Vitamin D and Physical Performance: What Is the Ergogenic Actions of Vitamin D?

Context: Despite growing interest in quantifying and correcting vitamin D inadequacy in basketball players, a critical synthesis of these data is yet to be performed to overcome the low generalizability of findings from individual studies. Objective: To provide a comprehensive analysis of data in basketball pertaining to (1) the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy; (2) the effects of vitamin D supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration (and its association with body composition), bone health, and performance; and (3) crucial aspects that warrant further investigation. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, SCIndex, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Study Selection: After screening, 15 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy, serum 25(OH)D, body composition, stress fractures, and physical performance were extracted. Results: The pooled prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy for 527 basketball players in 14 studies was 77% ( P < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.70-0.84). Supplementation with 4000 IU/d and 4000 IU/wk (absolute mean difference [AMD]: 25.39 nmol/L; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 13.44-37.33), as well as 10,000 IU/d (AMD: 100.01; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 70.39-129.63) vitamin D restored 25(OH)D to normal concentrations. Body composition data revealed inverse correlations between changes in serum 25(OH)D (from pre- to postsupplementation) and body fat ( r = −0.80; very large). Data concerning positive impacts of vitamin D supplementation on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Conclusion: The high proportion of vitamin D inadequacy underscores the need to screen for serum 25(OH)D in basketball players. Although supplementation restored vitamin D sufficiency, the beneficial effects on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Adiposity can modulate 25(OH)D response to supplementation.

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Vitamin D Status, Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Decline in Very Old Adults: A Prospective Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu9040379 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 379 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Antoneta Granic ◽

Tom Hill ◽

Karen Davies ◽

Carol Jagger ◽

Ashley Adamson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Very Old ◽

Old Adults ◽

Performance Decline ◽

A Prospective Study

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Relationship between vitamin D and lung function, physical performance and balance on patients with stage I-III chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.61.02.132 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 132-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tuncay Yumrutepe ◽

Zeynep Ayfer Aytemur ◽

Ozlem Baysal ◽

Hulya Taskapan ◽

Cagatay M. Taskapan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Lung Functions ◽

Knee Muscle ◽

Knee Muscle Strength

Summary Objectives: vitamin D is important for muscle function and it affects different aspects of muscle metabolism. This study aim to determine whether serum 25(OH) D levels are related to lung functions, physical performance and balance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: in 90 patients with COPD and 57 healthy controls lung function tests, physical performance tests (time up and go, gait velocity test, sit-to-stand test, isometric strength, isokinetic strength), static (functional reach test) and dynamic (time up and go) balance tests and the association of 25(OH)D levels with lung functions, physical performance and balance were evaluated. Results: the COPD patients had significantly more deﬁcit in physical function and balance parameters, and in dynamic balance test (p<0.005). Isokinetic knee muscle strength (flexor and extensor) in COPD patients was significantly lower than in the controls (p<0.05); FEV1 (p=0.008), FVC (p=0.02), FEV1/FVC (p=0.04), TLC (p=0.01) were lower in COPD patients with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH) D less than 15ng/mL] than in COPD patients without vitamin D deficiency. Hand grip test (p=0.000) and isokinetic knee muscle strength (flexor and extensor) (p<0.05) were also lower in COPD patients with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was more pronounced in patients with stage III COPD (p<0.05). Conclusion: patients with COPD had worst physical functioning, poor balance and less muscle strength. Severe disturbed lung and peripheral muscle functions are more pronounced in COPD patients with vitamin D deficiency.

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Chronic vitamin D insufficiency impairs physical performance in C57BL/6J mice

Aging ◽

10.18632/aging.101471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1338-1355 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kenneth L. Seldeen ◽

Manhui Pang ◽

Merced M. Leiker ◽

Jonathan E. Bard ◽

Maria Rodríguez-Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Vitamin D Insufficiency

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Physical Performance and Vitamin D in Elderly Black Women–The PODA Randomized Clinical Trial

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-01418 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 104 (5) ◽

pp. 1441-1448 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

John F Aloia ◽

Mageda Mikhail ◽

Melissa Fazzari ◽

Shahidul Islam ◽

Louis Ragolia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Black Women ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Physical Performance

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Case Study: The Effect of Nutritional Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Performance of a Female Squash Player

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 279-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher Rosimus

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

The Body ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Vitamin D Status

The body composition of a squash player may affect athletic performance as carrying excessive body fat may increase injury risk and impair agility and speed. This case study outlines the effect of a nutritional intervention on body composition, vitamin D status, and physical performance of a female squash player. A structured, 6-week, moderate energy–restricted diet (70–78% of estimated energy requirement of 2,300 kcal) was implemented with weekly support. A daily supplement of vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and a multivitamin and whey protein was used. Full blood count, vitamin D status, body composition, and physical performance assessments were carried out at baseline and Week 6 of intervention. Body composition changes were measured using the BOD POD™ and skinfold calipers. Body fat was 23% at baseline and 22% at Week 6. Mean sum of eight skinfolds was 127.4 ± 2.2 mm at baseline and 107.3 ± 0.4 mm at Week 6. Lean body mass-to-fat mass ratio improved from 3.4 at baseline to 3.7 at Week 6. The greatest increments compared with baseline in serum markers were 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (68%), ferritin (31%), eosinophils (20%), and triglycerides (16%). All physical performance measures improved, with reactive strength index (4.8%), and on-court repeated speed (6.0%) showing the greatest improvements from baseline. This intervention demonstrates that structured energy restriction alongside appropriately structured strength and conditioning training is an effective way to gradually reduce the body fat and improve the body composition of a female athlete.

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