Philosophiegeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Seubert
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Hermeneutic Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Philosophical Questions

This book provides an overall account of the history of philosophy in the 20th century from a clear philosophical perspective. It shows the new departure in philosophical thinking through Frege and Husserl: The validity of philosophical thinking emancipated itself from psychology and historicism through the dictum ‘To the things themselves!’. Phenomenological and hermeneutic philosophy has diverged greatly from language-analytical philosophy since Heidegger and Wittgenstein. This fascinating book shows, in contrast to the history of culture and science, the common basic questions of these two forms of philosophy despite all their differences, and attempts to address the great philosophical questions in a nuanced manner and to keep them open in a world of disenchantment (M. Weber).

Spiritual Crisis of the Beginning of the 20th Century: From Philosophical to Religious Interpretations

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Koltsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The One

The paper is an attempt to narrow down the notion of spiritual crisis which is now widely applied in research on history of culture of the 19th–20th centuries, with respect to history of German philosophy and observation of modern reli­giosity. The shift from the history of philosophy to the religious context is ful­filled through analysis of texts of two religious thinkers, A. Reinach and S. Frank, whose thought clearly demonstrates strong interconnection between the both fields. Analysis of contemporary studies on history of phenomenological philos­ophy (C. Möckel and W. Gleixner) lets firstly observe ways of application of Koselleck’s notion of crisis to investigations in the history of philosophy. Sec­ondly it discovers two possibilities of philosophical contextualization of the con­cept of spiritual crisis – on the one hand, as a constituent rhetorical element of the philosophical statement (Möckel), on the other hand, as a term which de­scribes the uniqueness of an intellectual situation of the beginning of the 20thcentury (Gleixner). Then these aspects of the rhetoric of crisis are applied to reli­gious philosophy of Reinach and Frank, what leads to interpretation of their works as a particular statement discovering the divine (or the holy) as a new cat­egory of religious consciousness.

scholarly journals Richard Rorty and the Expediency of History of Philosophy (Foreword to the Ukrainian translation of Richard Rorty’s article “The Historiography of Philosophy: Four Genres”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Ihor Karivets'
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Richard Rorty ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Rational Reconstruction ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Questions

For readers of the journal, we propose the first Ukrainian translation of the article "Historiography of Philosophy: Four Genres" by the American postmodernist philosopher Richard Rorty, in which he considers possible strategies of historic-philosophical researches and their role in the development of philosophical thinking. Richard Rorty claims that the main task of historic-philosophical researches is to constantly change the philosophical canon, not to allow it to catch in certain stereotypical views of well-known philosophers who are part of it, for instance, Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Hegel and others. Therefore, he accused doxography in the mummification of “famous philosophers” and neglect of those philosophers who worked on the border of philosophy, science, politics, economics, morality, medicine and even criminology. The involvement of such “non-philosophers”, as they are considered by historians-doxographers, in the philosophical canon expands the philosophical issues and stimulates the formulation of new philosophical questions, which are not on the agenda of the stiffened philosophical canon. Therefore, Richard Rorty rejects doxography as a genre of historic-philosophical researches, but instead of it proposed to use historical reconstruction, rational reconstruction and intellectual history as genres of historic-philosophical researches. Combining them, we will be able to see a vivid picture of the development of philosophy, not just certain canonical figures that cover another history of philosophy, which consists of research on the border of philosophy and other humanities, social sciences and natural sciences.

scholarly journals CHARACTER EDUCATION AS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF SCHOOLING FOR THE FUTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
McRobert Lewis ◽  
Veronica Ponzio
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
The Common

This analysis seeks to examine the history and development of moral/character education in America during the 20th century providing structure for the character education movement in today’s educational context. The common denominator and key to character education for the future is community. The concept of community connects the three aforementioned themes and provides a roadmap for better implementation of character education. Careful consideration is given to the interaction and contributions of the school and society in terms of promoting and developing character education. Though there is generous support from politicians, educators, and parents, character education is still somewhat mired by its lack of scope. This examination proposes that current character education proponents can find new frameworks for implementation by observing the history of character education.

