Organoids Models for the Study of Cell-Cell Interactions

Organoids have arisen as promising model systems in biomedical research and regenerative medicine due to their potential to reproduce the original tissue architecture and function. In the research field of cell–cell interactions, organoids mimic interactions taking place during organogenesis, including the processes that conduct to multi-lineage differentiation and morphogenetic processes, during immunology response and disease development and expansion. This chapter will address the basis of organoids origin, their importance on immune system cell–cell interactions and the benefits of using them in biomedicine, specifically their potential applications in regenerative medicine and personalized therapy. Organoids might represent a personalized tool for patients to receive earlier diagnoses, risk assessments, and more efficient treatments.

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Sertoli Cell Adhesion Molecules: Comparative Expression of Lselectin and Other Cams in Primary Cells And Immortalized Sertoli Cell Lines

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600025460 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 1068-1069

Author(s):

Ann-Marie Broome ◽

Clarke F. Millette

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Adhesion Molecules ◽

Sertoli Cell ◽

Cell Adhesion Molecules ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Interactions ◽

Seminiferous Epithelium ◽

Testicular Development ◽

And Function ◽

Cell Cell

Cell adhesion and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play a crucial role in testicular development and function. The seminiferous epithelium, the functional unit of the testis, represents a three dimensional architecture of supporting Sertoli cells (SC), and developing germ cells (GC). The seminiferous epithelium, therefore, must be receptive not only to individual cell growth and differentiation, but also to cell-cell interactions. Morphologically distinct cell-cell interactions occur between SC and GC and also between SC.[1] In general, these junctions can be categorized into three types: adhesive, occluding, and gap junctions. The orientation and function of these junctions are interaction dependent. For example, desmosome-like junctions (spot desmosomes) are found between SC and GC. These junctions are present in the basal and intermediate compartments of the testis and serve to translocate developing GC. SC-SC interactions, like the zonula occludens (tight junction), function as vectorial mediators, maintaining the blood-testis barrier and SC polarity.

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Structure and Function of Sphingoglycolipids in Transmembrane Signalling and Cell-Cell Interactions

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0210583 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 583-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

Sen-itiroh Hakomori

Keyword(s):

Structure And Function ◽

Cell Interactions ◽

Transmembrane Signalling ◽

And Function ◽

Cell Cell

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Flavonoids and saponins in plant rhizospheres: roles, dynamics, and the potential for agriculture

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/bbb/zbab106 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akifumi Sugiyama

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Close Contact ◽

Research Field ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Special Focus ◽

Specialized Metabolites ◽

Potential Applications ◽

And Function

Abstract Plants are in constant interaction with a myriad of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere, an area of soil in close contact with plant roots. Recent research has highlighted the importance of plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) in shaping and modulating the rhizosphere microbiota; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and function of the microbiota mostly remain unaddressed. Flavonoids and saponins are a group of PSMs whose biosynthetic pathways have largely been revealed. Although these PSMs are abundantly secreted into the rhizosphere and exert various functions, the secretion mechanisms have not been clarified. This review summarizes the roles of flavonoids and saponins in the rhizosphere with a special focus on interactions between plants and the rhizosphere microbiota. Furthermore, this review introduces recent advancements in the dynamics of these metabolites in the rhizosphere and indicates potential applications of PSMs for crop production and discusses perspectives in this emerging research field.

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Autophagy: New Questions from Recent Answers

ISRN Molecular Biology ◽

10.5402/2012/738718 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fulvio Reggiori

Keyword(s):

Life Sciences ◽

Research Field ◽

Model Systems ◽

Transport Pathway ◽

Cell Homeostasis ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Numerous Model ◽

New Knowledge ◽

And Function

Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is currently one of the areas of medical life sciences attracting a great interest because of its pathological implications and therapy potentials. The discovery of the autophagy-related genes (ATGs) has been the key event in this research field because their study has led to the acquisition of new knowledge about the mechanism of this transport pathway. In addition, the investigation of these genes in numerous model systems has revealed the central role that autophagy plays in maintaining the cell homeostasis. This process carries out numerous physiological functions, some of which were unpredicted and thus surprising. Here, we will review some of the questions about the mechanism and function of autophagy that still remain unanswered, and new ones that have emerged from the recent discoveries.

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