Research and technology development needs for scaling up conservation agriculture systems, practices and innovations in Africa.

2022 ◽  
pp. 176-188
Author(s):  
Joseph Mureithi ◽  
Saidi Mkomwa ◽  
Amir Kassam ◽  
Ngari Macharia
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Rich ◽  
To Come

Abstract Although the net agricultural production across all regions of Africa has experienced a significant increase, African agriculture has performed below its potential over recent decades. Many aspects have been fronted to curb this situation, including sustainable intensification of farming systems and value-chain transformation through Conservation Agriculture (CA) across Africa. Based on the latest update, Africa has about 2.7 million ha under CA, an increase of 458% over the past 10 years with 2008/09 as baseline. However, this constitutes a mere 1.5% of the global area under CA, and less than 1.4% of the total cropland area in Africa. A combination of modern techniques and the optimization of agroecological processes in CA systems and practices requires that agricultural research plays a bigger role in its evolution and focus in the different regions of Africa. This targeted research should crucially contribute towards making agriculture in Africa more productive, competitive, sustainable and inclusive in terms of its functionality towards the farmer, society and nature. Scientific solutions for agricultural transformation need to be pursued without losing sight of the potentials and fragility of Africa's agricultural environments, the complexity of its agricultural production systems and the continent's rich biodiversity. The agricultural research and development agenda in Africa must build on the rich traditional farming culture, knowledge and practices, supported by coherent longer-vision for investments in science for agricultural development. Most of these investments are expected to come from national public and private sources, with governments also expected to invest in generation of 'public goods' such as the national or global environmental benefits typical of CA, and to also catalyse innovation and support market growth. The absolute imperative is that farmers must shift from outdated conventional tillage-based methods to modern, well-tested and knowledge-based methods of land use. Making this transition will be difficult without the creation of an enabling environment. This chapter discusses the various roles and advances required in CA-based research that will support the adoption of CA systems by millions of smallholder farmers in Africa with a view to enhancing sustainable and effective agricultural development and economic growth.

scholarly journals FINANCES OF THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A WAY OF UKRAINIAN AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2(14)) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Anatoliivna Kosach ◽  
Zhanna Petrivna Lysenko ◽  
Artur Hryhorovych Oleksyn
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

Urgency of the research. The need to improve the policy of financing agricultural production is due to the lack of budget support and the imperfect mechanisms of indirect state support. Target setting. New economic and political realities make their adjustments to the process of financing and management of investment processes in the industry, which should meet the challenges of the present, based on the world's leading experience and take into account the requirements of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU. This concerns, first of all, the attraction of public-private partnership finance to the process of managing the development of agro-industrial complex. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The research of the problems of financing the AIC is devoted to the works of such domestic scientists as P. Sabluk, O. Gudz, V. Yurchyshyn, P. Gaidutsky. The issues of the implementation of public-private partnership relations are considered by B. Danylyshyn, I. Brailovsky, I. Zapatrina, M. Zabastansky and many others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The aforementioned studies do not consider the possibility of financing the agroindustrial complex on the principles of the implementation of public-private partnership relations and the advantages of a combination of public and private finance. The research objective. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the possibilities of using PPP as an effective tool for financial support in the process of financing agricultural development. The statement of basic materials. The present state of financing of agroindustrial complex and agricultural production as a priority branch is analyzed. The expediency of implementation of public-private partnership in the agroindustrial complex is substantiated. The main directions of using public-private partnership tools in the context of improving the policy of financing the develobpment of agro-industrial complex are considered. Conclusions. Effective, responsible and transparent use of public-private partnership finances will allow for a steady economic growth of the branches of the domestic agroindustrial complex.

scholarly journals Expansão da produção agrícola no território do Matopiba: territorialização de agentes econômicos do setor sojicultor em Porto Nacional – TO / Expansion of agricultural production in the territory of Matopiba: territorialisation of economic agents (...)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (52) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro Rocua ◽  
Atamis Antonio Foschiera
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

