scholarly journals Cannabinoid Receptors as Regulators of Neutrophil Activity in Inflammatory Diseases

Neutrophils ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Conceição Souza ◽  
Elaine Cruz Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neutrophil Activity

The Molecular targets of Cannabinoids in the treatment of Cancer and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenabi Aylar ◽  
Malekinejad Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Cancer And Inflammation ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Objective: In this review we discuss the emerging evidence for the effectiveness of cannabinoids in the treatment of cancer and inflammation. The remarkable effects complete the traditional evidence for their successful application in the treatment of pain and cancer-related side effects. Methods: we searched Pub Med (132 articles) and Google scholar (9 articles) databases and gathered the clinical (4 articles), preclinical (28 articles) studies, reports on cell culture models (30 articles) and other original and review articles (78 articles) related to inflammation, cancer and cannabinoids. Results: Cannabinoids are described in three different forms, comprising endo- phyto- and synthetic compounds that exert biological effects. The molecular and cellular pathways of endogenous cannabinoids in the maintenance of homeostasis are well documented. In addition to classical cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2, Vanilloid receptors and G protein-coupled receptor 55 were identified as common receptors. Subsequently, the effectiveness of phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids mediated by cannabinoid receptors has been demonstrated in the treatment of inflammatory diseases including neurodegenerative diseases as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory inflammations. Another accepted property of cannabinoids is their anti-cancer effects. Cannabinoids were found to be effective in the treatment of lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, pancreas and hepatic cancers. The anticancer effects of cannabinoids were characterized by their anti-proliferative property, inhibition of cancer cells migration, suppression of vascularization and induction of apoptosis. Conclusion: The current review provides and overview the role of endocannabinoid system in the mediation of physiological functions, the type and expression of cannabinoids receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. In additions, the molecular pathways involved in the effects of cannabinoids and the effectiveness of cannabinoids in the treatment of inflammations and cancers are highlighted.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7693
Author(s):  
Dhanush Haspula ◽  
Michelle A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Made In

The identification of the human cannabinoid receptors and their roles in health and disease, has been one of the most significant biochemical and pharmacological advancements to have occurred in the past few decades. In spite of the major strides made in furthering endocannabinoid research, therapeutic exploitation of the endocannabinoid system has often been a challenging task. An impaired endocannabinoid tone often manifests as changes in expression and/or functions of type 1 and/or type 2 cannabinoid receptors. It becomes important to understand how alterations in cannabinoid receptor cellular signaling can lead to disruptions in major physiological and biological functions, as they are often associated with the pathogenesis of several neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review focusses mostly on the pathophysiological roles of type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, and it attempts to integrate both cellular and physiological functions of the cannabinoid receptors. Apart from an updated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies, the adequacy/inadequacy of cannabinoid-based therapeutics in various pathological conditions is also highlighted. Finally, alternative strategies to modulate endocannabinoid tone, and future directions are also emphasized.

scholarly journals Update on the Role of Cannabinoid Receptors after Ischemic Stroke

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano S. A. Capettini ◽  
Silvia Q. Savergnini ◽  
Rafaela F. da Silva ◽  
Nikos Stergiopulos ◽  
Robson A. S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Transmembrane Receptors ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cannabinoids are considered as key mediators in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. In particular, they have been shown to reduce the ischemic injury after acute cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. These protective and anti-inflammatory properties on peripheral tissues and circulating inflammatory have been demonstrated to involve their binding with both selective cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) transmembrane receptors. On the other hands, the recent discoveries of novel different classes of cannabinoids and receptors have increased the complexity of this system in atherosclerosis. Although only preliminary data have been reported on the activities of novel cannabinoid receptors, several studies have already investigated the role ofCB1andCB2receptors in ischemic stroke. WhileCB1receptor activation has been shown to directly reduce atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, controversial data have been shown on neurotransmission and neuroprotection after stroke. Given its potent anti-inflammatory activities on circulating leukocytes, theCB2activation has been proven to produce protective effects against acute poststroke inflammation. In this paper, we will update evidence on different cannabinoid-triggered avenues to reduce inflammation and neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Cannabinoids induce functional Tregs by promoting tolerogenic DCs via autophagy and metabolic reprograming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Angelina ◽  
Mario Pérez-Diego ◽  
Jacobo López-Abente ◽  
Beate Rückert ◽  
Ivan Nombela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Tolerogenic Dcs

