Double Coloniality in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Guichón ◽  
Romina Casali ◽  
Pamela García Laborde ◽  
Melisa A. Salerno ◽  
Rocio Guichón
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Porotic Hyperostosis ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
High Prevalence

Guichón and co-authors open the windows on the contact experience in Tierra de Fuego in southern Argentina. These authors explore colonialism to the very end of the archaeological record at the Salesian mission of La Candelaria, which was founded in 1897 and abandoned in the 1940s. Drawing from diverse documentary sources, Guichón and colleagues construct a remarkably contextualized case study and a guiding theoretical framework involving “double colonialism.” Diversity in mortuary practices at La Candelaria indicates that peoples buried there possessed distinct social identities (i.e., clergy, settlers, and Selk’nam natives). A paleopathological study of the human remains indicated mission residents experienced a notable degree of biological stress in the forms of porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, dental enamel hypoplasia, non-specific periosteal reactions, worsened oral health, and a high prevalence of skeletal tuberculosis, all emerging as functions of socioeconomic reality created by the mission setting.

IMPLICAÇÕES ODONTOLÓGICAS DO ACOMETIMENTO PELA DOENÇA CELÍACA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Spezzia
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Keywords Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestino Delgado

Resumo Doença celíaca (DC) consta de desordem inflamatória crônica autoimune, que desencadeia reação autoimune na região do intestino delgado. As modificações ocasionadas pela DC na mucosa do intestino delgado possuem reversibilidade, ao passo que orienta-se os pacientes a não ingerir mais alimentação que contenha o glúten. Deve ser adotada também como medida a averiguação das bulas dos remédios, no intuito de verificar se os mesmos contém traços de glúten em sua fórmula. Existem inúmeros pacientes assintomáticos, o que dificulta a determinação diagnóstica e sabe-se que caso não se proceda ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento da DC em tempo hábil pode haver complicações indesejáveis. O objetivo do presente artigo foi averiguar acerca das manifestações bucais ocorridas em pacientes doentes em decorrência da presença da DC. As principais manifestações orais da DC que podem ocorrer envolvem hipossalivação; glossites; defeitos de esmalte; úlceras aftosas recorrentes; estomatites; aftas; manchas por insuficiência ou por excesso de cálcio, dentre outras. O conhecimento e a conscientização prévia pelos cirurgiões dentistas acerca das repercussões bucais acarretadas pela possível presença da DC em seus pacientes é de fundamental importância para o aprimoramento diagnóstico e para a adoção de condutas odontológicas apropriadas. Palavras-chave: Doença Celíaca. Dieta. Diagnóstico Precoce. Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário. Keywords: Celiac Disease. Diet. Early Diagnosis. Dental Enamel Hypoplasia.

A case study of a patient with anti-Yta alloantibodies against the high-prevalence antigen of red blood cells qualified for heart transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Monika Witoszek ◽  
Małgorzata Kalaga
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Indirect Antiglobulin Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Compatible Blood

The Yta antigen from the Cartwright blood group system is a high-prevalence antigen found in 99.8% of the population. The literature data shows that antibodies anti-Yta demonstrate the variable clinical significance and are rarely the cause of a hemolytic post-transfusion reaction. The study aims to present the difficulties related to the selection and sustainable supply of blood for transfusion for the patient of the Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases with anti-Yta alloantibodies, qualified for a heart transplant. If Yt(a-) blood is not available Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine in Warsaw, referring to reports in the publications, allowed transfusion of the least incompatible red blood cells in indirect antiglobulin test. One hour after transfusion of leucocyte-depleted concentrate of red blood cells (RBCs), issued in accordance with the above recommendations by Regional Blood Donation Center in Katowice as the least incompatible, the patient was observed to experience symptoms of an adverse post-transfusion reaction. For subsequent transfusions, RBCs from Yt(a-) donors were selected, of which only eight were registered in Poland at that time. Medical decisions on RBCs transfusion in patients for whom no compatible blood can be selected is very difficult, and the benefits of incompatible transfusion should be weighed against the risk of possible complications. To avoid this, it should be remembered that the early identification of antibodies increases the chance of finding serologically compatible blood and in many cases allows to supply blood for a patient with autologous donations.

scholarly journals Another elderly lady to be knocked down: Heritage discourse and the protest to save the Missions to Seamen building, 1986

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexander Gordon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
City Council ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heritage Discourse

