scholarly journals Democracy, Freedom and Truth at a Time of Digital Disruption: An Equation with Three Unknowns?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Danescu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Free Thought ◽  
Digital Disruption

Knowledge-based societies rely to a large extent on intangible outputs and digital technologies, and these are having a growing influence on information systems, media, governance and citizenship. At the same time, the increasing role played by online platforms in manipulating transnational public debates, legitimising algorithmic non-transparent decision-making and inciting hate speech and violence through misinformation, disinformation and propaganda are warning signs of the negative repercussions such digital ecosystem can have on rule of law, political systems, free thought and critical awareness. There is a clear need for international regulation in this area. Rooted in an interdisciplinary approach, this chapter combines an examination of the theoretical, conceptual and methodological frameworks with an analysis of various relevant public and private archives. The aim is threefold: to outline the issues and challenges in terms of human (and labour) rights, freedom and democracy; to identify the regulatory provisions adopted at European and international level to promote accountability, civil participation, and digital literacy; and to identify future prospects, risks and uncertainties in the era of artificial intelligence.

An investigation of the digital literacy skills and knowledge-based competencies among librarians working in university libraries in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 311-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuma Clement Okeji ◽  
Eriye Chris Tralagba ◽  
Ifeyinwa Calista Obi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Security Software ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Filtering Routers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the digital literacy skills possessed by librarians working in university libraries in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach An online questionnaire was developed using SurveyMonkey to collect data from 111 librarians working in both public and private universities in Nigeria. Findings The study revealed the digital literacy skills that the librarians rated as very high and high, and those that they rated as moderate and low. The study also revealed the knowledge and competencies that they rated to be highly competent and competent, as well as also those that they rated to be neutral and not good. The librarians rated their knowledge of network and system security; ability to apply security software firewalls, filtering routers and ability to protect access to digital content by providing password or IP base access as neutral and not good. Overall, the study revealed that almost half of the librarians rated their level of digital literacy skills possessed to be moderate. Only few librarians rated their digital literacy skills to be excellent. Practical implications The findings will be helpful to librarians, information professionals, libraries and library schools. The results will inform librarians on the skills and digital competencies that are essential for developing and managing digital resources and protecting digital contents. Originality/value Findings will be helpful to explore the skills and competencies needed by information professionals and to act as a guideline for competency development and curriculum update in library schools in developing countries.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SLAVIC MEDIA TEXTS CONTAINING HATE SPEECH

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Larysa Gorodnycha ◽  
Maryna Olkhovyk ◽  
Svitlana Gergul
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Resources Distribution ◽  
The Media ◽  
Internally Displaced Person ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article analyzes hate speech definitions as linguistic and cultural phenomena in the context of an interdisciplinary approach, and describes features of linguistic resources distribution in the texts with the hate speech. The paper deals with the functioning of the concept “hate speech” in the regional media space of Ukraine and Bulgaria. The authors define the causes of the hate speech usage in the media texts and study the hate speech as the source of the modern vocabulary. The article gives deeper understanding of the essence of the concept “hate speech”, more clearly defining its boundaries, reasons for distribution and the main features of the functioning, considering the interdisciplinary approach to its interpretation. The research describes the features of an editor's work on the texts with the hate speech and methods of its neutralization, as well as proven discriminatory manifestation of hate speech in political neologisms as “refugee”, “migrant”, “internally displaced person”. For implementing the goals and objectives of the study, the complex of methods has been used: system approach, monitoring and analysis of the media texts in the regional media, summarizing the results of the analysis.

scholarly journals Medical reform: initial institutional, organizational, economic principles and regional peculiarities of implementation (on the example of Luhansk region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
N. Chebotarova ◽  
V. Chebotarov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
Medical Reform

