Mary, woman of faith and displaced person: insights for Catholic schools

Catholic schools share in the preferential option for the poor that is an essential part of following Jesus and the mission of the Church. Catholic schools in many parts of the world have an historical and contemporary mission for the care and education of the poor. This article uses key passages from the Gospels of Luke and Matthew to illustrate that Mary can be understood as an exemplar of God’s preferential option for the poor. Mary is presented as a young and poor Jewish woman of faith in the Annunciation and the Magnificat in Luke’s Gospel and is presented as an externally displaced person in flight into Egypt in Matthew’s Gospel. The paper also examines the journey to Bethlehem in Luke’s Gospel as interpreted by Pope Francis. He interprets this as Mary being an internally displaced person. Adopting these distinctive modes of interpretation, Mary can be recognised as a model of the preferential option for the poor for Catholic schools.

Justice and Internal Displacement

This article develops a normative theory of the status of ‘internally displaced persons’. Political theorists working on forced migration have paid little attention to internally displaced persons, but internally displaced persons bear a distinctive normative status that implies a set of rights that its bearer can claim and correlate duties that others owe. This article develops a practice-based account of justice in internal displacement, which aims to answer the questions of who counts as an internally displaced person and what is owed to internally displaced persons (and by whom). The first section addresses the question of who counts as an internally displaced person by offering an interpretation of the conditions of non-alienage and involuntariness. The second section articulates an account of what is owed to internally displaced persons that draws on and refines the idea of ‘occupancy rights’. The third section sets out an account of the role of the international community in supplementing the protection of internally displaced persons by their own states.

Dynamics of psychoemotional indicators of internally displaced women with threatened miscarriage against the background of comprehensive treatment

Background. According to the definition, internally displaced person is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country’s borders. Pregnancy is a state of increased vulnerability for the development of anxiety and depression, which are the most common mental disorders during pregnancy and after childbirth. About 54 % of women experience anxiety throughout the antenatal period, depressive disorders are manifested in 34 % of patients. According to some authors, sleep disturbances, which are reported by 11.5 to 85 % of pregnant wo­men, can affect the severity of antenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as obstetric outcomes. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment in pregnant women with threatened miscarriage, who are living in the Luhansk region and having the status of an internally displaced person, to improve treatment and prophylactic measures and prevent obstetric and perinatal complications. Materials and methods. The study included 22 internally displaced women in first and second trimesters of pregnancy, who were admitted for threatened miscarriage to the hospitals located in the Luhansk region. Patients were randomly divided into subgroups (1a and 1b). Women of subgroup 1b were additionally treated with L-arginine, magnesium lactate dihydrate and pyridoxine hydrochloride for two weeks, as well as a vitamin-mineral complex. Clinical obstetric and psychometric examination was carried out before and after the treatment. Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess the level of anxiety, Beck Depression Inventory — to eva­luate the level of depression, the questionnaire by A.M. Wein — to assess the autonomic disorders, the sleep quality questionnaire of the сenter for somnology — to evaluate the quality of sleep. The concentrations of progesterone and magnesium were determined. Results. After treatment, a statistically significant decrease in state anxiety, depressive manifestations and autonomic disorders was observed. The sleep parameters in patients of both groups significantly changed towards improvement. The indicator of trait anxie­ty in group 1a did not change significantly after the treatment. The concentration of progesterone increased in both groups, and magnesium level increased only in group 1b. Conclusions. Treatment with L-arginine, magnesium lactate dihydrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, and a vitamin-mineral complex has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the severity and frequency of psychoemotional disorders in internally displaced women with threa­tened miscarriage, achie­ving emotional balance, relieving anxiety, fears asso­ciated with pregnancy and childbirth. A decrease in the indicators of state anxiety, depressive disorders, autonomic manifestations, and an improvement in sleep quality indicators can serve as criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment.

CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG DISPLACED PERSONS IN YEMEN