scholarly journals Acts, Events, and Stories. On the History of Danto’s Compatibilist Narrativism

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-79
Author(s):  
Thomas Uebel
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
High Priest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arthur Danto

Abstract The response given to C.G. Hempel’s well-known challenge by Arthur Danto in his Analytical Philosophy of History of 1965 – that deductive-nomological and narrative explanations are logically compatible yet employ incommensurable schemata – is here investigated from a historical perspective. It is shown that the developmental trajectory that emerges from an analysis of Danto’s previous writings – including not only a forgotten paper of 1958 but also his PhD dissertation of 1952 – contains distinctive step-changes with publications of 1953 and 1956 still prior to that of 1958–59 which enabled his subsequent discovery of narrative sentences. It is also argued that Danto’s developmental trajectory runs contrary to that presumed by some prominent commentators. Analytical History of Philosophy was not the midpoint of his ascent from mainstream philosopher of science to high priest of postmodern aesthetics, but represents a reasoned retreat from his early historical idealism.

Jan Patočka’s Philosophical Legacy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
History Of

This chapter sketches the trajectory of Jan Patočka’s philosophical development against the background of the conflicts and crises that marked the history of the twentieth century, and which profoundly affected the Czech philosopher. The relevant period spans from the 1930s, when Patočka studied under Edmund Husserl in Freiburg, to the philosopher’s activities as a dissident in 1970s Czechoslovakia. Particular attention is paid to Patočka’s deep reading of the history of philosophy; the complexities of his appropriation of the phenomenological philosophies of Husserl and Heidegger; and the philosophy of history developed late in his career. The chapter ends with a consideration of Patočka’s influence on contemporary phenomenological philosophy, suggesting that his most promising contribution lies in his challenging engagement with the problem of Europe, above all his call for a post-European philosophical perspective.

scholarly journals “Zurück zu Kant”

DoisPontos ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Ariel González Porta
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Historical Root ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

A filosofia alemã do século XIX posterior a Hegel está bastante estudada em três direções. A primeira, que surge da luta entre hegelianos de esquerda e direita, acaba por conduzir ao materialismo e ao marxismo; a segunda, que se expressa na vertente irracionalista e anti-sistemática, passa por Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard e Nietzsche; a terceira é constituída pelo neo-kantismo e suas derivações, cuja versão oficial teria suas raízes fincadas pelo famoso discurso inaugural de Zeller e pelo livro de Otto Liebmann, que deram o impulso ao movimento “Zurück zu Kant”. Em tal visão de conjunto, o grande ausente é um movimento contínuo, ainda quando irregular e multifacetado, que terminará conduzindo à filosofia contemporânea. Este movimento tem em Trendelenburg uma figura chave. É com suas “Investigações Lógicas” que se inicia a reformulação das relações entre filosofia e ciência e, neste sentido, o verdadeiro retorno a Kant. O fato de sua obra principal ter exatamente o mesmo nome que a coleção de ensaios temáticos de Frege, a obra de ruptura de Husserl e as dissertações de doutorado de Cohen, Dilthey e Brentano significa algo mais que curiosas coincidências. “Zurück zu Kant” (Adolf Trendelenburg the overcoming of idealism and the roots of contemporary philosophy) Abstract Considering history of philosophy as a whole, the two main traditions of thought from the 20th century (analytic and phenomenological-hermeneutic) can be regarded as being variants of one same fundamental turn. This systematic relation is connected to a common historical root. To highlight it implies to review the ideas that are deeply in the basis of the historiography of the German thought in the 19th century. Beyond names, problems and theses that may appear to have at first sight no relationship whatsoever, we can notice a continuous unitary development that has not yet received all the attention it deserves. In this movement, Adolf Trendelenburg stands out, once the beginners of both the abovementioned traditions and of neokantianism (Frege, Brentano, Dilthey and Cohen) received a decisive impulse from his reflections.

