scholarly journals Saccharomyces: Is a Necessary Organism or a Biological Warrior?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilay Seyidoglu ◽  
Cenk Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Biological Mechanism ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Eukaryotic Organism ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Replication Systems ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses

Saccharomyces is a eukaryotic organism that possesses approximately 6,000 known genes since 1996. It has long been used for food, bakeries, drinks, and therapeutics due to its many ingredients and its role in several mechanisms. Saccharomyces can be used as an experimental organism for medicinal products in the pharmaceutical industry. Particularly in public health, the use of Saccharomyces in the production of vaccines is remarkable. It has been alleviated that this yeast helps clarify the function of individual proteins in pathogenic viruses. To clarify virus life and host interactions, virus replication systems in Saccharomyces were interested in scientists. The new antiviral strategies with yeasts suggest the biological mechanism of a pathogen virus. Due to the variety of diseases and current epidemic conditions, these organisms play an essential role in prevention and treatment. This chapter will try to update Saccharomyces’ scientific discoveries with the most recent and up-to-date literature.

scholarly journals Enhanced Autophagy Contributes to Reduced Viral Infection in Black Flying Fox Cells

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Laing ◽  
Spencer Sterling ◽  
Dawn Weir ◽  
Chelsi Beauregard ◽  
Ina Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Homeostatic Process ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
High Virus ◽  
Flying Fox

Bats are increasingly implicated as hosts of highly pathogenic viruses. The underlying virus–host interactions and cellular mechanisms that promote co-existence remain ill-defined, but physiological traits such as flight and longevity are proposed to drive these adaptations. Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic process that regulates ageing, metabolism, and intrinsic immune defense. We quantified basal and stimulated autophagic responses in black flying fox cells, and demonstrated that although black flying fox cells are susceptible to Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) infection, viral replication is dampened in these bat cells. Black flying fox cells tolerated prolonged ABLV infection with less cell death relative to comparable human cells, suggesting post-entry mechanisms interference with virus replication. An elevated basal autophagic level was observed and autophagy was induced in response to high virus doses. Pharmacological stimulation of the autophagy pathway reduced virus replication, indicating autophagy acts as an anti-viral mechanism. Enhancement of basal and virus-induced autophagy in bat cells connects related reports that long-lived species possess homeostatic processes that dampen oxidative stress and macromolecule damage. Exemplifying the potential that evolved cellular homeostatic adaptations like autophagy may secondarily act as anti-viral mechanisms, enabling bats to serve as natural hosts to an assortment of pathogenic viruses. Furthermore, our data suggest autophagy-inducing drugs may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for combating lyssavirus infection.

scholarly journals Targeting Viral Surface Proteins through Structure-Based Design

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Yogesh B Narkhede ◽  
Karen J Gonzalez ◽  
Eva-Maria Strauch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Viral Fusion ◽  
Health It ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Viral Surface

The emergence of novel viral infections of zoonotic origin and mutations of existing human pathogenic viruses represent a serious concern for public health. It warrants the establishment of better interventions and protective therapies to combat the virus and prevent its spread. Surface glycoproteins catalyzing the fusion of viral particles and host cells have proven to be an excellent target for antivirals as well as vaccines. This review focuses on recent advances for computational structure-based design of antivirals and vaccines targeting viral fusion machinery to control seasonal and emerging respiratory viruses.

Time for a strategic research response to anal cancer

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
Richard Hillman ◽  
Julia M. L. Brotherton ◽  
Christopher K. Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Rare Cancer ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Strategic Research ◽  
Public Health Priority ◽  
Health Priority ◽  
Summary Paper ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Anal cancer was until recently regarded as a rare cancer of little consequence. The articles in this special edition of Sexual Health clearly demonstrate that anal cancer is increasing in incidence and, in some populations, it has become an urgent public health priority. In this summary paper, we will review the data presented in this issue and elsewhere on the magnitude of the issue, the means of prevention and treatment, and suggest a way forward.