AbstractThe generation of functional regulatory T cells (Tregs) is essential to keep tissue homeostasis and restore healthy immune responses in many biological and inflammatory contexts. Cannabinoids have been pointed out as potential therapeutic tools for several diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) express the endocannabinoid system, including the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. However, how cannabinoids might regulate functional properties of DCs is not completely understood. We uncover that the triggering of cannabinoid receptors promote human tolerogenic DCs that are able to prime functional FOXP3+ Tregs in the context of different inflammatory diseases. Mechanistically, cannabinoids imprint tolerogenicity in human DCs by inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and mTOR signalling pathways while inducing AMPK and functional autophagy flux via CB1- and PPARα-mediated activation, which drives metabolic rewiring towards increased mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation. Cannabinoids exhibit in vivo protective and anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced sepsis and also promote the generation of FOXP3+ Tregs. In addition, immediate anaphylactic reactions are decreased in peanut allergic mice and the generation of allergen-specific FOXP3+ Tregs are promoted, demonstrating that these immunomodulatory effects take place in both type 1- and type 2-mediated inflammatory diseases. Our findings might open new avenues for novel cannabinoid-based interventions in different inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases.

CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist JWH-015 modulates human monocyte migration through defined intracellular signaling pathways

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. H1145-H1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
Fabienne Burger ◽  
François Mach ◽  
Sabine Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Monocyte Migration ◽  
Ifn Γ

Recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites is crucial in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if activation of CB2 cannabinoid receptors would modulate the chemotactic response of human monocytes. Human monocytes treated with the CB2 agonist JWH-015 for 12–18 h showed significantly reduced migration to chemokines CCL2 and CCL3, associated with reduced mRNA and surface expression of their receptors CCR2 and CCR1. The induction of ICAM-1 in response to IFN-γ was inhibited by JWH-015. Moreover, JWH-015 cross-desensitized human monocytes for migration in response to CCL2 and CCL3 by its own chemoattractant properties. The CB2-selective antagonist SR-144528, but not the CB1 antagonist SR-147778, reversed JWH-015-induced actions, whereas the CB2 agonist JWH-133 mimicked the effects of JWH-015. The investigation of underlying pathways revealed the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and ERK1/2 but not p38 MAPK. In conclusion, selective activation of CB2 receptors modulates chemotaxis of human monocytes, which might have crucial effects in chronic inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis.

scholarly journals Cannabinoids in Medicine: Cancer, Immunity, and Microbial Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Paweł Śledziński ◽  
Agnieszka Nowak-Terpiłowska ◽  
Joanna Zeyland
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Microbial Diseases

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the medical applications of Cannabis plants. They owe their unique properties to a group of secondary metabolites known as phytocannabinoids, which are specific for this genus. Phytocannabinoids, and cannabinoids generally, can interact with cannabinoid receptors being part of the endocannabinoid system present in animals. Over the years a growing body of scientific evidence has been gathered, suggesting that these compounds have therapeutic potential. In this article, we review the classification of cannabinoids, the molecular mechanisms of their interaction with animal cells as well as their potential application in the treatment of human diseases. Specifically, we focus on the research concerning the anticancer potential of cannabinoids in preclinical studies, their possible use in cancer treatment and palliative medicine, as well as their influence on the immune system. We also discuss their potential as therapeutic agents in infectious, autoimmune, and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. We postulate that the currently ongoing and future clinical trials should be accompanied by research focused on the cellular and molecular response to cannabinoids and Cannabis extracts, which will ultimately allow us to fully understand the mechanism, potency, and safety profile of cannabinoids as single agents and as complementary drugs.

scholarly journals A proposed modulatory role of the endocannabinoid system on adipose tissue metabolism and appetite in periparturient dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison N. Myers ◽  
Maya Zachut ◽  
Joseph Tam ◽  
G. Andres Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Lipolytic Action

AbstractTo sustain the nutrient demands of rapid fetal growth, parturition, and milk synthesis, periparturient dairy cows mobilize adipose tissue fatty acid stores through lipolysis. This process induces an inflammatory response within AT that is resolved as lactation progresses; however, excessive and protracted lipolysis compounds the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The suppression of lipolytic action and inflammation, along with amplification of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, serve as prospective therapeutic targets for improving the health of periparturient dairy cows. Generally, the activation of cannabinoid receptors by endocannabinoids enhances adipogenesis and lipogenesis, suppresses lipolysis, and increases appetite in mammals. These biological effects of activating the endocannabinoid system open the possibility of harnessing the endocannabinoid system through nutritional intervention in dairy herds as a potential tool to improve dairy cows’ health, although much is still to be revealed in this context. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding the components of the endocannabinoid system, elaborates on the metabolic effects of its activation, and explores the potential to modulate its activity in periparturient dairy cows.

Complications of Inflammatory Diseases of the Sinuses

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Stankiewicz ◽  
David J. Newell ◽  
Albert H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases

Nutritional modification of inflammatory diseases

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Schoenherr ◽  
Dennis E. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases
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