<p>Through a specific historical case study, Another Elderly Lady to be Knocked Down applies discourse theory and the Authorised Heritage Discourse (AHD) to the context of urban built heritage in Aotearoa New Zealand. Previously, only limited work had been done in this area. By examining an underexplored event this dissertation fills two gaps in present literature: the history of the event itself and identification of the heritage discourses in the country at the time. Examination of these discourses in context also allows conclusions about the use of the AHD in similar studies to be critically examined.  In 1986 the Missions to Seamen building in Wellington, New Zealand, was threatened with demolition by its government owners. In a remarkable display of popular sentiment, individuals, organisations, the Wellington City Council (WCC) and the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (NZHPT) worked together to oppose this unpopular decision. This protest was a seminal event in the history of heritage in New Zealand.  This study relies upon documentary sources, especially the archival records of the Historic Places Trust and the State Services Commission, who owned the building, to provide the history of this watershed moment in New Zealand’s preservation movement. The prevalent attitudes of different groups in Wellington are examined through the letters of protest they wrote at the time. When analysed in context, these discourses reveal the ways in which heritage was articulated and constructed.  The course of this dissertation has revealed the difficulty of identifying an AHD in this context. The level of collaboration between ‘official’ and ‘unofficial’ heritage perspectives, and the extent to which they shaped each other’s language, creates considerable difficulty in distinguishing between discreet discourses. To better explore the ways that heritage meaning is constructed and articulated, heritage must be recognised as a complex dynamic process.</p>

scholarly journals Weaving the Common Threads of Simulation and Formation studies in Archaeology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Davies
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Record

Computer simulation is a tool increasingly used by archaeologists to build theories about past human activity; however, simulation has had a limited role theorising about the relationship between past behaviours and the formation of observed patterning in the material record. This paper visits the argument for using simulation as a means of addressing the gap that exists between archaeological interpretations of past behaviours and their physical residues. It is argued that simulation is used for much the same reason that archaeologists use ethnographic or experimental studies, and that computational models can help to address some of the practical limitations of these approaches to record formation. A case study from arid Australia, examining the effects of episodic surface erosion on the visibility of the record, shows how simple, generative simulations, grounded in formational logic, can be used to compare different explanatory mechanisms and suggest tests of the archaeological record itself.

scholarly journals VIOLÊNCIA E BULLYING EM CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: contributos da perspectiva intercultural

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karina Campos Moreira Da Costa Santos ◽  
Natália Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
School Context ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Investigación Cualitativa ◽  
Culture And Development

O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre a temática da violência e do bullying em contexto escolar, sustentada na análise alargada de diversas fontes documentais, publicações e literatura científica da especialidade, de vários autores de referência, almejando uma aprofundada compreensão e uma adequada contextualização teórica do fenómeno em estudo. Trata-se da primeira etapa de um trabalho de investigação em desenvolvimento no âmbito da referida problemática, no Centro de Estudos das Migrações e das Relações Interculturais (CEMRI), da Universidade Aberta de Lisboa, Grupo de Investigação “Saúde, Cultura e Desenvolvimento”. O trabalho objetiva identificar, compreender e , analisar  os processos inerentes à construção da violência e da exclusão social no  meio escolar português. Pretendemos, também, aferir as principais causas e consequências dos comportamentos violentos em contexto escolar, assim como definir possíveis formas de prevenção e estratégias de intervenção/atuação, nomeadamente através dos contributos da educação intercultural. Para realizar este estudo, ainda em elaboração na sua vertente empírica, optámos pelo método de investigação qualitativa. Escolhemos realizar um estudo de tipo descritivo, na categoria de estudo de caso. Assim, propomo-nos estudar o caso de uma escola do primeiro ciclo do ensino básico, de um agrupamento de escolas do distrito de Setúbal, situada numa zona urbana do concelho do Seixal. Palavras-chave: Violência. Bullying. Vitimização. Escola. Prevenção. Educação intercultural.VIOLENCE AND BULLYING IN SCHOOL CONTEXT: contributions of intercultural perspectiveAbstract: This article presents a literature review on the theme of violence and bullying in schools, based on extensive analysis of various documentary sources, publications and scientific literature, from many relevant authors, aiming to achieve a wide understanding and proper contextualization of the phenomenon under study. This is the first stage of a research work that is being developed on the mentioned topic, at the Research Center for Migration and Intercultural Relations (CEMRI), of the Open University of Lisbon, Research Group “Health, Culture and Development”. The study aims to identify, to know, analyze and understand the processes involved in the construction of violence and social exclusion in portuguese schools. We also intend to assess the main causes and consequences of violent behavior in schools, as well as finding ways to prevent violence and defining intervention strategies / actions, namely through contributions of intercultural education. To carry out this study, still in progress in its empirical part, we have chosen the qualitative research method. We chose to perform a descriptive study, in the case study category. Therefore, we propose to study the case of a school of the first cycle of basic education (primary school), which belongs to a group of schools from Setúbal district, located in an urban area of Seixal.Keywords: Violence. Bullying. Victimization. School. Prevention. Intercultural education.VIOLENCIA Y BULLYING EN EL CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: contribuciones de la perspectiva intercultural Resumen: En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema de la violencia y la intimidación en las escuelas, en base a un amplio análisis de diversas fuentes documentales, publicaciones e literatura científica, de muchos autores de referencia, con el objetivo de una profunda comprensión y contextualización adecuada del fenómeno en estúdio. Esta es la primera parte de un trabajo de investigación en el desarrollo en el Centro de Estudos en Migración y Relaciones Interculturales (CEMRI), de la Universidad Aberta de Lisboa, Grupo de Investigatión “Salud, Cultura y Desarrollo”. El estúdio tiene como objetivo identificar, comprehender y analizar los procesos que intervienen en la construcción de la violencia y la exclusión social en las escuelas portuguesas. Tenemos la intención, también, de identificar las principales causas y consecuencias de los comportamientos  violentos en contextos escolar, así como definir posibles formas de prevención  y estrategias de intervención/atuación, identificada a través de las contribuciones de la educación intercultural.  Para realizar este estudio, todavía en elaboración en su vertiente empírica, optamos por lo método de investigación cualitativa. Elegimos  realizar un estudio del tipo descriptivo, en la categoría de estudio de caso. Así, proponemos estudiar el caso de una escuela de primero ciclo de enseñanza básica, de un agrupamiento  de esculelas del distrito de Setúrbal, situada en la zona urbana del consejo del Seixal.   Palabras clave: Violencia. Bullying. Victimización. Escuela. Prevención. Educación intercultural.

