scholarly journals Coastal Water: Wisdom, Destruction, Conflicts and Contestation. A Case of Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidul Huq ◽  
Tahmid Huq Easher
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Water Canal ◽  
Water Pond ◽  
Drainage Congestion

The coastal zone of Bangladesh is full of opportunities and vulnerabilities. Water is the central source of these opportunities and vulnerabilities. Seawater, river water, canal water, floodplain water, wetlands water, pond water is the dominant source of livelihoods of coastal people. The propel of the coastal economy is dependent on this water. But salinity alone creates vulnerability of the economy and people dependent on this water. Tidal surge, storm surge, drainage congestion, waterlogging, saline water aquaculture are the driving forces of water crises. Water crises are the unsolved issues ever despite large scale interventions. A shortage of freshwater suffers coastal people ever in regards to crop production, drinking water, health, aquaculture, and so on. Uncertainties driven by cyclones, river erosion, outsiders’ interventions-led consequences are the big challenges of the coastal zone in managing water. Coastal people are challenging, resilient, adaptive, and strong in contestations in managing water resources for their livelihoods. They exploit the opportunities using their ability of reconstruction.

scholarly journals Impact of Cyclone on Livelihood Pattern in the South Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh: Pirojpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Dilara Nasrin ◽  
Mahmuda Binte Latif ◽  
Shamim Al Mamun ◽  
Reyad Hossain Arif ◽  
Muliadi Muliadi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Impact

This research was carried out to assess the impact of cyclone on livelihood pattern in Pirojpur district, Bangladesh during January to June, 2017. The study was both qualitative and quantitative type. The primary data were collected using randomly sampling method (42+42+42=126 respondents) from Tushkhali, Bhitabaria and Pattashi villages of Pirojpur district. The secondary data were collected from different journals, articles, books, official documents, thesis papers and also daily newspapers etc. From the study it was observed that monthly income of  middle (4001-8000 tk) and high (8001-above tk) income groups ware decreased by 5% and 0.92% respectively while low income people (1-4000 tk) was increased due to decrease of production after Sidr. On the other hand, expenditure ability of low and middle income groups was decreased. Sidr has created a great impact on human health, livestock, fisheries, food habit, crop production and occupation pattern of the affected people. Respondent’s houses were damaged partially (66.78%), 33.22% completely and cultivated land 28.57 % completely by Sidr in study area. Respondents of the study area said that the production of rice (8%), chili (12%), and vegetables (11%) were reduced due to saline water entrance into the crop field after Sidr. Affected people were migrated (temporary 23.10%, local 25% and internal 26.10%) from Pirojpur to Dhaka (53%), Pirojpur to other places (47%) on the post Sidr due to loss of houses, shelters, cultivated land and lack of job opportunity. Among all factors of temporary migration, water logging was the first reason of migrating people of the study area. 

scholarly journals THE COASTAL WIND FIELD OF THE SOUTHERN CAPE

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Ian Tyrrell Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Wind Data ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Coastal Boundary ◽  
Offshore Region

The coastal region of the South Cape is presented as a typical semideveloped coastal zone with a limited environmental dataset. The author places himself in the position of a coastal engineer requiring wind data for design purposes. The various sources of wind measurement are discussed. Time series are presented depicting responses at different sites to the same large-scale synoptic situation. Spatial variations, both across the coastal boundary and in the offshore region are emphasized. These variations are brought to the attention of those engineers who may have to extrapolate wind conditions to their site of interest.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pond Water Chemistry and Its Potability Status at South-West Coastal Region of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
SK Saha ◽  
Aminur Rahman ◽  
Krishna Rani Barai
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Water Pond ◽  
Source Rock Evaluation