Medical reform is a complex systemic, not only purely professional, but also socio-economic, legal and in general institutional phenomenon. In many respects, under modern conditions, medical reform is becoming a kind of barometer of socio-economic and political stability of Ukraine and a criterion of its development level. At the same time, the medical sphere directly affects the life of every family, every person and every administrative-territorial unit of the country. However, at present, domestic science and state regulation practice leave out of consideration the relationship between health care and local government reform. Such a systemic professional, socio-economic and institutional phenomenon requires the appropriate systemic interdisciplinary analysis. The last years of medical reform in Ukraine have already provided the epistemological and empirical basis for such analysis. The authors, on the basis of the interdisciplinary approach in the generalized form, reveal the institutional content of medical reform with the separation of its – the cause-effect sequence of implementation. This logic is reflected in the proposed cognitive pentagram: «formation of the family doctor institution» – «introduction of health insurance» – «connection with local government reform» – «formation of the network of hospital districts» – «equality of public and private medicine», based on the peculiar triangle «inbuilt» in the pentagram (the first, second and fourth elements of the pentagram). Emphasis is placed on the need for institutional, economic and professional projection of the selected pentagram and triangle on the “health care institution” as a defining organizational and sectoral basis for providing high quality medical services to citizens, which should be the generalizing criterion for medical reform. The example of Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts also are considered as the regional features of medical reform in the context of hospital districts formation (objective possibility / impossibility of compliance with the norms of the Ukraine Ministry of Health on determining the parameters of hospital districts) and some relevant problems which arose taking into account the war in the east.

scholarly journals Ecoturismo e Arranjo Produtivo Local: uma análise da sustentabilidade ambiental em Itacaré (BA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Alves de Araújo ◽  
Mônica de Moura Pires
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Consolidation Phase

O objetivo geral deste artigo é analisar a sustentabilidade ambiental do turismo na Bahia, sob a ótica do desenvolvimento local, tomando como referência o município de Itacaré que tem vivenciado nos anos 2000 uma “explosão” dessa atividade. Insere-se o aspecto ambiental em função de que o turismo desenvolvido no município está fortemente associado ao meio ambiente local. Parte-se assim dos intensos debates acerca das relações entre desenvolvimento e meio ambiente, propondo-se uma abordagem interdisciplinar baseada na problemática ambiental, especificamente a respeito das externalidades derivadas da atividade econômica exercida pelo homem sobre o meio natural, aqui tratada pela ótica da atividade turística. Em termos metodológicos, faz-se uso da pesquisa descritiva e metodológica, a partir da análise bibliográfica e de pesquisa de campo. Foram entrevistados e solicitados a responder ao questionário estruturado 30 empreendedores, diretores e gerentes das empresas que atuam no setor de hospedagem, no período de 13 a 21 de junho 2016, na localidade de Itacaré, Bahia. Esse destino turístico está inserido na Costa do Cacau, onde prevalece a prática do Ecoturismo. Este se diferencia, dos demais segmentos do turismo, por se apoiar em valores que reforçam o compromisso com a preservação ambiental e a interação com a comunidade local. Para tanto, a pesquisa privilegia dois recortes metodológicos: um recorte quantitativo, denominado Quociente Locacional (QL) e, um recorte analítico, utilizado para a caracterização de aglomerações produtivas em regiões de baixo e médio desenvolvimento, denominado Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL). Diante das análises realizadas, concluiu-se que a localidade estudada pode ser identificada como APL de turismo em fase de consolidação. Na dimensão ambiental constatou-se a necessidade de implementação de ações, públicas e privadas, que direcionem e potencializem medidas que elevem a atividade turística de forma sustentável. Especificamente, relacionadas a redução do consumo de água e energia, aproveitamento da água da chuva, gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos e implementação de coleta seletiva. Espera-se como resultado deste trabalho, subsidiar o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas direcionadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo. Ecotourism and Local Productive Arrangement: an analysis of environmental sustainability in Itacaré (BA, Brazil) ABSTRACT The general objective of this article is to analyze the environmental sustainability of tourism in Bahia under the perspective of local development, taking as reference the municipality of Itacaré, which has experienced in the year 2000 an "explosion" of this activity. The environmental aspect is inserted because tourism developed in the municipality is strongly associated with the local environment. It is based on the intense debates about the relationship between development and the environment, proposing an interdisciplinary approach based on the environmental issue, specifically on the externalities derived from economic activity carried out by the man on the natural environment, here treated by the view of tourist activity. In methodological terms, descriptive and methodological research is used, from bibliographic analysis and field research. Thirty entrepreneurs, directors and managers of companies operating in the lodging sector were interviewed and asked to respond to the structured questionnaire, from June 13 to 21, 2016, in the city of Itacaré, Bahia. This tourist destination is inserted in the Cacao Coast where the practice of Ecotourism prevails. This is different from other tourism segments, because it relies on values that reinforce the commitment to environmental preservation and interaction with the local community. For this, the research privileges two methodological cuts: a quantitative cut, called Locational Quotient (QL) and, an analytical cut, used for the characterization of productive agglomerations in low and medium development regions, denominated Local Productive Arrangement (APL). In view of the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the studied locality can be identified as APL of tourism in consolidation phase. In the environmental dimension, it was verified the need to implement public and private actions that direct and potentiate measures that increase tourism activity in a sustainable manner. Specifically, related to reduction of water and energy consumption, use of rainwater, solid waste management and implementation of selective collection. As a result of this work, it is hoped to support the development of public policies directed to the sustainable development of tourism. KEYWORDS Tourism; Clusters; Local Development; Sustainability Indicators; Environment.

