as was customary among certain European contemporaries. Still, as a wholesaler and retailer, importer and exporter, shipowner and land speculator, Livingston was an early New York practitioner of diversified business functions and investments. His extensive land dealings, no doubt motivated in part by the social prestige attached to real estate, were undertaken primarily as a source of credit and revenue. Livingston Manor was operated as a business enterprise: some of it was cultivated on Livingston's behalf, parts were leased to tenants who provided for the Lord of the Manor not only rents but a steady market for the goods he obtained in overseas trading ventures, and other sections were devoted to various manufacturing enterprises. Livingston's political life was an integral and necessary part of his business ventures, which reflected at all points the total instability of most colonial institutions. From the details of Livingstons many-sided commercial life emerges a rare picture of an embryonic business society in which the means were sorely taxed to achieve the ends conceived by ambitious men.

scholarly journals Development of a Self-Destroying Fuse for Rocket Propelled Grenade Munitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
Rafał Bazela
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Technology Demonstrator

Abstract The paper presents a proposal for modernising the DCR-type self-destroying fuse for rocket propelled grenade munitions. It features a description of the fuse’s structure concept, its design and operation by presenting its particular stages. The further part is a description of the structural materials used for constructing the modernised fuse. Then, a conducted analysis of laboratory and field testing of the developed fuse models was presented. The results of the field testing of the devised and developed modernised fuse technology demonstrator are shown. The high quality of the fuse’s operation was demonstrated. The research paper is concluded with a short summary and a list of the literature used.

scholarly journals Integrazioni multidisciplinari: storia, rilievo e rappresentazioni del castello di Palmariggi in Terra d’Otranto

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Palestini ◽  
Carlos Cacciavillani
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Direct Knowledge ◽  
Defensive Structure ◽  
History Survey ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village

Multidisciplinary integrations: history, survey and representations of the castle of Palmariggi in Terra d’OtrantoThe contribution integrates historical readings, conducted through archive documents and iconographic materials, with surveys and graphical analyzes carried out through direct knowledge of Palmariggi’s historic center in Salento. The imposing Aragonese castle of which today only the two cylindrical towers remain, joined together by a stretch of perimeter masonry, initially presented a quadrangular plan with four corner towers, of which three are cylindrical and one is square and was surrounded by an existing moat, until the middle of the twentieth century, with a wooden drawbridge on the eastern side. The fortress was part of a strategic defensive system, designed to protect the village and the productive Otranto’s land with which it was related. The fortified Palmeriggi’s center represented an important defensive bulwark placed within the network of routes and agricultural activities that led from the hinterland to the port of Otranto, where flourishing trade took place. The research examines the changes undergone by the defensive structure that has had several adaptations made initially in relation to changing military requirements, resulting from the use of firearms, the upgrades that were supposed to curb the repeated looting and the military reprisals against the inhabited coastal and inland centers of Salento peninsula, and later social that led to the expansion of fortified village with Palazzo Vernazza’s (eighteenth century) adjacent construction and the original parade ground’s elimination. Summing up, the contribution in addition to documenting the current situation with integrated surveys, the state of preservation of fortified structure with its village, of which it examines the urban evolution based on the construction, typological and morphological systems, relates to the surrounding territory by comparing the plant of the ancient nucleus with that of neighboring fortified Salento’s centers. Finally, digital study models allow fortified structure’s three-dimensional analysis, its construction techniques, assuming the original shape.

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