scholarly journals A RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA E CUSTOS DE CUIDADO DE SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Tiago de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Luis do Nascimento Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

There is a growing concern about the multi-resistant capabilities presented by microorganisms to antimicrobials. Society is harmed by the redirection of financial resources from other areas, also lacking the population, to purchase more potent antimicrobials and in larger quantities. This study describes the consumption of antimicrobial drugs and their impact generated through a systematic review, following the recommendations of the Prisma method. Searches were performed in four databases (Portal BVS, PubMed, Embase and Science Direct). A total of 196 articles were found, 11 of which were selected after applying the eligibility criteria. A prospective study showed that the difference in expenditures can reach $31.17 patients/day between prophylactics and those with nosocomial infections. Studies have shown that the increase in costs is related to the increase in the length of stay. Mortality and admission to the ICU also increased. Further studies with high levels of evidence are recommended.

scholarly journals Differences in Total Score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale between Bataknese and Javanese Men with Schizophrenia Receiving Risperidone Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 2292-2297
Author(s):  
Manahap Verarius F. Pardosi ◽  
Bahagia Loebis ◽  
Muhammad Surya Husada ◽  
Nazli M. Nasution ◽  
Elmeida Effendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Difference Score ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a psychopathological syndrome clinic involving cognition, emotion, perception and other aspects from the individual which interferences. This interference is normally started before age 25, and it can affect all social classes. AIM: To find out the difference in total positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores in schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who have received treatment with risperidone. METHODS: This study is a prospective study. This study used numeric comparative analytic two unpaired groups to observe the differences of PANSS score of the man with schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who had received risperidone treatment. RESULTS: Our study found that the average score of PANSS for Bataknese was 49.76 ± 12.65 and Javanese was 42.43 ± 9.05. CONCLUSION: There was a difference score of PANSS for the man with schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who had received risperidone treatment for 6 weeks (p = 0.037).

Hospital Variability in Emergency Department Length of Stay for Adult Patients Receiving Psychiatric Consultation: A Prospective Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Chang ◽  
Anthony P. Weiss ◽  
Endel John Orav ◽  
Jennifer A. Jones ◽  
Christine T. Finn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
A Prospective Study

Is Incisura Fibularis a Reliable Landmark for Assessing Syndesmotic Stability? A Systematic Review of Morphometric Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akilesh Anand Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anatomical Landmark ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Incisura fibularis (IF) is an important landmark in assessing syndesmotic stability radiologically postinjury. The purpose of this review was to explore the anatomy and morphometrics of this widely used anatomical landmark and to further the understanding of the same. A systematic review was conducted online using PubMed and Google Scholar, per PRISMA guidelines. Predefined eligibility criteria were applied, and the data thus compiled were analyzed. Wide variability in morphometrics and, thus, anatomy of IF were observed in the present review, which was influenced by gender. There was no side-to-side variability seen in this study. The study stresses the need to consider the anatomical and gender-based variability while assessing syndesmotic stability and further supports the recommendation of side-to-side comparison. Levels of Evidence: Anatomical, Level V