General Prospects and Contending Issues in Malaysian ICT Policy

2014 ◽  
pp. 230-249
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Trade And Investment

Malaysia was one of the early adopters of Internet technology to steer innovation policy in a direction that is making the country become a knowledge-based economy. This notion of knowledge-based economy driven by ICT is best exemplified by the borderless connectivity, interactivity, and networking. Since the middle of 1990s, there have been gradual but systematic public and private sector initiatives towards ICT agenda with the prominent role of the state. This chapter aims to unpack ICT developments and examine the implications of the post-MSC formation for Malaysia and its associated issues and challenges. Second, the discussion provides an overview of MSC performance and its importance for enhancing growth, trade, and investment; reducing the digital gap; nurturing innovation; and achieving more inclusive societies. Third, some issues and challenges in MSC development are also highlighted.

The Role of Innovative and Digital Technologies in Transforming Egypt Into a Knowledge-Based Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 386-400
Author(s):  
Sherif H. Kamel ◽  
Nagla Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Government

Digital technology, artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and innovative technology applications are gradually transforming businesses and governments in emerging markets making them more competitive and offering opportunities for economic growth and prosperity. This chapter demonstrates Egypt's potential to enable a knowledge society through the deployment of emerging technology tools and applications across different sectors of the society. The chapter analyzes the critical success factors that are necessary for the realization of a digitally driven society where information is seamlessly exchanged for the optimal utilization of resources for decision-making purposes at the government, public, and private sector levels. The chapter highlights the need for the formulation of a nation-wide entrepreneurial ecosystem that promotes a tech-startup culture that can effectively contribute to transforming the society by enabling inclusion, universal access to the internet, more diversified educational opportunities and a comprehensive and conducive environment to development.

Managing Government Agency Collaboration through Social Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 1054-1064
Author(s):  
Salvatore Parise
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Employee Communication ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Job Levels

Public and private-based organizations are increasingly relying on collaboration—the coordination of two or more individuals, groups or companies working together to achieve a common goal or to create mutual value—to meet customer and market needs. Collaboration requires “rich” employee communication mechanisms that involve both people finding and interacting with subject-matter experts inside and outside their organization as well as people tapping into and incorporating structured information (e.g., the latest market research reports) and “unstructured knowledge” (e.g., expert opinions discussed at conferences) as part of their work projects. Today’s collaboration needs require networks of employees, often with different areas of expertise, organizational affiliations, job levels, or company tenure, to coordinate in near real-time to perform knowledge-based work. Organizations with a focus on the acquisition, interpretation, and sharing of intelligence information can benefit by understanding the barriers to collaboration and how fostering social networks among employees and key stakeholders results in more effective collaboration. This article provides an illustrated example involving a government intelligence agency of how social network analysis can be used to understand social networks. A framework composed of three components, collaborative IT tools, talent management and networked work processes, to enable and apply social networks is also introduced.

