scholarly journals Hybrid Rice Research: Current Status and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diptibala Rout ◽  
Debarchana Jena ◽  
Vineeta Singh ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Pandurang Arsode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
Genomic Regions

Heterosis is a solitary means of exploiting hybrid vigor in crop plants. Given its yield advantage and economic importance, several hybrids in rice have been commercialized in more than 40 countries, which has created a huge seed industry worldwide. India has made commendable progress and commercialized 117 three-line indica hybrids for different ecology and duration (115–150 days), which accounted for 6.8% of total rice area in the country. Besides, several indigenous CMS lines developed in diversified genetic and cytoplasmic backgrounds are being utilized in hybrid rice breeding. NRRI, which has been pioneering to start with the technology, has developed three popular rice hybrids, viz., Ajay, Rajalaxmi, and CR Dhan 701 for irrigated-shallow lowland ecosystem. Biotechnological intervention has supplemented immensely in excavating desirable genomic regions and their deployment for further genetic enhancement and sustainability in rice hybrids. Besides, hybrid seed production creates additional job opportunity (100–105 more-man days) and comparatively more net income (70% more than production cost) than HYVs. Hence, this technology has great scope for further enhancement in per se rice productivity and livelihood of the nation.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for Outcrossing-Related Traits in CSSL Population Derived from Primitive Japonica Accession Ludao in the Genetic Background of O. sativa spp. Japonica Restorer C-bao Using RSTEP-LRT Method

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lal Bux ◽  
Dalu Li ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Nour Ali ◽  
Muzafar Hussain Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cms Line

The outcrossing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) affect the yield of hybrid seed production. Using a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line with good outcrossing traits, such as short flag leaf length (FLL), narrow flag leaf width (FLW), wide flag leaf angle (FLA), and elongated panicle neck length (PNL), for hybrid rice seed production, it is possible to avoid the procedure of cutting flag leaves and make the supplementary pollination feasible by machine. In this study, a japonica restorer C-bao as the receptor parent and a primitive japonica accession Ludao as the donor parent were used to construct a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population. The CSSL population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the four outcrossing traits using a likelihood ratio test based on the stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method. The CSSL population constructed consisted of 163 lines covering 90.7% of the donor genome. Among the seven QTLs detected in the CSSL population, four QTLs were detected in both years. qFLL-4 explained 6.70% of the two-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao decreased FLL 5.1 cm. qFLA-1.1 and qFLA-1.2 explained 7.85% and 21.29% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance respectively, and the alleles from Ludao increased FLA 17.38° and 31.50°. qPNL-8 explained 8.87% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao increased PNL 4.44 cm. These favorable alleles identified could be used to improve the outcrossing traits of parents for hybrid rice seed production in rice.

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) for Traits Related to Fodder Quality and Biofuel in Sorghum: Progress and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinutha Kanuganahalli Somegowda ◽  
Laavanya Rayaprolu ◽  
Abhishek Rathore ◽  
Santosh Pandurang Deshpande ◽  
Rajeev Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Model Crop

: The main focus of this review is to discuss the current status of the use of GWAS for fodder quality and biofuel owing to its similarity of traits. Sorghum is a potential multipurpose crop, popularly cultivated for various uses as food, feed fodder, and biomass for ethanol. Production of a huge quantity of biomass and genetic variation for complex sugars are the main motivation not only to use sorghum as fodder for livestock nutritionists but also a potential candidate for biofuel generation. Few studies have been reported on the knowledge transfer that can be used from the development of biofuel technologies to complement improved fodder quality and vice versa. With recent advances in genotyping technologies, GWAS became one of the primary tools used to identify the genes/genomic regions associated with the phenotype. These modern tools and technologies accelerate the genomic assisted breeding process to enhance the rate of genetic gains. Hence, this mini-review focuses on GWAS studies on genetic architecture and dissection of traits underpinning fodder quality and biofuel traits and their limited comparison with other related model crop species.

Molecular breeding for improving aluminium resistance in wheat.

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-145
Author(s):  
Jorge Fernando Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Aluminium Resistance ◽  
Wheat Wild Relatives ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract This chapter aims at describing the main physiological mechanisms associated with aluminium (Al) resistance in wheat and how the research about these mechanisms has evolved to its current status. Practical aspects of phenotyping and using the molecular basis to increase Al resistance, which can be easily introduced in breeding programmes, are detailed. This chapter discusses the reliability of methods to screen root growth under Al stress, the allelic variation of genes associated with the main Al resistance mechanism in wheat, the quantitative trait loci and genomic regions that might contain minor Al tolerance genes, the use of wheat wild relatives, the uncertainties of developing transgenic wheat for greater Al resistance and the development of Al-resistant lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum).

scholarly journals Comparative study of floral characteristics in the component lines of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MJ Hasan ◽  
Umma Kulsum ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
A Akter ◽  
AKM Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Restorer Line ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Filament Length ◽  
Style Length ◽  
Maintainer Line ◽  
Anther Length