scholarly journals Opportunistic Screening for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Ghana: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 909-909
Author(s):  
Anna Ssentongo ◽  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Laura Keeney ◽  
Arkorful Ebenezer ◽  
Forster Amponsah-Manu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis and liver transplant in the United States. It is associated with increased length of stay and poor surgical outcomes. NAFLD affects approximately 30% of American adults, and even more Africans. However reported rates of NAFLD in African countries vary widely, where recent studies have shown that up to 50–87% Africans are could be living with NAFLD. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in Ghana and to assess whether NAFLD is associated with increased length of stay and surgical complications. Methods A prospective study on 96 surgical patients aged 18 and older, without a history of alcohol abuse or liver disease, who presented at Eastern Reginal Hospital in Ghana for elective general and gynecological procedures between September and December 2018. A single, expert radiologist screened all patients for NAFLD using an abdominal ultrasound machine. NAFLD was diagnosed in conjunction with the American Association for the study of liver disease guidelines, assessing for increased hepatic echogenicity compared to the spleen and kidneys. Patients were followed up for 30 days and information was collected on length of stay and surgical site occurrences (SSO). Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed using SAS 9.4. Results Of 97 patients, mean age 46 ± 14 years, mean BMI 26.9 ± 7.7, and 40 (42%) Male, the mean length of stay was 2.7 days ± 2.7 days. Eighteen (19%) patients had a length of stay ≥ 5 days and 9 (9%) developed a SSO. Ultrasonography revealed that 54 (56%) of patients had NAFLD, of which 15 (28%) patients had moderate disease (25–50% of liver), and 39 (72%) had mild (5–25%) disease. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and BMI were not associated with NAFLD. NAFLD and sex were independent predictors of an increased length of stay ≥ 5 days, where patients with NAFLD were 5x as likely to have an extended length of stay, but not SSO compared to those without NAFLD (OR: 4.8 95% CI 1.1–18.5). Conclusions Ghana has almost twice the prevalence of NAFLD compared to the United States, suggesting that NAFLD is very common in Africa. It is associated with delayed surgical recovery leading to more than twice the average length of stay. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Epistaxis as a marker for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 status – a prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Hussain ◽  
M Mair ◽  
P Rea
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection in patients presenting with epistaxis to a tertiary otolaryngology unit.MethodsA prospective study was conducted of 40 consecutive patients presenting with epistaxis referred to our tertiary otolaryngology unit. A group of 40 age-matched controls were also included. All patients underwent real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Symptoms of fever, cough and anosmia were noted in the study group.ResultsThe mean age was 66.5 ± 22.4 years in the study group. There were 22 males (55 per cent) and 18 females (45 per cent). The mean age in the control group was 66.3 ± 22.4 years (p = 0.935). There were six positive cases for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (15 per cent) in the epistaxis group and one case (2.5 per cent) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.05).ConclusionEpistaxis may represent a presenting symptom of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. This may serve as a useful additional criterion for screening patients.

scholarly journals Involvement of Workers in Closed and Semiclosed Institutions in Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Due to Norovirus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Ignacio Parrón ◽  
Irene Barrabeig ◽  
Miquel Alseda ◽  
Thais Cornejo-Sánchez ◽  
Susana Guix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Occupational Category ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Mean Cycle

Norovirus outbreaks frequently occur in closed or semiclosed institutions. Recent studies in Catalonia and various countries indicate that, during outbreaks in these institutions, norovirus is detected in between 23% and 60% of workers, and the prevalence of infection in asymptomatic workers involved in outbreaks ranges from 17% to 40%. In this work, we carried out a prospective study to investigate the involvement of workers in closed and semiclosed institutions during outbreaks. The attack rates (ARs) and the rate ratios (RRs) were calculated according to the type of transmission and occupational category. The RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between workers and users were calculated. The mean cycle of quantification (Cq) values were compared according to the genogroup and the presence of symptoms. ARs were higher in person-to-person transmission than in common vehicle outbreaks, and 38.8% of workers were symptomatic. The RR between workers and users was 0.46 (95% CI 0.41–0.52). The ARs in workers were high, particularly in workers with closer contact with users. The mean Cq was lower in patients than in asymptomatic infected persons, although the difference was only significant for genogroup I (GI). The frequency of asymptomatic infected persons suggests that personal hygiene measures should be followed by all workers in the centers affected.

The acquisition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in village doctors in China: a prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
X. Cao ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
H. Xin ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Village Doctors ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure-related risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been reported for village doctors in China. This prospective study aims to estimate the infection acquisition in this key population.METHODS: At baseline, all village doctors registered in Zhongmu County were tested by QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) in parallel. Those negatives for either of the tests were retested to identify conversions at the 2-year follow-up investigation.RESULTS: A total of 367 eligible participants completed the 2-year follow-up survey with frequency of conversion of 5.0% (18/361) for QFT and 6.1% (21/343) for QFT-Plus. The agreement of follow-up results between the tests was 93.2% with a κ coefficient of 0.43 (95%CI 0.20–0.65). Among QFT-Plus convertors, the difference between TB1 and TB2 tubes (TB2-TB1) was significantly increased as compared with baseline results (P = 0.039). Participants from the villages with occurrence of microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB showed higher frequency of QFT conversions (11.0% vs. 3.2%, P = 0.011) and QFT-Plus conversions (12.3% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.027) than those from the villages without occurrence.CONCLUSION: Our results consistently suggest that capability on occupational protection and M. tuberculosis infection control should be improved in village doctors in China.

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