Auswirkung der letzten Gesetzesänderungen auf Energiepreise für Haushalte in Polen

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-544
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jaś-Nowopolska
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Energy Regulatory ◽  
State Fund

The liberalization of the electricity market, in terms of creating a guarantee of free choice of energy supplier for the consumer, requires public authorities to intervene in the prices of energy transmission and distribution services. However, the question is how much intervention is necessary and in what situations it can occur. This article looks at the regulation of household electricity prices in Poland (tariff setting) and then, by presenting the legislative changes in 2018 and 2019, shows how much state intervention in the Polish electricity market has come to pass since then, in particular, intervention in the setting of energy prices. The article assesses these measures and analyses the provisions of the Act on the compensation of energy companies by a state fund in relation to state aid issues. It also attempts to answer the question of whether the intervention was necessary or whether the President of the Energy Regulatory Office, within the scope of his powers, could have prevented the effects of a sudden increase in energy prices for households. The article also raises the question of the future of energy prices and raises questions about market disturbances.

scholarly journals Electricity Markets during the Liberalization: The Case of a European Union Country

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4317
Author(s):  
Štefan Bojnec ◽  
Alan Križaj
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Electricity Power

This paper analyzes electricity markets in Slovenia during the specific period of market deregulation and price liberalization. The drivers of electricity prices and electricity consumption are investigated. The Slovenian electricity markets are analyzed in relation with the European Energy Exchange (EEX) market. Associations between electricity prices on the one hand, and primary energy prices, variation in air temperature, daily maximum electricity power, and cross-border grid prices on the other hand, are analyzed separately for industrial and household consumers. Monthly data are used in a regression analysis during the period of Slovenia’s electricity market deregulation and price liberalization. Empirical results show that electricity prices achieved in the EEX market were significantly associated with primary energy prices. In Slovenia, the prices for daily maximum electricity power were significantly associated with electricity prices achieved on the EEX market. The increases in electricity prices for households, however, cannot be explained with developments in electricity prices on the EEX market. As the period analyzed is the stage of market deregulation and price liberalization, this can have important policy implications for the countries that still have regulated and monopolized electricity markets. Opening the electricity markets is expected to increase competition and reduce pressures for electricity price increases. However, the experiences and lessons learned among the countries following market deregulation and price liberalization are mixed. For industry, electricity prices affect cost competitiveness, while for households, electricity prices, through expenses, affect their welfare. A competitive and efficient electricity market should balance between suppliers’ and consumers’ market interests. With greening the energy markets and the development of the CO2 emission trading market, it is also important to encourage use of renewable energy sources.

Delivering fuel poverty objectives within the context of globalised energy markets

2017 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Carolyn Snell
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Energy Companies

This chapter explores claims made by policy makers in the UK that, despite having no control over global energy markets, existing policy protects households vulnerable to fuel poverty through the regulation of commercial energy suppliers and specific policies that provide cash transfers and energy-efficiency measures. Keeping energy prices low is an essential part of the UK government's approach to fuel poverty alleviation, but this task is a complex one in which the steering capacity of the nation-state often seems weak and its capacity hollowed out. This is exacerbated by a neoliberal policy direction that funds environmental and social policy measures through charges on energy bills rather than through tax-funded programmes. The chapter then argues that existing policy has been somewhat contradictory in its view of the government's power to steer energy markets. While the Department for Energy and Climate Change suggested that the UK has no control over the global energy market, this does not match political rhetoric, which has emphasised the importance of increasing domestic energy security in order to spread risk and reduce dependence on politically unstable fossil fuel-producing states, and has also seen political pressure placed on the six main energy companies to lower energy charges to consumers.

Public Energy Companies Under the EC Treaty: An Overview of Law and Policy

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61
Author(s):  
Anna Papaioannou ◽  
P.J. Slot
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Business Organisation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
General Economic Interest ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Case Basis

This article examines state intervention in the energy sector under the EC Treaty. The analysis focuses upon Articles 37, on state trading monopolies, and 90, on public undertakings, the conferment of exclusive rights and undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest. All these forms of business organisation are very common in the energy sector. The Commission's wish to introduce more competition in the public utilities sector is well served by the application of the Treaty rules on a case-to-case basis. Secondarily, legislation has also been adopted for the energy sector pursuant to Article 100A EC. There is considerable public debate on new proposals for directives which aim at further liberalisation in the energy market.

scholarly journals Forecasting Electricity Prices: A Machine Learning Approach

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Mauro Castelli ◽  
Aleš Groznik ◽  
Aleš Popovič
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Electricity Price Forecasting

The electricity market is a complex, evolutionary, and dynamic environment. Forecasting electricity prices is an important issue for all electricity market participants. In this study, we shed light on how to improve electricity price forecasting accuracy through the use of a machine learning technique—namely, a novel genetic programming approach. Drawing on empirical data from the largest EU energy markets, we propose a forecasting model that considers variables related to weather conditions, oil prices, and CO2 coupons and predicts energy prices 24 h ahead. We show that the proposed model provides more accurate predictions of future electricity prices than existing prediction methods. Our important findings will assist the electricity market participants in forecasting future price movements.

scholarly journals Surviving the Energy Transition: Development of a Proposal for Evaluating Sustainable Business Models for Incumbents in Germany’s Electricity Market

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Wagner ◽  
Thomas Adisorn ◽  
Lena Tholen ◽  
Dagmar Kiyar
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
New Business ◽  
Sustainable Business Models ◽  
Energy Companies

In the light of Germany’s chosen path towards the energy transition, the regulatory framework has changed considerably. New players have succeeded in entering the market, and renewable energies have become increasingly competitive. Greater electrification of the transport and heating sectors will be needed in the future to achieve national climate targets. Against this background, Germany’s big energy companies need to be sure that their sales will increase. However, they were unable to anticipate this development, and made strategic mistakes in the past. The development of sustainable business models in line with the energy transition failed to materialize. Now it is becoming increasingly clear that companies must create new business models to survive in the long term. These business models have to keep with the tradition, whilst meeting the needs of low-carbon power supplies. In this paper, we will examine the past and future challenges of the four energy companies and develop a proposal for evaluating sustainable business models. For this purpose, we use the multi-level perspective to categorize developments in the electricity market over the last 50 years, and then apply a multi-criteria analysis to derive five suitable business models from the results.