Significant variations were obtained among the component lines for most of the floral traits. BRRI9A exhibited superiority for angle of open florets, stigma length and breadth, anther breadth, filament length, style length and panicle exertion rate while its corresponding maintainer lines BRRI9B showed superiority for duration of open florets, stigma length and breadth, anther breadth and filament length. This indicated BRRI9A and its corresponding maintainer line BRRI9B possessed very good floral traits that influence out crossing. Among the restorer lines BR168R showed superiority for duration of open florets, angle of open florets, duration of bloomed florets/panicle, stigma length, anther length and number of pollen/microscopic focus. This suggested BR168R could be used as promising restorer line with BRRI9A for hybrid seed production in local condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19739 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 1-8, 2014 (June)

scholarly journals Enhancing Seed Yield of Hybrid Rice by Maintaining Row Ratio and Dosages of Gibberellic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
M. Abo-Youssef ◽  
A. El Sabagh ◽  
G. Abo-Gendy ◽  
A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Panicle Weight

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the optimum levels of gibberellic acid and suitable row ratio for maximization the seed yield of hybrid rice. An experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Egypt, during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. The material under this study included the parental lines of IR69625A (Female lines) and Giza 179 R (Restorer line) to produce F0 hybrid seeds. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was row ratio (2R:8A, 2R:10A and 2R:12A) and sub plots was the doses of gibberellic acid (g/ha) (control, 300, 350, 400). The results indicated that, Application of GA3 and row ratio had significant effect on different traits of seed yield and hybrid seed production. The highest values of flag leaf area, panicle length, seed set, panicle weight, panicle exsertion and seed yield were acheived by using 2R: 8A row ratio and was observed the lowest values were obtained at the 2:12 row ratio. Acoording to gibberellic acid application, the highest values for panicle length (cm), seed set (%), panicle weight (g), panicle exertion (%), harvest index and seed yield were recorded by using 400 g /ha gibberellic acid. Accordingly, the highest net economic return from seed yield was obtained with the treatment combination of 400 g/ha GA3 x 2:8 (R: A) row ratio.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of U.S. Maize Germ Plasm to Phaeosphaeria Leaf Spot

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Parental Inbred ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
The U.S

Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) is a potentially important maize disease that has recently appeared in the continental United States in winter breeding nurseries in southern Florida. To better predict the potential of this newly introduced disease to inflict damage on the U.S. maize crop, 64 public and private inbred lines and 80 proprietary commercial maize hybrids representing the genetic diversity in the U.S. maize crop were evaluated for resistance to PLS in the 1996-97 and 1997-98 winter nursery seasons. Plots were evaluated for PLS severity (0 to 9 scale) at the early to mid dent stages of kernel development. Relatively few hybrids or inbreds were free from PLS at this growth stage. Inbred lines related to B73 were particularly susceptible to PLS. Relatively few commercial hybrids were as severely diseased as a susceptible check hybrid, indicating that U.S. maize production is not particularly vulnerable to damage from PLS at this time. However, the susceptibility of several widely used parental inbred lines makes PLS a potential concern to the seed industry should it become established in areas of hybrid seed production.

scholarly journals Potential Association of Reactive Oxygen Species With Male Sterility in Peach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaming Cai ◽  
Zhishen Ma ◽  
Collins Otieno Ogutu ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Liao Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Ros Burst ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Male sterility is an important agronomic trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production, but its underlying mechanisms remain to be uncovered. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of male sterility in peach using a combined cytology, physiology, and molecular approach. Cytological features of male sterility include deformed microspores and tapetum cells along with absence of pollen grains. Microspores had smaller nucleus at the mononuclear stage and were compressed into belts and subsequently disappeared in the anther cavity, whereas tapetum cells were swollen and vacuolated, with a delayed degradation to flowering time. Male sterile anthers had an ROS burst and lower levels of major antioxidants, which may cause abnormal development of microspores and tapetum, leading to male sterility in peach. In addition, the male sterility appears to be cytoplasmic in peach, which could be due to sequence variation in the mitochondrial genome. Our results are helpful for further investigation of the genetic mechanisms underlying male sterility in peach.

Staining techniques to ascertain CMS/FR system in maize (Zea mays L.) for hybrid development

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ISHFAQ ABIDI ◽  
G ALI ◽  
ZA DAR ◽  
SHABIR H WANI ◽  
ASIF M IQBAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The major hurdle impeding the wide adoption of hybrid maize, in developing countries particularly in high altitudes of Indian Himalayas has been the cost consideration. Hybrid maize seed is generally 4-10 times more expensive than the seed of OPVs and often beyond the purchasing power of poor farmers who have limited resources and little access to the credit facilities. The seed production costs, therefore, need to be reduced drastically to make it available to the farmers at affordable prices. Currently, the hybrid maize seed is produced by detasseling of seed parent is labour intensive and costs 280-300 US dollars per hectare. Cytoplasmic male sterility (genetic emasculation) therefore, has been looked since long back as a sound and sustainable alternative to bring down the hybrid seed production costs besides adding purity to the end product. CMS plants are characterized by their inability to produce viable pollen while having little or no effect on female fertility. The unique pattern of inheritance (CMS is transmitted only through female parent) has enabled the CMS trait to be of great utility to plant breeders and the commercial seed industry. Staining techniques used in present investigation helped in the objective classification of maize pollen into fertile and sterile phenotypes in maize.

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