scholarly journals A framework for predicting potential host ranges of pathogenic viruses based on receptor ortholog analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifang Du ◽  
Yang Ding ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Xuejun Wang ◽  
Junting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
Infection Experiments

AbstractViral zoonoses are a serious threat to public health and global security, as reflected by the current scenario of the growing number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases. However, as pathogenic viruses are highly diverse, identification of their host ranges remains a major challenge. Here, we present a combined computational and experimental framework, called REceptor ortholog-based POtential virus hoST prediction (REPOST), for the prediction of potential virus hosts. REPOST first selects orthologs from a diverse species by identity and phylogenetic analyses. Secondly, these orthologs is classified preliminarily as permissive or non-permissive type by infection experiments. Then, key residues are identified by comparing permissive and non-permissive orthologs. Finally, potential virus hosts are predicted by a key residue–specific weighted module. We performed REPOST on SARS-CoV-2 by studying angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 orthologs from 287 vertebrate animals. REPOST efficiently narrowed the range of potential virus host species (with 95.74% accuracy).

scholarly journals Complex Virus–Host Interactions Involved in the Regulation of Classical Swine Fever Virus Replication: A Minireview

Viruses ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Li ◽  
Jinghan Wang ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Anwar ◽  
Shaoxiong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Host Interactions

TRENDS IN HEALTH LEGISLATION AND ADMINISTRATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-624
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
National Heart ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Law ◽  
Health Legislation ◽  
Training Of Personnel

NOW that the national elections are in the background, we may expect to see Congressional decks being cleared for action in the 81st Congress. It is therefore in order to review the achievements of the 80th Congress in respect to health legislation. The magnitude of the federal government's role in the development and financing of programs in the field of health can readily be appreciated by the fact that Congress appropriated approximately $165,000,000 for public health activities during the current fiscal year. Contract authorizations will raise the amount to more than $275,000,000. Besides these appropriations, the federal government assumes the total cost for many of the medical and hospital needs of the veteran population. Among the appropriations voted by Congress for various health programs for the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1948, are the following:[see table in source pdf] LEGISLATION PASSED Heart Disease Program: Congress enacted the National Heart Act. This law provides for (1) increased cardiovascular research, (2) improvement and expansion of heart disease detection and diagnostic services, (3) training of personnel both in the fields of research and matters relating to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of heart disease. For these purposes, Congress voted an appropriation of over $3,000,000 for the current fiscal year. This program, which is to be administered by the Public Health Service, is comparable with those already operating in the fields of cancer and mental health. The law establishes the National Heart Institute and a National Advisory Heart Council consisting of 12 non-federal members, of which Dr. Paul D. White of Boston has been appointed Chairman. Included within the appropriation is an authorization for grants-in-aid to states for community heart disease programs in the amount of $500,000. Dental Disease Program: Congress passed the National Dental Research Act to establish a program to increase research in problems of dental health and to increase training of personnel in matters related to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental diseases. For these purposes, the law authorizes an annual appropriation of $750,000.

scholarly journals Evidence of the Importance of Dietary Habits Regarding Depressive Symptoms and Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Ljungberg ◽  
Emma Bondza ◽  
Connie Lethin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits

Background: Mental illness is one of the fastest rising threats to public health, of which depression and anxiety disorders are increasing the most. Research shows that diet is associated with depressive symptoms or depression (depression). Aim: This study aimed to investigate the diets impact on depression, by reviewing the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment interventions. Method: A systematic review was conducted, and narrative synthesis analysis was performed. Result: Twenty scientific articles were included in this review. The result showed that high adherence to dietary recommendations; avoiding processed foods; intake of anti-inflammatory diet; magnesium and folic acid; various fatty acids; and fish consumption had a depression. Public health professionals that work to support and motivate healthy eating habits may help prevent and treat depression based on the evidence presented in the results of this study. Further research is needed to strengthen a causal relationship and define evidence-based strategies to implement in prevention and treatment by public healthcare.

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