Dacope Upazilla under Khulna district is one of the most affected safe water scarcity regions like any other part of southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. The demands for drinking and cooking water in the area are mostly met from rainwater harvesting and pond water. Pond water from different stations of Dacope Upazilla was analyzed for assessing the water chemistry, source rock evaluation and its potability status. Thirty one samples were collected by purposive sampling and analyzed following standard methods. The analysis reveals that the cations and anions of the ground water showed the order of abundance as Na+> Mg++>Ca++>K+ and Cl->SO4 -->HCO3 - , respectively. Source rock deduction suggests that the water is mostly carbonate weathering of sea water or brine intrusion. Piper diagram suggests that the water is in saline condition. Ionic ratios also justify the aforesaid relations. The chemical constituent of water is (Na++K+) and (Cl- +HCO3 -) type influenced by sea water, however, ponds are in transition zone influenced by tide. With reference to Bangladesh and WHO standards the research states that most pond water do not satisfy the potable quality, therefore management options need to be formulated for further exploitation. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(2): 159-171, December 2018

scholarly journals Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Markose Chekol Zewdie ◽  
Michele Moretti ◽  
Daregot Berihun Tenessa ◽  
Zemen Ayalew Ayele ◽  
Jan Nyssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

In the past decade, to improve crop production and productivity, Ethiopia has embarked on an ambitious irrigation farming expansion program and has introduced new large- and small-scale irrigation initiatives. However, in Ethiopia, poverty remains a challenge, and crop productivity per unit area of land is very low. Literature on the technical efficiency (TE) of large-scale and small-scale irrigation user farmers as compared to the non-user farmers in Ethiopia is also limited. Investigating smallholder farmers’ TE level and its principal determinants is very important to increase crop production and productivity and to improve smallholder farmers’ livelihood and food security. Using 1026 household-level cross-section data, this study adopts a technology flexible stochastic frontier approach to examine agricultural TE of large-scale irrigation users, small-scale irrigation users and non-user farmers in Ethiopia. The results indicate that, due to poor extension services and old-style agronomic practices, the mean TE of farmers is very low (44.33%), implying that there is a wider room for increasing crop production in the study areas through increasing the TE of smallholder farmers without additional investment in novel agricultural technologies. Results also show that large-scale irrigation user farmers (21.05%) are less technically efficient than small-scale irrigation user farmers (60.29%). However, improving irrigation infrastructure shifts the frontier up and has a positive impact on smallholder farmers’ output.

scholarly journals Predicting Shifts in Land Suitability for Maize Cultivation Worldwide Due to Climate Change: A Modeling Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Anyu Zhang ◽  
Yaojie Yue ◽  
Jing’ai Wang ◽  
Peng Su
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Large Scale Screening ◽  
Selection Of

Suitable land is an important prerequisite for crop cultivation and, given the prospect of climate change, it is essential to assess such suitability to minimize crop production risks and to ensure food security. Although a variety of methods to assess the suitability are available, a comprehensive, objective, and large-scale screening of environmental variables that influence the results—and therefore their accuracy—of these methods has rarely been explored. An approach to the selection of such variables is proposed and the criteria established for large-scale assessment of land, based on big data, for its suitability to maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation as a case study. The predicted suitability matched the past distribution of maize with an overall accuracy of 79% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.72. The land suitability for maize is likely to decrease markedly at low latitudes and even at mid latitudes. The total area suitable for maize globally and in most major maize-producing countries will decrease, the decrease being particularly steep in those regions optimally suited for maize at present. Compared with earlier research, the method proposed in the present paper is simple yet objective, comprehensive, and reliable for large-scale assessment. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of adopting relevant strategies to cope with the adverse impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Avela Sogoni ◽  
Muhali Jimoh ◽  
Learnmore Kambizi ◽  
Charles Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.

scholarly journals Land Use Transition and Driving Forces in Chinese Loess Plateau: A Case Study from Pu County, Shanxi Province

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Han Huang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Mingjie Qian ◽  
Zhaoqi Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Land Use Transition ◽  
Macro Scale