Research and technology development needs for scaling up conservation agriculture systems, practices and innovations in Africa.

2022 ◽  
pp. 176-188
Author(s):  
Joseph Mureithi ◽  
Saidi Mkomwa ◽  
Amir Kassam ◽  
Ngari Macharia
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Rich ◽  
To Come

Abstract Although the net agricultural production across all regions of Africa has experienced a significant increase, African agriculture has performed below its potential over recent decades. Many aspects have been fronted to curb this situation, including sustainable intensification of farming systems and value-chain transformation through Conservation Agriculture (CA) across Africa. Based on the latest update, Africa has about 2.7 million ha under CA, an increase of 458% over the past 10 years with 2008/09 as baseline. However, this constitutes a mere 1.5% of the global area under CA, and less than 1.4% of the total cropland area in Africa. A combination of modern techniques and the optimization of agroecological processes in CA systems and practices requires that agricultural research plays a bigger role in its evolution and focus in the different regions of Africa. This targeted research should crucially contribute towards making agriculture in Africa more productive, competitive, sustainable and inclusive in terms of its functionality towards the farmer, society and nature. Scientific solutions for agricultural transformation need to be pursued without losing sight of the potentials and fragility of Africa's agricultural environments, the complexity of its agricultural production systems and the continent's rich biodiversity. The agricultural research and development agenda in Africa must build on the rich traditional farming culture, knowledge and practices, supported by coherent longer-vision for investments in science for agricultural development. Most of these investments are expected to come from national public and private sources, with governments also expected to invest in generation of 'public goods' such as the national or global environmental benefits typical of CA, and to also catalyse innovation and support market growth. The absolute imperative is that farmers must shift from outdated conventional tillage-based methods to modern, well-tested and knowledge-based methods of land use. Making this transition will be difficult without the creation of an enabling environment. This chapter discusses the various roles and advances required in CA-based research that will support the adoption of CA systems by millions of smallholder farmers in Africa with a view to enhancing sustainable and effective agricultural development and economic growth.

International Regulation of the Internet

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Segura Serrano
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Human Rights Norms

The international regulation of the Internet may be understood in two different ways. From a narrow point of view, it may be conceived as equivalent to Internet governance, i.e. comprising exclusively the institutional arrangements that enable the Internet to function. From a comprehensive point of view, it may be interpreted more widely, including all sectors and areas where international law rules that intersect or interact with the Internet may be found. The Internet is a pervasive network that nowadays touches upon the lives of public and private actors. This article aims to present an account of the many domains in which international regulation may be found or may be needed if universal or community interests are to be protected. If although state practice and the codification of international law rules regarding the Internet are now in flux, due to the unwillingness of states or, in other words, the impossibility of finding universal consensus on the matter, it is possible to identify areas in international law that already apply to online activities. To be sure, this use is in many instances a difficult one, as this new technology challenges the extant legal framework. But today the applicability of international law to activities carried out with respect to the Internet is not only possible, it is also necessary as this new medium is truly global. Even though if there is not a new demos, or because of that, international law rules in the traditional sense are needed to solve the new challenges. This is why traditional doctrines on jurisdiction and state responsibility, together with cybersecurity rules (warfare is not the object of this contribution), have been put to work, with adjustments necessary to make their functioning appropriate to the new circumstances. Furthermore, taking into account the reinforced role of nonstate actors in this field, international cooperation is needed to address the problems of cybercrime, cyber espionage, and cyber terrorism, although in this the latter is not as ubiquitous as the former. Moreover, international human rights norms must be confirmed with respect to the Internet, as those rights are exposed to the same risks, if not more, by state activities as in the real world. Finally, the issue of Internet governance as addressed in this article is treated as one in which it is necessary to ensure in the long run that this new medium is organized following the principles of democracy and inclusion.

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