AN EVALUATION APPROACH FOR ELIMINATING THE FAILURE EFFECT IN GAS TURBINE USING FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Balin ◽  
H Demirel ◽  
F Alarçin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Pneumatic Equipment

This paper demonstrated the fuzzy AHP combined with fuzzy VIKOR technique integrated with essentials of weight in order to overcome the risk evaluation process of the uncertainty in subjective perception and experience of human. Gas turbine has considerably expanded its role in several areas subsequent to the improvement in high efficiency and clean energy such as aviation and marine propulsion systems, electric power stations, and natural gas and petroleum transportation. However, the cost of various industrial plants and their relevant maintenance appear to be extremely expensive to be operated by these gas turbines. This paper aimed to cope with the essential elements of gas turbine including hydraulic-pneumatic equipment, electronic control equipment, and bearing equipment. The results have proved the bearing equipment to have been the most effected alternative, as being ensued by hydraulic-pneumatic equipment and electronic control equipment.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Donald Anson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet his goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.

Research and Development of Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Abe ◽  
Takashi Sugiura ◽  
Shuji Okunaga ◽  
Katsuhiro Nojima ◽  
Yasukata Tsutsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Resistance To Heat

This paper presents an overview of a development project involving industrial cogeneration technology using 8,000-kW class hybrid gas turbines in which both metal and ceramics are used in parts subject to high temperatures in order to achieve high efficiency and low pollution. The development of hybrid gas turbines focuses mainly on the earlier commercialization of the turbine system. Stationary parts such as combustor liners, transition ducts, and first-stage turbine nozzles (stationary blades) are expected to be fabricated from ceramics. The project aims at developing material for these ceramic parts that will have a superior resistance to heat and oxidation. The project also aims at designing and prototyping a hybrid gas turbine system to analyze the operation in order to improve the performance. Furthermore, the prototyped hybrid gas turbine system will be tested for long-term operation (4,000 hours) to verify that the system can withstand commercialization. Studies will be conducted to ensure that the system’s soundness and reliability are sufficient for industrial cogeneration applications.

Repair of Advanced Gas Turbine Blades

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Brigitte Heinecke ◽  
Michael Ott ◽  
Rolf Wilkenhoener
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Advanced Technologies

The availability and reliability of gas turbine units are critical for success to gas turbine users. Advanced hot gas path components that are used in state-of-the-art gas turbines have to ensure high efficiency, but require advanced technologies for assessment during maintenance inspections in order to decide whether they should be reused or replaced. Furthermore, advanced repair and refurbishment technologies are vital due to the complex nature of such components (e.g., Directionally Solidified (DS) / Single Crystal (SC) materials, thin wall components, new cooling techniques). Advanced repair technologies are essential to allow cost effective refurbishing while maintaining high reliability, to ensure minimum life cycle cost. This paper will discuss some aspects of Siemens development and implementation of advanced technologies for repair and refurbishment. In particular, the following technologies used by Siemens will be addressed: • Weld restoration; • Braze restoration processes; • Coating; • Re-opening of cooling holes.

Gas Turbine Exhaust Expansion Joints, Diverter and Damper Designs for the New Generation of Higher Temperature, High Efficiency Gas Turbines

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Bachmann ◽  
W. Fred Koch
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The purpose of this paper is to update the industry on the evolutionary steps that have been taken to address higher requirements imposed on the new generation combined cycle gas turbine exhaust ducting expansion joints, diverter and damper systems. Since the more challenging applications are in the larger systems, we shall concentrate on sizes from nine (9) square meters up to forty (40) square meters in ducting cross sections. (Reference: General Electric Frame 5 through Frame 9 sizes.) Severe problems encountered in gas turbine applications for the subject equipment are mostly traceable to stress buckling caused by differential expansion of components, improper insulation, unsuitable or incompatible mechanical design of features, components or materials, or poor workmanship. Conventional power plant expansion joints or dampers are designed for entirely different operating conditions and should not be applied in gas turbine applications. The sharp transients during gas turbine start-up as well as the very high temperature and high mass-flow operation conditions require specific designs for gas turbine application.

Repair of Advanced Gas Turbine Blades

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McGraw ◽  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Christian Ba¨hr ◽  
Mary Chiozza
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Hot Gas

In order to promote high efficiency combined with high power output, reliability, and availability, Siemens advanced gas turbines are equipped with state-of-the-art turbine blades and hot gas path parts. These parts embody the latest developments in base materials (single crystal and directionally solidified), as well as complex cooling arrangements (round and shaped holes) and coating systems. A modern gas turbine blade (or other hot gas path part) is a duplex component consisting of base material and coating system. Planned recoating and repair intervals are established as part of the blade design. Advanced repair technologies are essential to allow cost-effective refurbishing while maintaining high reliability. This paper gives an overview of the operating experience and key technologies used to repair these parts.

Comparison of Externally Fired and Internal Combustion Gas Turbines Using Biomass Fuel

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro B. Ferreira ◽  
Pericles Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Main Components

There is a difference of opinion regarding the relative merits of gas turbines using biomass fuels. Some engineers believe that the internal combustion gas turbine coupled to a gasifier will give a higher efficiency than the externally fired gas turbine using pretreated biomass that is not gasified. Others believe the opposite. In this paper, a comparison between these schemes is made, within the framework of the Brazilian perspective. The exergetic analysis of four cycles is described. The first cycle is externally fired (EFGT), the second uses gasified biomass as fuel (BIG/GT), each of them with a combined cycle as a variant (EFGT/CC and BIG/GTCC). These four are then compared to the natural gas turbine cycles (NGT and NGT/CC) in order to evaluate the thermodynamic cost of using biomass. The comparison is carried out in terms of thermal efficiency and in terms of exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction in the main components. The present analysis shows that the EFGT is quite promising. When compared to the NGT cycle, the EFGT gas turbine shows poor efficiency, though this parameter practically equals that of the BIG/GT cycle. The use of a bottoming steam cycle changes the figures, and the EFGT/CC—due to its higher exhaust temperature—results in high efficiency compared to the BIG/GTCC. Its lower initial and maintenance cost may be an important attraction.

