Die Effektivität parlamentarischer Opposition. Überlegungen de lege lata et ferenda unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Urteils des Bundesverfassungsgerichts vom 3 . Mai 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-468
Author(s):  
David Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
German Bundestag ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Norm Control ◽  
Basic Order

Although the right to form and exercise parliamentary opposition has always been recognized as an essential part of the free democratic basic order, there is widespread disagreement within jurisprudence about the specific status of oppositional actors in the German Bundestag . The ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court of May 3, 2016 has provided little clarity in this respect . While the court rightly recognizes the principle of effective opposition, many issues remain unclear, particularly with regard to the constitutional derivation on the one hand and the practical consequences of the principle on the other . This contribution attempts to answer these questions and finally pleads for an opposition-sensitive design of the instruments of parliamentary committees of inquiry and abstract norm control in order to ensure the effectiveness of parliamentary opposition also by formal law .

A Chamber of the Federal Constitutional Court Endorses Private Dentists' Information Service and Directory Within the Framework of the Right to Occupational Freedom

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Hestermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Information Service ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Medical Professions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fundamental Values

The Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) has repeatedly had to deal with regulation of the medical professions. (1) The frequency of decisions in this area result from the clash between two fundamental values: One is the constitutionally recognized “occupational freedom” (Art. 12 I GG), the other is the health of the population, which justifies the numerous regulations for the medical professions. (2) A recent decision of the Second (Three-Judge) Chamber of the First Senate of the Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG 1 BvR 881/00 — decided on October 18, 2001) is a further instance of this conflict.

scholarly journals Cannabis policy reform in Germany: Political and constitutional discourses on decriminalisation and regulation strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Stefanie Kemme ◽  
Kristin Pfeffer ◽  
Luise Von Rodbertus
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The One ◽  
Cannabis Policy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Law Professors ◽  
Insight Into

  There is relentless discussion in Germany about the right manner to deal with cannabis and its users. In 1994 and 2004, the Federal Constitutional Court reaffirmed the legal appropriateness of prohibition. However, since then, studies and data about the dangers and effects of cannabis use have quieted alarm, and Europe, alongside the once-prohibitive United States, has had its initial experiences with liberalised use of cannabis. Since the founding of the Schildower Kreis, a network of experts from science and practice, 122 German criminal law professors have petitioned the Bundestag for an Enquête Commission. The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to provide insight into German narcotics law. On the other hand, the political arguments for sticking to prohibition are contrasted with the numerous empirical findings that are now available. The results of the empirical studies now challenge the Federal Constitutional Court and the legislature to review their previous course and possibly break new ground in drug policy. The basis of the Federal Constitutional Court’s decisions no longer exists. The Narcotics Act and constitutional discourse on cannabis prohibition need to be reviewed, as do political arguments about resources and high costs. Indications of a paradigm shift in drug policy, as required by the Global Commission on Drug Policy, are hesitantly appearing in Germany.

scholarly journals La competencia estatal en materia de becas y ayudas al estudio: fundamento y alcance // State competence on student grants: basis and scope

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (102) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
José Canal Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Resumen:Las becas y ayudas al estudio vienen siendo calificadas en el ordenamiento español como subvenciones públicas. Este trabajo sostiene que sería más adecuado con nuestro marco constitucional otorgarles la consideración de prestaciones públicas, financiadas con cargo a los Presupuestos Generalesdel Estado. La revisión de la naturaleza jurídica de las becas y ayudas al  estudio tendría relevantes consecuencias: por un lado, recomendaría que el Legislador definiese el contenido del derecho a obtener estas prestaciones públicas, de forma similar a otros ámbitos de la actuación administrativa. Por otra parte, permitiría fundamentar la revisión de la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el reparto de las competencias entre el Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas en esta materia, a partir de la invocación de la regla 1.ª del artículo 149.1 CE.Summary:1. Public funding of education. 2. The right to obtain grants. 2.1. Constitutional  or legal nature of the right. 2.2. Content and constitutional limits of the right. 3. The student grants system. 3.1. Concept, characteristics of student grants. 3.2. Nature of student grants. 4. The territorial distribution of competences related to grants. 4.1. Regulatory power. 4.2. Executive powers. 5. A possible revision of basis and scope of competence. 5.1. Grants as public service. 5.2. The rule 1 of article 149.1 of the Constitution. 6. Conclusions.Abstract:Scholarships are classified in the Spanish legal system as public subsidies. This paper argues that it would be more appropriate with our constitutional framework to confer them the consideration of public benefits, financed by Publics Budgets. The review of the legal nature of student grants would have important consequences: on the one hand, Law should rule the content of the right to obtain these public benefits, in a similar way to other areas of Administration. On the other hand, the Constitutional Court may review its position on the distribution of the competences between the State and the Autonomous Regions, by calling the rule 1 of article 149.1 of the Constitution.