Land use transition is essentially one of the manifestations of land use/cover change (LUCC). Although a large number of studies have focused on land use transitions on the macro scale, there are few studies on the micro scale. Based on the data of two high-resolution land use surveys, this study used a land use transfer matrix and GeoDetector model to explore the spatial-temporal patterns and driving forces of land use transitions at the village level in Pu County over a ten-year period. Results show that Pu County has experienced a drastic process of land use transition. More than 80% of cropland and grassland have been converted to forest land, and over 90% of the expansion of built-up land came from the occupation of forest land, cropland, and grassland. The driving forces of land use transition and its magnitude depended on the type of land use. The implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest, or grain-for-green (GFG) was the main driving force for the large-scale conversion of cultivated land to forest land in Pu County. In the context of policy of returning farmland to forests, the hilly and gully regions of China’s Loess Plateau must balance between protecting the ecology and ensuring food security. Promoting the comprehensive consolidation of gully land and developing modern agriculture may be an important way to achieve a win-win goal of ecological protection and food security.

Movements and survival of sonically tagged farmed Atlantic salmon released in Cobscook Bay, Maine, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick G. Whoriskey ◽  
Paul Brooking ◽  
Gino Doucette ◽  
Stephen Tinker ◽  
Jonathan W. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Receiver Array ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Abstract We sonically tagged and released farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from a cage site in Cobscook Bay, Maine, USA. The fish were released in January (n = 75) and in April and May (n = 198) 2004 to study their movement patterns and survival and to assess the possibility of recapturing them. Inshore and offshore waters in this region are subject to intense tidal currents. Tagged salmon dispersed >1 km from the cage site within a few hours of their release. Mortality was high within Cobscook Bay and the surrounding coastal region (56% of the winter (January) releases; 84% of the spring (March) releases), probably the result of seal predation. Most surviving fish exited the coastal zone and entered the Bay of Fundy along the routes of the dominant tidal currents, passing through Canadian waters. No tagged fish were detected during the wild salmon spawning season in autumn 2004 in any of the 43 monitored salmon rivers draining into the Bay of Fundy, or during 2005 either in the Magaguadavic River, the site of the hatchery in which the fish were reared to the smolt stage, or by a limited coastal receiver array.

scholarly journals Effects of a 5-year trawling ban on the local benthic community in a wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda J. N. Bergman ◽  
Selma M. Ubels ◽  
Gerard C. A. Duineveld ◽  
Erik W. G. Meesters
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Benthic Assemblages ◽  
The North ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Reference Areas

Abstract As part of a large impact study in a wind farm (OWEZ) in the Dutch coastal zone, the effects of exclusion of bottom trawling on the benthic community were studied by comparison with nearby reference areas which were regularly fished. In addition to a standard boxcorer for common macrofauna, a Triple-D dredge was used to collect longer-lived, more sparsely distributed infauna and epifauna. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any difference between the assemblages in and outside OWEZ with respect to abundance, biomass, and production after a 5-year closure. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index pointed to a significantly higher diversity in OWEZ compared with some of the reference areas. A minority of the bivalve species assumed to be sensitive to trawling showed higher abundances (Spisula solida) or larger sizes (Tellina fabula, Ensis directus) in OWEZ than in some of the reference areas. In general, samples collected with the Triple-D showed more differences between areas than boxcore samples. No evidence was also found that the species composition in OWEZ relative to the reference areas had changed in the period between 1 (2007) and 5 (2011) years after closure. The change observed in all areas between 2007 and 2011 was mainly due to relatively small variations in species abundances. In conclusion, 5 years after the closure of OWEZ to fisheries, only subtle changes were measured in the local benthic community, i.e. a higher species diversity and an increased abundance and lengths of some bivalves. Depleted adult stocks, faunal patchiness, and a limited time for recovery (5 years) might explain that a significant recovery could not be found. The current study shows that designation of large-scale marine protected areas as planned for the North Sea will not automatically imply that restoration of benthic assemblages can be expected within a relatively short period of years.

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