Numerical Simulation for the Preliminary Design of Fuel Flexible Stationary Gas Turbine Combustors Using Conventional and Alternative Fuels

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington Orlando Irrazabal Bohorquez ◽  
João Roberto Barbosa ◽  
Rob Johan Maria Bastiaans ◽  
Philip de Goey
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Primary Zone

Currently, high efficiency and low emissions are most important requisites for the design of modern gas turbines due to the strong environmental restrictions around the world. In the past years, alternative fuels have been considered for application in industrial gas turbines. Therefore, combustor performance, pollutant emissions and the ability to burn several fuels became of much concern and high priority has been given to the combustor design. This paper describes a methodology focused on the design of stationary gas turbines combustion chambers with the ability to efficiently burn conventional and alternative fuels. A simplified methodology is used for the calculations of the equilibrium temperature and chemical species in the primary zone of a gas turbine combustor. Direct fuel injection and diffusion flames, together with numerical methods like Newton-Raphson, LU Factorization and Lagrange Polynomials, are used for the calculations. Diesel, ethanol and methanol fuels were chosen for the numerical study. A computer code sequentially calculates the main geometry of the combustor. From the numerical simulation it is concluded that the basic gas turbine combustor geometry, for some operating conditions and burning diesel, ethanol or methanol, are of similar sizes, because the development of aerodynamic characteristics predominate over the thermochemical properties. It is worth to note that the type of fuel has a marked effect on the stability and combustion advancement in the combustor. This can be seen when the primary zone is analyzed under a steady-state operating condition. At full power, the pressure is 1.8 MPa and the temperature 1,000 K at the combustor inlet. Then, the equivalence ratios in the primary zone are 1.3933 (diesel), 1.4352 (ethanol) and 1.3977 (methanol) and the equilibrium temperatures for the same operating conditions are 2,809 K (diesel), 2,754 K (ethanol) and 2,702 K (methanol). This means that the combustor can reach similar flame stability conditions, whereas the combustion efficiency will require richer fuel/air mixtures of ethanol or methanol are burnt instead of diesel. Another important result from the numerical study is that the concentration of the main pollutants (CO, CO2, NO, NO2) is reduced when ethanol or methanol are burnt, in place of diesel.

The Evolution of Marine Gas Turbine Controls

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sylvestre ◽  
R. J. Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Control Module ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Current State ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
And Control

The background and evolution of gas turbine fuel controls is examined in this paper from a Naval perspective. The initial application of aeroderivative gas turbines to Navy ships utilized the engine’s existing aircraft fuel controls, which were coupled to the ship’s hydropneumatic machinery control system. These engines were adapted to Naval requirements by including engine specific functions. The evolution of Naval gas turbine controllers first to analog electronic, and more recently, to distributed digital controls, has increased the system complexity and added a number of levels of machinery protection. The design of a specific electronic control module is used to illustrate the current state of the technology. The paper concludes with a discussion of the further need to address the issues of fuel handling, metering and control in Navy ships with particular emphasis on integration in the marine environment.

First Experiments on an Evaporative Gas Turbine Pilot Power Plant: Water Circuit Chemistry and Humidification Evaluation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas D. Ågren ◽  
Mats O. Westermark ◽  
Michael A. Bartlett ◽  
Torbjörn Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Current Contact ◽  
Alkali Compounds ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
Institute Of Technology

The evaporative gas turbine (EvGT), also known as the humid air turbine (HAT) cycle, is a novel advanced gas turbine cycle that has attracted considerable interest for the last decade. This high efficiency cycle shows the potential to be competitive with Diesel engines or combined cycles in small and intermediate scale plants for power production — and/or cogeneration. A 0.6 MW natural gas fired EvGT pilot plant has been constructed by a Swedish national research group in cooperation between universities and industry. The plant is located at the Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. The pilot plant uses a humidification tower with metallic packing in which heated water from the flue gas economizer is brought into direct counter current contact with the pressurized air from the compressor. This gives an efficient heat recovery and thereby a thermodynamically sound cycle. As the hot sections in high temperature gas turbines are sensitive to particles and alkali compounds, water quality issues need to be carefully considered. As such, apart from evaluating the thermodynamic and part load performance characteristics of the plant, and verifying the operation of the high pressure humidifier, much attention is focused on the water chemistry issues associated with the recovery and reuse of condensate water from the flue gas. A water treatment system has been designed and integrated into the pilot plant. This paper presents the first water quality results from the plant. The experimental results show that the condensate contains low levels of alkali and calcium, around 2 mg/l Σ(K,Na,Ca), probably originating from the unfiltered compressor intake. About 14 mg/l NO2− + NO3− comes from condensate absorption of flue gas NOx. Some Cu is noted, 16 mg/l, which originates from copper corrosion of the condenser tubes. After CO2-stripping, condensate filtration and a mixed bed ion exchanger, the condensate is of suitable quality for reuse as humidification water. The need for large quantities of demineralized water has by many authors been identified as a drawback for the evaporative cycle. However, by cooling the humid flue gas, the recovery of condensed water cuts the need of water feed. A self supporting water circuit can be achieved, with no need for any net addition of water to the system. In the pilot plant, this was achieved by cooling the flue gas to around 35°C.

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