scholarly journals SOME PROBLEMS OF ENSURING THE PROTECTION OF ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS OF RUSSIA AND BELARUS

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
E.V. Ezhova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the basic guarantees of protection of attorney-client confidentiality in criminal proceedings. A comparative analysis of the legislative norms of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus regulating the legal regime of attorney-client confidentiality is carried out. The article presents the legal positions of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the issue under consideration, which contributed to the amendments to the criminal procedure law of Russia aimed at providing additional guarantees for the protection of attorney-client confidentiality. The author concludes that the practice of application of the rules containing guarantees of protection of attorney-client confidentiality testifies, on the one hand, to the need to strengthen the protection of citizens' rights to ensure the confidentiality of information provided to the lawyer, and, on the other hand, to the importance of preventing abuse of the right to protection by lawyers and their clients

scholarly journals Redesign Of Constitutional Mechanism For The Dissolution Of Political Parties: Comparative Study Of Indonesia and Germany (Redesain Mekanisme Konstitusional Pembubaran Partai Politik: Kajian Perbandingan Indonesia dan Jerman)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Oly Viana Agustine
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
German Constitutional Court ◽  
Clear And Present Danger ◽  
The Right ◽  
Basic Order

Dissolution of political parties is an authority that is monopolized by the Indonesian Constitutional Court and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. In contrast to the dissolution of associations, political parties have an important role in determining government policies that require specifically in the constitution. The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany has until now received nine requests for the dissolution of a political party with five decisions, namely two dissolutions granted and three dismissal of a political party has been rejected. While the Indonesian Constitutional Court since its establishment has never examined the dissolution of political parties. Thus it becomes an important and interesting thing to uncover the problem of dissolution of political parties in Germany in order to find the right policy in Indonesia. Normative juridical research methods are used in this study with case studies and comparison approaches. The conclusion obtained is that the dissolution of political parties denied the right of association and assembly which is endorsed by the constitution. The German Constitutional Court has disbanded political parties proportionally by examining and deciding on the dissolution of political parties not only in text but also in the context which meet the criteria of ”clear and present danger” to the sovereignty of the German Federal Government and the free democratic basic order. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign the disruption of the dissolution of political parties in Indonesia with empirical sociological and psychological studies in order to meet the ”clear and present danger” criteria.AbstrakPembubaran partai politik merupakan kewenangan yang dimonopoli, baik oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia maupun Mahkamah Konstitusi Federal Jerman. Pembubaran partai politik berbeda dengan pembubaran organisasi lain, dikarenakan partai politik memiliki peran yang penting dalam penentuan kebijakan pemerintah yang pembatasannya perlu diatur khusus dalam konstitusi. Mahkamah Konstitusi Federal Jerman hingga saat ini telah menerima sembilan kali permohonan pembubaran partai politik dengan lima putusan yakni dua permohonan pembubaran dikabulkan dan tiga permohonan pembubaran partai politik ditolak. Sedangkan Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia sejak berdiri belum pernah memeriksa pembubaran partai politik. Dengan demikian, menjadi hal penting dan menarik untuk menganalisa mekanisme pembubaran partai politik di Jerman agar dapat ditemukan mekanisme yang tepat dalam pembubaran partai politik di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan perbandingan. Kesimpulan yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah pembubaran partai politik merupakan pembatasan hak berserikat dan berkumpul yang disahkan oleh konstitusi. Mahkamah Konstitusi Jerman telah melaksanakan pembubaran partai politik secara proporsional dengan memeriksa dan memutus pembubaran partai politik tidak hanya secara teks tetapi juga konteksnya yang memenuhi kriteria “clear and present danger” terhadap kedaulatan Pemerintah Federal Jerman dan tatanan demokrasi yang bebas. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan desain ulang mekanisme pembubaran partai politik di Indonesia dengan kajian sosiologis dan psikologis secara empiris agar memenuhi kriteria “clear and present danger”.

Challenges of Media Education Standards in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vekua
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The main goal of this research is to determine whether the journalism education of the leading media schools inGeorgia is adequate to modern media market’s demands and challenges. The right answer to this main questionwas found after analyzing Georgian media market’s demands, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, differentaspects of journalism education in Georgia: the historical background, development trends, evaluation ofeducational programs and curricula designs, reflection of international standards in teaching methods, studyingand working conditions.

