scholarly journals Introductory Chapter: Current Status of Freshwater Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Gökçe
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Strategies and Approaches Towards Environmental Biomonitoring of Freshwater Ecosystems in Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Berame ◽  
M. B. Hojilla ◽  
E. Trinidad ◽  
N. L. Lawsin ◽  
J. A. Orozco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Environmental Biomonitoring

The Philippines, like many other Asian countries, is struggling to combat the current widespread aquatic pollution levels caused by anthropogenic activities. Environmental biomonitoring is an efficient tool to detect and monitor the fluctuating toxicity levels in a dynamic ecosystem using bioindicators like algae, macrophytes, zooplankton, insect, bivalve mollusks, gastropod, fish, amphibians, and others to assess the extent and levels of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. The present review deliberates on the biomonitoring techniques such as bioaccumulation, biochemical alterations, population, and community-level approaches to evaluate the current status with respect to the extent and levels of pollution in the aquatic ecosystems in the Philippines which also is one of the biodiversity hotspots. Therefore, the potential applications for biomonitoring are proposed to mainly include evaluation of actual aquatic pollutions, bioremediation, toxicology prediction, and research on toxicological mechanisms. The purpose of such evaluations is to critically analyze and help stakeholders to come up with a strategic action plan with recommendations on a low-cost, sensitive, and effective bioindicator for rapid and efficient environmental biomonitoring.

State of the Practice in Performance Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Mariangela Battista
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
Current State

Performance management (PM) is one of the few organizational processes that touches every single employee and requires their active participation. In spite of its ubiquitous position in organizations, there has been a groundswell of questions emerging about the usefulness, value, and effectiveness of PM. This introductory chapter addresses the current state of PM, including its history. It provides an overview of academic research highlighting the evolution from performance evaluation to performance management and the current status. Then, the practical realities and challenges people in organizations experience with performance management every day are discussed. This includes performance management being viewed as an administrative “human resources activity” with a lack of strategic alignment to business goals; lack of manager capability to manage employee performance effectively; and an overreliance on system automation. The chapter continues with an outline and overview of the book, including nine case studies written by in-house talent and human resources practitioners and six chapters (written by scholars in the performance management and feedback arena) describing next-generation research as well as future research trends.

The use and application of freshwater midges (Chironomidae: Insecta: Diptera) in geographical research

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Porinchu ◽  
Glen M. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Modern Distribution ◽  
Subfossil Chironomid ◽  
Academic Geography

The potential of applying the analysis of freshwater midges (Chironomidae) for current questions in geographical research is examined. Chironomids are cosmopolitan in distribution and frequently the most abundant insects found in freshwater ecosystems. The capacity of the family to tolerate large gradients of pH, salinity, depth, oxygen concentration, temperature and productivity enables members of the Chironomidae to occupy virtually every available niche present in freshwater environments. In addition to wide distribution and abundance, Chironomidae are well suited for paleolimnological studies because the larvae possess chitinous head capsules which are well-preserved in lake sediment and relatively easily recovered and identified. As a result, chironomids are increasingly being used to track a number of natural and anthropogenically induced limnological changes resulting from atmospheric contamination, eutrophication and increased lake water salinity. Other areas in which subfossil chironomid analysis has provided valuable insight include climate change, phylogentics and biogeography and aquatic ecosystem dynamics and development. Details describing the biology and ecology of the Chironomidae that are directly relevant to their use in paleoenvironmental and biogeographical studies are presented. The methodology describing the recovery and identification of subfossil chironomid remains is reviewed. A generalized overview of the statistical methods that are commonly employed in relating the modern distribution of chironomids to specific aspects of the environment, i.e., the calibration dataset approach, is briefly discussed. Case studies that highlight the various uses and applications of chironomid analysis in areas of paleoenvironmental and biogeographical research relevant to geographers are described. Lastly, the current status of chironomid research in academic geography is discussed and suggestions of potential future research directions are made.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Karen Brøcker ◽  
Anna Drożdżowicz ◽  
Samuel Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Theoretical Rationale ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Linguistic Intuitions

The introductory chapter presents the current status of the debate concerning linguistic intuitions, starting with their early use in the Chomskyan tradition. It introduces the two main questions discussed in the volume: the justification question, which asks for a theoretical rationale for using linguistic intuitions as evidence in the study of language; and the methodology question, which asks whether formal methods of gathering intuitions are epistemically and methodologically superior to informal ones. The introduction also provides summaries of the remaining chapters and explains how they contribute to the debates raised by these two questions.

scholarly journals Use of Aquatic Biota to Detect Ecological Changes in Freshwater: Current Status and Future Directions

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
José Maria Santos ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Indicator Systems ◽  
Freshwater Monitoring