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are considered major health concerns in developing countries especially among economically disadvantaged communities. Currently, there is a lack of information on the prevalence of IPIs among internally displaced persons in Yemen. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of IPIs among internally displaced person in Saber camp, Lahaj governorate, Yemen during May- November 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among internally displaced person from the Saber camp. samples of fresh stool were collected from the participants and examined by wet mount and formal-ether fecal concentration technique. Data were processed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS), version 25.0. The significant level set was p-value <0.05. Results: The study involved a sample of 350 participants. Overall, the study found that 156 (44.6%) of the participants were infected with at least one intestinal parasite. The most predominant parasite determined in this study was Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (24.6%) followed by Giardia lamblia (19.7%), Hymenolepis nana 7.1%, Enterobius vermicularis 0.90%, and Strongyloides.stercoralis 0.30%. The prevalence rate of parasitic infection in males was 55 (45.8%), whereas females were 101 (43.9 %). The association between intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and gender was found statistically insignificant (χ² = 0.118, P = 0.732, df = 1). The finding of the study showed that the prevalence rate was significantly different based on the age of respondents (χ² = 12.10 P = 0.033, df = 5) with the highest prevalence in the age group 1-9 years was 45.5%, where the lowest was 5.8 % in groups of respondents age between 40 to49 years. Conclusion: This study reveals an alarmingly high prevalence of IPIs (44.6 %) on IPIs infection among internally displaced person in Saber camp in Lahaj governorate, Yemen. Hence, there is a great need for improvement of sanitation and proper health education is required to reduce intestinal parasitic infection.

Nutrition status of pregnant women in selected internally displaced persons camp in Delta state, Nigeria

Introduction: The recent flood situation in Nigeria has contributed to the upsurge in the percentage of Internally Displace Persons particularly in the Delta State. Children and pregnant women are more venerable. Poor Nutritional status internally displaced person is a major occurrence. This has a serious implication for pregnant women in Nigeria. Assessing nutritional status of pregnant women will help in prioritizing need and intervention problems for internally displaced person, therefore this study will assess a Nutritional status of pregnant women in Selected internally displaced persons camps in Delta state Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in four selected internally displaced person camps in Delta State, November 2019. A total of 99 pregnant women were randomly selected from each camp. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data from respondents, Body mass index and mid upper arm circumference with assessed result were compared with standard criteria for nutritional status. Data was clean and entered into SPSS Version 22. Descriptive statistics was used and inferential statistic, chi square and logistic regression was use for predicting variables after adjusting for confounders. Result: The mean body mass index of respondent was 23.5 (±3.9) which indicate a good nutritional health status, however 9.3% had poor nutritional status with BMI (>18.5). Also the mean distribution of MUAC was 27.5(±3.6) cm indicating good nutritional status of (<23cm), although 27.8% had poor nutritional status with (MUAC ≥23cm). chi square test, economic status (X2=9.794, (P=0.020<0.05), antenatal visit of at least twice in present ( X2=5.946, P=0.015) and pregnancy and present trimester (X2=12.939, P=0.002<0.05) were significantly associated with nutritional status of pregnant women. On regression analysis only ANC visit (OR= 3.134, Cl=1.226-8.013, p-value=0.17) and present trimester of pregnant women (OR=0.75,Cl=0.016-0.352, p-value=0.01) were significant Conclusion and recommendation: Poor nutritional status among pregnant women in this study is high, there is need to develop programs that focuses on educating mothers on the need of good nutrition in Nigeria.

Economics of Fish Farming in Concrete Ponds, Private Ownership of Fish Farms in Developing Countries: The Case of Nigeria

The setting up of concrete ponds fish farm in a full plot of land with N10,000,000 capital needed as cash on interest free loan basis payable in five (5) years period with the sole aim of making profit was projected. The management was based on polyculture of catfishes (Clarian gariepinus). Data for the study was collected through face to face interview and the use of checklist from the 22nd of May to 27th of July, 2019. Based on financial analysis an interest free loan of N10,000000 was required, payable within a period of 5years, a good return on investment was realized. In addition, the state government was encouraged to empower the populace to engage in aquaculture fish production system. Government fish farms that are no longer operational were recommended for privatization and or commercialization on revival for the provision of more employment, income generation and poverty reduction, especially among the internally displaced person (IDP) in Nigeria.

LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SLAVIC MEDIA TEXTS CONTAINING HATE SPEECH

The article analyzes hate speech definitions as linguistic and cultural phenomena in the context of an interdisciplinary approach, and describes features of linguistic resources distribution in the texts with the hate speech. The paper deals with the functioning of the concept “hate speech” in the regional media space of Ukraine and Bulgaria. The authors define the causes of the hate speech usage in the media texts and study the hate speech as the source of the modern vocabulary. The article gives deeper understanding of the essence of the concept “hate speech”, more clearly defining its boundaries, reasons for distribution and the main features of the functioning, considering the interdisciplinary approach to its interpretation. The research describes the features of an editor's work on the texts with the hate speech and methods of its neutralization, as well as proven discriminatory manifestation of hate speech in political neologisms as “refugee”, “migrant”, “internally displaced person”. For implementing the goals and objectives of the study, the complex of methods has been used: system approach, monitoring and analysis of the media texts in the regional media, summarizing the results of the analysis.