The Aristotelian Theos in Hegel's Philosophy of Mind

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Ermylos Plevrakis
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vanishing Point ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Systematic Point

AbstractAlthough Hegel does not pass up the opportunity to express his deep admiration for specific aspects of the Aristotelian notion of God, he is not interested in giving a concrete account of its systematic significance for his Philosophy of Mind as a whole. In this article, I seek to take an overarching perspective on both the Aristotelian God and the Hegelian mind. By contrast to the common practice of focusing on Hegel's interpretation of Aristotle in his Lectures on the History of Philosophy, I first examine the Aristotelian text itself and then focus on Hegel's Encyclopaedia Philosophy of Mind, in order to explore the coincidence between the two conceptions from a systematic point of view. With regard to Aristotle, I argue that ‘God’ represents the conceptual vanishing point of his philosophy at which all philosophical sciences appear to converge. With regard to Hegel, I show that it is precisely such conceptual convergence of all philosophical sciences that constitutes both the starting and ending points of the Philosophy of Mind. The result is a novel meta-scientific and non-theistic conception of ‘God’ that provides the means not only to re-evaluate the systematic relation between Hegel and Aristotle but also to reconsider the character, content and aim of speculative philosophy in general.

scholarly journals The metaphysical standing of the human: A future for the history of the human sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Fuller
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Century Science

I reconstruct my own journey into the history of the human sciences, which I show to have been a process of discovering the metaphysical standing of the human. I begin with Alexandre Koyré’s encounter with Edmund Husserl in the 1930s, which I use to throw light on the legacy of Kant’s ‘anthropological’ understanding of the human, which dominated and limited 19th-century science. As I show, those who broke from Kant’s strictures and set the stage for the 20th-century revolutions in science - from Hegel, to John McTaggart, to Max Weber - typically were pursuing crypto-theological questions about how a finite being can comprehend an infinite universe. This journey is about the ‘common measure’ of being human, which is what links Plato to Kuhn, but has been most consistently taken up by law. I suggest that in seeking this ‘measure of man’, we may discover that to be human is not necessarily to be Homo sapiens, which would suggest a radical reorientation of the history of the human sciences.

Melancholy, Hanuš Jelínek and Miloš Marten

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Jana Kantoříková
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Paul Claudel ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The aim of this article is to present the roles of Miloš Marten (1883–1917) in the Czech–French cultural events of the first decade of the 20th century in the background of his contacts with Hanuš Jelínek (1878–1944). The first part of the article deals with Marten’s artistic and life experience during his stays in Paris (1907–1908). The consequences of those two stays to the artist’s life and work will be accentuated. The second part takes a close look at Miloš Marten’s critique of Hanuš Jelínek’s doctoral thesis Melancholics. Studies from the History of Sensibility in French Literature. To interpretate Marten’s reasons for such a negative criticism is our main pursued objective. Such criticism results not only from the rivality between Czech critics oriented to France, but also from different conceptions of the role of critical method and the role of the critic and the artist in the international cultural politics. The third part concludes with the critics’ „reconciliation‟ around 1913 by means of the common interest in the work and personality of Paul Claudel.

Introduction to Philosophy

1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Платонова ◽  
Svetlana Platonova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Matter Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophy Of Knowledge ◽  
Philosophical Questions

The tutorial discusses the main parts of philosophy: theory of being and matter, theory of conscious and the unconscious, philosophy of knowledge, the problem of person and his being in the world, the nature and dynamics of society, global problems. The author presents philosophical questions, based on the history of philosophy and modern science. The essence of society is analyzed in accordance with the modern social-philosophical theories. The book combines the actual tutorial, issues, topics abstracts, bibliography to each chapter, philosophical dictionary. The book is recommended for students of higher educational institutions, as well as all interested readers.

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