Freshwater ecosystems have been severely damaged worldwide by a multitude of human pressures, such as pollution, nutrient enrichment, damming or overexploitation, and this has been more intense over the past five decades. It is therefore important that the impacts of such stressors can be effectively detected, monitored and assessed in order to provide adequate legislative tools and to protect and restore freshwater ecosystems. The use of aquatic biota to detect, measure and track changes in the environment is often known as freshwater biomonitoring and is based on the premise that the presence or absence of biotic assemblages at a given site reflects its degree of environmental quality. For over a century, since the early pollution-oriented indicators, freshwater monitoring has been developing and testing progressively more complex indicator systems, and increasing the plethora of pressures addressed, using different biological groups, such as benthic macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, fish, phytoplankton and phytobenthos. There is an increasing demand for precision and accuracy in bioassessment. In this Special Issue, five high-quality papers were selected and are briefly presented herein, that cover a wide range of issues and spatial contexts relevant to freshwater biomonitoring.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Global Water ◽  
Increased Pressure

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the water paradox. Water is essential to life and freshwater on this planet has always been limited. This would suggest that, if water is the most valuable commodity for humans and it is growing scarcer because of its increasing use, then humans ought to be taking care of its main source—freshwater ecosystems. Instead, for thousands and thousands of years, humankind's approach to managing water supplies has been just the opposite. Unfortunately, the consequence of humankind's action and neglect is that the principal source of water—freshwater ecosystems—is under increased pressure and even destruction from both human impacts and environmental change. Indeed, according to the World Economic Forum's annual report Global Risk 2016, over the next decade the biggest threat to the planet will be a global water crisis. A global water crisis will have a number of economic and social implications.

BIORESTORATION OF METAL DAMAGED FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

1998 ◽  
pp. 133-161
Author(s):  
SUBHASHREE PRADHAN ◽  
SARITA SINGH ◽  
L. C. RAI
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals Rivers in the Russian Arctic support zones and their current status

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Bryzgalo ◽  
M. V. Tretiakov ◽  
E. V. Rumiantseva ◽  
E. N. Shestakova ◽  
O. V. Muzhdaba
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Hydrochemical Regime ◽  
River Ecosystems

Implementation of projects to create support zones is closely linked to the optimization of the system of state control over the environmental situation in the Russian Arctic. Previous studies have shown that zones of ecological disadvantage, as well as impact areas, have formed on these territories. In this regard, the urgency of developing and adapting scientific methods for monitoring the status and methods of regulating the quality of freshwater ecosystems is growing. Recent studies show that the reasons for changing the quality of freshwater ecosystems are the introduction of the substances with anthropogenic origin into the water mass and the modification of chemical components of the natural water environment, changes in its physical characteristics and other properties of the freshwater ecosystem.The aim of this work is to assess the hydrological and environmental state of the river ecosystems in the support zones of the Russian Arctic. The analysis of the long-term regime hydrochemical information (1990–2010) of the state observation network of the Roshydromet was carried out using methods of complex indicators calculating and risk of anthropogenic impact assessments.Variability of the water pollution degreeis analyzed. Priority and critical hydrochemical indicators are identified. It is shown that the role of the anthropogenic component is currently determinative in the transformation of their hydrochemical regime for the river ecosystems of the support zones under study. Their hydrochemical regime is characterized by high spatial, interannual and intra-annual variability of the component composition of the aquatic environment; formation of a higher “anthropogenically-altered natural background”; periodic accumulation in the water environment of priority pollutants to concentrations of tens of hundreds of times the maximum permissible concentrations, an increase in the frequency of cases of high and extreme high pollution.

Climate Change Effects on Northern Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems: Current status assessment

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Molau ◽  
T.R Christensen ◽  
B Forbes ◽  
J.I Holten ◽  
G.W Kling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Status Assessment

Mississippian Origins

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Wilson ◽  
Lynne P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Terms

Nearly a quarter century has passed since Smith’s (1990) seminal volume The Mississippian Emergence was published. That volume, through a set of collected works, was the first to attempt a region-wide synthesis of what was known and thought about Mississippian origins. This introductory chapter contextualizes the work of the contributing authors in several ways. We begin by defining some key terms used throughout the chapters and volume, and then we examine the history of grand theory and paradigmatic shifts in the study of Mississippian origins to illuminate the routes that led to today’s thinking. This section includes an assessment of the current status of social theory in Mississippian studies. Special emphasis is placed on a discussion of cultural entanglements, a topic common to most of the contributions and that addresses the ways in which the various regional traditions that archaeologists recognize as Mississippian were negotiated. The final section considers the broad sweep of Mississippianization and its impacts on later developments across the Eastern Woodlands.

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