Building the Ideal

Author(s):  
Stacy C. Kozakavich

This chapter introduces the terminology of studying alternative communities and interrogates the terms utopian, communal, and intentional as applicable to the subject of the book. Finding "intentional communities" to be the preferred term, the chapter provides five qualities that are shared by all groups who may be defined as such. An overview of the types of communities prevalent in American history follows, including religious movements such as the Shakers and Harmonists, social reform movements such as the Oneida Community and Brook Farm, and socialist experiments such as the Kaweah Co-operative Commonwealth and Llano del Rio Cooperative. The chapter explains why company towns, residential institutions, and temporary communities are not intentional communities and provides justification for the geographic limitations of the volume.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1374-1386
Author(s):  
Daniel Paulo Braga ◽  
Gislania de Meneses Silva ◽  
Tulio Viana Bandeira ◽  
Maria Lucia Brito da Cruz

O referido trabalho busca fazer uma análise dos impactos ambientais oriundos da construção da via paisagística às margens do Rio Maranguapinho no bairro Canindezinho, ressaltando as transformações geradas pela sua implantação e a modificação do espaço urbano e das formas de ocupação da planície fluvial do rio neste trecho. Para a obtenção de resultados, foi realizado pesquisas bibliográficas e visitas em órgãos públicos para levantamento e obtenção de material digital ou impresso acerca da temática abordada. Efetuou-se a análise de imagens de satélite dos anos de 2010 e 2016 em caráter de comparação das temporalidades quanto as ocupações na Área de Proteção Permanente – APP. Também foram realizadas visitas de campo em pontos do bairro para verificação dos impactos e melhor compreender a realidade do objeto em estudo. Logo, os resultados demonstram que as intervenções realizadas pela via paisagística agregaram outros equipamentos urbanos de infraestrutura e organização espacial, tais como barragens, praças e conjuntos habitacionais, incluindo a qualificação das margens para a recuperação das APPs de aproximadamente 50 metros ao longo do rio, contudo, foram identificados problemas quanto a remoção dos moradores e a utilização das áreas desapropriadas para a acumulação de resíduos sólidos.Palavras-chave: Área de Preservação Permanente. Recursos Hídricos. Impacto Ambiental. ABSTRACTThis work seeks to analyze the environmental impacts of the construction of the landscaped road on the banks of the Maranguapinho River in the Canindezinho neighborhood, highlighting the transformations generated by its implantation and the modification of the urban space and the forms of occupation of the fluvial plain of the river in this section . In order to obtain results, bibliographical researches and visits were made to public agencies to collect and obtain digital or printed material about the subject matter. The analysis of satellite images of the years 2010 and 2016 was carried out in a comparison of temporalities and occupations in the Permanent Protection Area (APP). Field visits were also carried out at points in the neighborhood to verify impacts and better understand the reality of the object being studied. Therefore, the results show that the landscape interventions added other urban infrastructure and spatial organization equipment, such as dams, squares and housing complexes, including the qualification of the margins for the recovery of PPAs of approximately 50 meters along the river, however, problems were identified regarding the removal of the residents and the use of the expropriated areas for solid waste accumulation.Keywords: Permanent Preservation Area. Water resources. Environmental impact. RESUMENEste trabajo busca analizar los impactos ambientales derivados de la construcción de la carretera ajardinada a orillas del río Maranguapinho en el barrio de Canindezinho, destacando las transformaciones generadas por su implementación y la modificación del espacio urbano y las formas de ocupación de la llanura del río en este tramo. . Para obtener resultados, se llevaron a cabo investigaciones bibliográficas y visitas a agencias públicas para recopilar y obtener material digital o impreso sobre el tema. Se analizaron imágenes satelitales de 2010 y 2016 para comparar las temporalidades con respecto a las ocupaciones en el Área de Protección Permanente - APP. También se realizaron visitas de campo en puntos del vecindario para verificar los impactos y comprender mejor la realidad del objeto en estudio. Por lo tanto, los resultados muestran que las intervenciones paisajísticas han agregado otra infraestructura urbana y equipo de organización espacial, como presas, plazas y urbanizaciones, incluida la calificación de márgenes para la recuperación de APP de aproximadamente 50 metros a lo largo del río, sin embargo, se identificaron problemas con respecto a la remoción de residentes y el uso de áreas expropiadas para la acumulación de desechos sólidos.Palabras clave: Área de Preservación Permanente. Recursos hídricos. Impacto ambiental.


1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Robert Carlyle Beyer

The subject of identity is both important and timely. In the last twenty years we ourselves have been so involved in the processes of alienation, myth-making and image-making that the recent concentration of thinking on the subject of “identity” is easily recognized as only one more facet to the same problem. The term “identity” appears in the title of several recent books on Latin America. The general themes of our two papers—religious movements and students—are currently very much in the fore when the subject of identity is discussed.At first, the prospect of relating these two papers under the single theme “A Search for Identity” appeared to me unpromising; but as I began to extend my modest reading about identity, I became increasingly intrigued. I thought to myself: “Should I really take my courage in my hands and talk about identity with all the abstractions and the pitfalls that abstractions bring?” While trying to make up my mind, a day dream flashed before me.