Pre-Colombian Mesoamerica Childhoods

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Realm

Research on pre-Columbian childhood refers to all those studies that consider the different evidence and expressions of children in Mesoamerica, prior to the Spanish invasion in the 16th century. Archaeology, understandably by its very focus, has been one of the most prolific disciplines that has approached this subject of study. Currently, archaeological research focuses on highlighting the different social experiences of the past (or multi-vocality) of social identities, such as gender and childhood, and its relationship with material culture. In addition, archaeologists recognize a modern stereotype that considers children as passive or dependent beings and therefore biases childhood research in the past. Consequently, it is necessary to critically evaluate the cultural specificity of past childhood since each culture has its own way of considering that stage of the life cycle. Another problem, in the archaeological study of childhood, is to consider that children are not socially important individuals. It has been said that their activities are not significant for the economy or the social realm of communities and societies of the past. From archaeology, there exists a general perception that children are virtually unrecognizable from the archaeological record because their behavior leaves few material traces, apart from child burials. It has been since feminist critiques within the discipline that the study of childhood became of vital importance in archaeology to understand the process of gender acquisition through enculturation. This process refers to the way children learn about their gender identity through the material world that surrounds them and the various rituals that prepare them to become persons. Thus, the intent of recent studies on childhood has been to call upon archaeologists to consider children as social actors capable of making meaningful decisions on their own behalf and that they make substantial contributions to their families and their communities. In this sense, studies on pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican cultures have focused at the most basic sense on identifying the presence of children in the archaeological record or ethnohistoric sources. Its aim has been to document the different social ages that make up childhood, the ritual importance of Mesoamerican children, funerary practices, and health conditions marked in children’s bones as well as the different material and identity expressions of childhood through art and its associated material culture.

Quechua’s Southern Boundary: The Case of Santiago del Estero, Argentina

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH DeMARRAIS
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The South ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
North West ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Continued Use

This chapter examines the far southern boundary of Quechua's spread throughout the Andes. It argues that Quechua reached north-west Argentina in Inka times and that it was widely used during the colonial period as well. The rationale for this argument is based primarily on evidence for (1) the extent of Inka resettlements in Argentina; (2) the nature of Inka relations with local peoples in the far south; and (3) continued use of Quechua under the Spaniards, as described in the documentary sources. Less clear are the precise population movements that brought Quechua speakers initially to Santiago del Estero, as the archaeological record suggests that the Inka frontier lay higher up the slopes in the provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Tucumán, and Catamarca, where the majority of Inka installations are found. The documents reveal that activities of the Spaniards had further, far-reaching consequences for Quechua's presence in the south Andes, and that ultimately Quechua was replaced in most of north-west Argentina by Spanish.

scholarly journals Mesolithic Fireplaces and the Enculturation of Early Holocene Landscapes in Britain, with a Case Study from Western Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 131-159
Author(s):  
Steven Mithen
Keyword(s):  
Early Holocene ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The Social

In light of the enculturation of landscapes by ethnographically documented hunter-gatherers, we should expect Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to have endowed their early Holocene landscapes with meaning. Attempts to find evidence for this have focussed on the unusual and exotic – those aspects of the archaeological record that seem immediately unrelated to subsistence. In this contribution, I suggest that fireplaces, ubiquitous on Mesolithic sites and often swiftly passed over in site reports as evidence for cooking alone, had played a key role in the process of landscape enculturation. Although we cannot reconstruct the specific meanings once attached to early Holocene landscapes, by appreciating the social and cultural significance of fireplaces we gain a more holistic view of the Mesolithic than is currently the case, whether in those studies that focus on settlement and subsistence or those that cite examples of ritual. In the course of making this argument, I summarise the evidence for fireplaces from Mesolithic Britain, noting the need for more systematic reporting. Finally, I provide a case study from western Scotland that seeks to view a suite of fireplaces in the context of the landscape topography, early Holocene environments, subsistence economy, and by drawing on selected ethnographic analogies.

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