The Taubman/Golandsky Approach to the Violin

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sophie Till
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Piano Technique ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Three years ago Sophie Till started working with pianist Edna Golandsky, the leading exponent of the Taubman Piano Technique, an internationally acclaimed approach that is well known to pianists, on the one hand, for allowing pianists to attain a phenomenal level of virtuosity and on the other, for solving very serious piano-related injuries. Till, a violinist, quickly realized that here was a unique technical approach that could not only identify and itemize the minute movements that underlie a virtuoso technique but could show how these movements interact and go into music making at the highest level. Furthermore, through the work of the Golandsky Institute, she saw a pedagogical approach that had been developed to a remarkable depth and level of clarity. It was an approach that had the power to communicate in a way she had never seen before, despite her own first class violin training from the earliest age. While the geography and “look” on the violin are different from the piano, the laws governing coordinate motion specifically in playing the instrument are the same for pianists and violinists. As a result of Till’s work translating the technique for violin, a new pedagogical approach for violinists of all ages is emerging; the Taubman/Golandsky Approach to the Violin. In reflecting on these new developments, Edna Golandsky wrote, “I have been working with the Taubman Approach for more than 30 years and have worked regularly with other instrumentalists. However, Sophie Till was the first violinist who asked me to teach her with the same depth that I do with pianists. With her conceptual and intellectual agility as well as complete dedication to helping others, she has been the perfect partner to translate this body of knowledge for violinists. Through this collaboration, Sophie is helping develop a new ‘language’ for violinist that will prevent future problems, solve present ones and start beginners on the right road to becoming the best they can be. The implications of this new work for violinists are enormous.”

scholarly journals MAPPING AND ENHANCING DESIGN STUDIES WITH PSI META-THEORETIC DESIGN FRAMEWORK

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2007-2016
Author(s):  
Yoram Reich ◽  
Eswaran Subrahmanian
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Abstraction Level ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Abstract Framework ◽  
Tools And Methods

AbstractDesign research as a field has been studied from diverse perspectives starting from product inception to their disposal. The product of these studies includes knowledge, tools, methods, processes, frameworks, approaches, and theories. The contexts of these studies are innumerable. The unit of these studies varies from individuals to organizations, using a variety of theoretical tools and methods that have fragmented the field, making it difficult to understand the map of this corpus of knowledge across this diversity.In this paper, we propose a model-based approach that on the one hand, does not delve into the details of the design object itself, but on the other hand, unifies the description of design problem at another abstraction level. The use of this abstract framework allows for describing and comparing underlying models of published design studies using the same language to place them in the right context in which design takes place and to enable to inter-relate them, to understand the wholes and the parts of design studies.Patterns of successful studies could be generated and used by researchers to improve the design of new studies, understand the outcome of existing studies, and plan follow-up studies.

Grotian Moments and Peremptory Norms of General International Law: Friendly Facilitators or Fatal Foes?

Grotiana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-353
Author(s):  
Dire Tladi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State Practice ◽  
The One ◽  
Jus Cogens ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peremptory Norms ◽  
Law Making

Abstract The concept of a Grotian moment remains rather obscure in international law. On the one hand, it can refer simply to an empirical fact which galvanises the ordinary law-making processes, whether treaty-making or State practice, resulting in major shifts in international law. On the other hand, a Grotian moment might be seen as an event so significant that it results in an extraordinary shift in international law without full adherence to the processes for law-making. The former understanding has little legal significance, while the latter, which would be legally significant, would be controversial and without legal basis. Against this background the article discusses the intersections between peremptory norms and Grotian Moments. It does this by looking at the intersection between the two concepts as well as the intersection between Grotian Moments, on the one hand and, on the other hand, particular jus cogens norms. With respect to the former, for example, the article will consider whether the high threshold of peremptory status facilitates and hinders Grotian moments. With respect to the latter, the article will consider particular norms that have been said to have shifted on account of the Grotian moments, namely the right to use of force in self-defence as well humanitarian intervention.

Probleme de interpretare privind constituționalitatea și capacitatea juridică a subdiviziunilor administrativ-teritoriale

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Vlad-Cristian SOARE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Revolution

"The fundamental transformations through the Romanian state passed since the Revolution of December 1989, have also put their mark on the legal system. For this reason, there have been major changes in the content of administrative law. However, the regulation of the territorial-administrative subdivisions survived the change of political regime, due to Law 2/1968. Moreover, regulations on administrative-territorial subdivisions are also found in Law 215/2001 and in the 1991 Constitution, revised in 2003. This has led to problems of interpretation. Thus, on the one hand, we need to identify who has the right to constitute administrative-territorial subdivisions, and on the other hand, it must be seen whether the answer to the first question, leads to a possible interpretation that would be unconstitutional. At the same time, administrative-territorial subdivisions have created problems of interpretation regarding their legal capacity. Through this article, we have proposed to look at the issues mentioned above."

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