DEMOCRATIC ETATISM AS A WAY OF ORGANIZATION OF STATE POWER: MAIN FEATURES

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Дорофеев ◽  
Arkadiy Dorofeev
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Public Life ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
State Control ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Emerging Democracy ◽  
Political Decision Making

The article analyzes the processes of etatization of public authorities in countries with emerging democracy. The author has the view that there is a democratic type of etatism in political practice of modern democratic countries. The author concludes that the presence of etatistic tendencies in the form of increased state control of the process of political decision-making, government regulation of the unit of social and economic relations, etc. is not contrary to the democratic vector of social development; but the synthesis of declared democratic values and etatistic realities allows to select the type of democratic etatization as one of the varieties of modern etatism. The main criterion for distinction of democratic etatism from other varieties, according to the author, is existence of constitutionally set principles of democracy, as well as actual extent of state intervention in public life.

Risk indicators for managing the energy procurement process

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-242
Author(s):  
Chiara Verbano ◽  
Maria Crema
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
High Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Energy Companies

Purpose – Energy commodities are characterised by rigid demand and high price volatility, linked to many variables such as climate factors, exchange rates, availability of resources. At the same time, the authorities often set prices, so wholesale energy companies need to create margins carefully by managing the procurement process and selecting appropriate tools to manage the risks associated with the volatility of energy prices. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and evaluate price and volume risks in the energy procurement process considering a “non-speculative” point of view, which is understudied in the literature review. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a quantitative approach to risk evaluation, based on accounting indicators, and applies it to a large Italian energy wholesale company. Findings – A set of key risk indicators to measure price and volume risks is presented in the results, split into synthesis risk, unbalanced risks, modulation risks and risks derived from bilateral contracts. These indicators are applied to the case study, and each risk is prioritised and discussed. Originality/value – This contribution is one of the first attempts to analyse energy procurement risks in a non-speculative approach. The proposed method allows: first, to evaluate and prioritise the three major types in the energy procurement process, second, to observe the trend of risk exposure, third, the performance measurement of the procurement process, and fourth, benchmarking activities if widely implemented in the energy sector.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of Territorial Defense of Ukraine and the Place of Administrative Legislation in it

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Anatolii Anatoliiovych Rusetskyi ◽  
Serhii Mykolaiovych Lelet ◽  
Vladyslav Oleksiiovych Dopilka ◽  
Nelli Yuriivna Tsybulnyk
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Defense Policy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
Legislative Changes

The purpose of this article is to study the specifics and characteristics of administrative and legal regulation of the territorial defense system of Ukraine, as well as to find the optimal model of legislative changes in the field. While writing the article the following methods were used: dialectical, logical-semantic, comparative-legal, analysis and synthesis. The issues of administrative and legal regulation of territorial defense of Ukraine, as well as the peculiarities of its legislative support are considered in the article. The author's definition of the concepts "territorial defense of Ukraine" and "administrative and legal regulation" is formed and provided with the help of the analysis of scientific views. In accordance with the subject of the article, the characteristics of the practical implementation of defense policy by special public authorities, as well as the implementation of measures of administrative and legal regulation in relation to the implementation of defense measures are defined. Proposals to improve certain procedures for the introduction and implementation of professional activities of defense policy entities and control over it are provided, as well as the importance of effective administrative and legal support of their daily lives in the course of their duties is stressed. It is proposed to amend the relevant legislation in order to improve the quality of effective activities of domestic defense structures, improve the system of motivational and incentive methods that can be used to defend the Ukrainian border and domestic administrative-territorial units.Key words: administrative and legal regulation, territorial defense, legislative support, state bodies, combat units, norms of law, international cooperation.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Electricity Demand Profiles: A Case Study of Selected Business Clients in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Malec ◽  
Grzegorz Kinelski ◽  
Marzena Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Sales Company ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in electricity demand and, consequently, electricity consumption profiles. Given the rapid changes in energy prices, it is significant from the perspective of energy companies, and forecasting consumed energy volume. A necessity for accurate energy volume planning forces the need for analyzing consumers’ behaviors during the pandemic, especially under lockdowns, to prepare for the possibility of another pandemic wave. Many business clients analyzed in the paper are economic entities functioning in sectors under restrictions. That is why analyzing the pandemic’s impact on the change in energy consumption profiles and volume of these entities is particularly meaningful. The article analyzes the pandemic and restrictions’ impact on the total change of energy consumption volume and demand profiles. The analysis was conducted basing on data collected from a Polish energy trading and sales company. It focused on the energy consumption of its corporate clients. Analyzed data included aggregated energy consumption volumes for all company’s customers and key groups of economic entities under restrictions. The analysis demonstrates the influence of pandemic restrictions on energy consumption in the group of business clients. Significant differences are observable among various sectors of the economy. The research proves that the largest drops in energy consumption are related to shopping centers and offices. Altogether, the restrictions have caused a 15–23% energy consumption drop during the first lockdown and a maximum 11% during the second against expected values.

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