Author(s):  
G. Nikol'skaya

U.S. immigrant population (legal and illegal) reached 40 millions in 2010, the highest number in American history. Nearly 14 millions of new immigrants settled in the country from 2000 to 2010, making it the highest decade of immigration in American history. For the United States, the immigration has always been both crucial to the economic growth and a source of serious conflicts. There has been no significant movement toward federal immigration reform since bipartisan project blocked in 2007. But it has been the subject of fever legislation at a state level, and President Obama made a decision to return to this question in the coming presidential campaign.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Dr. Nasir Ahmad Ganaie

The article tries to examine and study the role of some of the Hindu social reform movements that came up during the British rule to transform, modernize, and uplift society by imparting modern or western education. The article studies their role in eradicating social evils like child re-marriage, dowry and sati among the Hindu community in Jammu and Kashmir. In addition to these elements, it also tries to enlighten the role of various Hindu reform movements in imparting education among all sections of society without any discrimination.


Author(s):  
Carmen Lera

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre la situación de la investigación en el campo del Trabajo Social en Argentina y más específicamente su desarrollo en la Facultad de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. El recorrido se inicia recuperando a los precursores en el ámbito de las investigaciones sociales que básicamente están ligadas a los movimientos de reforma social. En esa breve incursión resultan interesantes los aportes provenientes de la historiografía de las mujeres. Luego se aborda la actualidad de la investigación de Trabajo Social en el contexto argentino donde se avizoran renovados desarrollos que contribuyen a la consolidación del campo profesional.This paper serves to reflect on the research situation in the field of social work in Argentina and more specifically its development at the Faculty of Social Work in the National University of Entre Ríos. We started off by recovering the forerunners of social research, which is mainly linked to social reform movements. In this brief incursion into the field, the contributions based on the historiography of women proved to be of interest. The research into social work was then looked at in its current state within the Argentinean context, where renewed progress was examined leading to the consolidation of the professional field.


Author(s):  
Irina Gorohova ◽  
Mihail Filippov

The article considers one of the important directions of the practical psychologist-teacher in residential institutions - psychological counseling, the problem of psychological counseling of boarding school students, specific features of counseling by a teacher-psychologist, features of the consultant's interaction with boarding school students, the content of the motivational and need-based sphere of students at all stages of their stay in this institution: during the period of adaptation of students, correction, and training, as well as during their preparation for new living conditions and practical life after graduation, a teenager, getting into the new environment of a residential institution, it faces a lot of complex problems, it has questions about almost all vital situations: family and household, material, interpersonal, labor, legal, and so on. In the case of solving any problem situations, the level of anxiety increases in the pupils, on the basis of which neurotic states can develop, psychological overstrain, which manifests itself in numerous conflicts. To prevent them objectively and to resolve any contradictions in each residential institution psychologists-teachers must be organized counseling on topical issues of activity, relations and communication between pupils, special attention in the process of psychological counseling is given to the subject of "works" adviser: behaviour, feelings and experiences of pupils, and lists in detail the difficulties and errors made by the educational psychologist in the process of psychological counseling.


1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Jeffress Little

For the uninitiated the subject of moral reform appears to be a topic best suited for examining the traditional view of the Latin American woman: that of a female preoccupied with sin and salvation and with no interest in the world outside the home or increased rights for her sex. Closer investigation reveals, however, that moral reform movements often have indicated women's active presence and concern about the direction of a nation's social policies and customs. (Addams, 1912: 160-195; Davis, 1973; Smith-Rosenberg, 1971: 381-385, 562-564). Involvement in moral reform activities often but not always has meant that a woman considered herself a feminist and believed that the goals of these two movements were inextricably linked together. In order to explore these two hypotheses, this essay will focus on Paulina Luisi (1875-1950), an Uruguayan doctor whose lifelong dedication to moral reform and feminism earned her an international reputation as a fighter for one sexual moral standard and women's rights (Mapons, 1950; Scarone, 1937: 284-289). Examining her extensive writings and many projects provides an excellent insight into two movements which claimed the loyalty of numerous women activists, both bourgeois and socialist, in Latin America, Europe, and the United States (Addams, 1912; Chataway, 1962; Lloyd, 1971; Luisi, 1948). Given the Latin American context and the time period, Luisi can be seen as a major figure in the international feminist and moral reform movements.


Author(s):  
Heather A. Haveman

This concluding chapter summarizes that the book has documented the evolution of American magazines from a few, fragile, questionable undertakings to more than a thousand robust, highly legitimate elements of print culture. Between 1741 and 1860, magazines underwent a profound transformation that were made possible by a series of changes in American society, including population growth and urbanization, advances in publishing technologies, the gradual development of copyright law, the modernization of social reform movements, and the rise of protoscientific agriculture. The chapter discusses the implications of the book's findings for understanding modernity and community, for other aspects of American society such as the establishment of various medical schools, and for those who study media in the contemporary era. It concludes by reiterating the important role played by magazines in fostering the pluralistic integration that distinguished American society from European ones in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.


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