<p>O município de Porto Nacional – TO vem passando por transformações no setor agrícola. Estas transformações estiveram e estão vinculadas a fatores como, políticas de Estado voltadas para modernização do processo produtivo no campo, programas de financiamentos agrícolas públicos e privados, territorialização do agronegócio e migrações. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar os agentes econômicos que promoveram e promovem a expansão do agronegócio, tendo como referencia a soja, nesse município. Em meados da década de 2000 inicia-se a segunda fase da modernização agrícola em Porto Nacional ocasionado pela territorialização do capital privado, baseado na produção de soja. A partir desse momento tem-se um número crescente de empresas de suporte a produção de soja se instalando em Porto Nacional e região. Uma parte dessas empresas ocupam espaços já consolidados e outras estão produzindo novos espaços, reconfigurando a lógica econômica da cidade, que por séculos foi voltada para a atividade pecuária.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras chave: </strong>Territorialização, Agentes Econômicos, Agronegócio, Porto Nacional.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The city of Porto Nacional - TO come passing through changes in the agricultural sector. These transformations have been and are linked to factors such as, State policies aimed at modernizing the productive process in the field, programs of agricultural funding public and private, territorialisation of agribusiness and migrations. The present study aims to characterize the economic agents who have promoted and promotes the expansion of agribusiness, taking as a reference the soybean, in this county. In the mid-1990s 2000 begins the second phase of the modernization of agriculture in Porto National caused by the territorialisation of private capital, based on soybean yield. From that moment has become an increasing number of companies to support the production of soya, installing themselves in Porto National and region. A part of these companies occupy spaces already consolidated and others are producing new spaces, reconfiguring the economic logic of the county, which for centuries has been facing the livestock.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> Territorialization, economic agents, Agribusiness, Porto Nacional.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Agriculture in the Global Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Alston ◽  
Philip G. Pardey
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Rate ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

The past 50–100 years have witnessed dramatic changes in agricultural production and productivity, driven to a great extent by public and private investments in agricultural research, with profound implications especially for the world's poor. In this article, we first discuss how the high-income countries like the United States represent a declining share of global agricultural output while middle-income countries like China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia represent a rising share. We then look at the differing patterns of agricultural inputs across countries and the divergent productivity paths taken by their agricultural sectors. Next we examine productivity more closely and the evidence that the global rate of agricultural productivity growth is declining—with potentially serious prospects for the price and availability of food for the poorest people in the world. Finally we consider patterns of agricultural research and development efforts.

Co-designing innovative cropping systems that match biophysical and socio-economic diversity: The DATE approach to Conservation Agriculture in Madagascar, Lao PDR and Cambodia

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Husson ◽  
Hoá Tran Quoc ◽  
Stéphane Boulakia ◽  
André Chabanne ◽  
Florent Tivet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Extended Source ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Development Scenarios

AbstractRapid changes in agricultural systems call for profound changes in agricultural research and extension practices. The Diagnosis, Design, Assessment, Training and Extension (DATE) approach was developed and applied to co-design Conservation Agriculture-based cropping systems in contrasted situations. DATE is a multi-scale, multi-stakeholder participatory approach that integrates scientific and local knowledge. It emerged in response to questions raised by and issues encountered in the design of innovative systems. A key feature of this approach is the high input of innovative systems which are often although not exclusively based on conservation agricultural practices. Prototyping of innovative cropping systems (ICSs) largely relies on a conceptual model of soil–plant–macrofauna–microorganism system functioning. By comparing the implementation of the DATE approach and conservation agriculture-based cropping systems in Madagascar, Lao PDR, and Cambodia, we show that: (i) the DATE approach is flexible enough to be adapted to local conditions; (ii) market conditions need to be taken into account in designing agricultural development scenarios; and (iii) the learning process during the transition to conservation agriculture requires time. The DATE approach not only enables the co-design of ICSs with farmers, but also incorporates training and extension dimensions. It feeds back practitioners’ questions to researchers, and provides a renewed and extended source of innovation to farmers.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Winter
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Oppression ◽  
The Rich ◽  
To Come

This concluding chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. The book has shown that the multiplicity of lived ʻAlawi experiences cannot be reduced to the sole question of religion or framed within a monolithic narrative of persecution; that the very attempt to outline a single coherent history of “the ʻAlawis” may indeed be misguided. The sources on which this study has drawn are considerably more accessible, and the social and administrative realities they reflect consistently more mundane and disjointed, than the discourse of the ʻAlawis' supposed exceptionalism would lead one to believe. Therefore, the challenge for historians of ʻAlawi society in Syria and elsewhere is not to use the specific events and structures these sources detail to merely add to the already existing metanarratives of religious oppression, Ottoman misrule, and national resistance but rather to come to a newer and more intricate understanding of that community, and its place in wider Middle Eastern society, by investigating the lives of individual ʻAlawi (and other) actors within the rich diversity of local contexts these sources reveal.

Economics of Fertilizer Application to Wheat Crop: The Results of a Survey in Lyallpur District (Notes and Comments)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Barkat Ali Quraishi ◽  
Muhammad Jameel Khan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Reliable Knowledge

Reliable knowledge about the contribution of various factors responsible for increasing agricultural production is indispensable for planning. This holds particularly for the fertilizer use, which has been recognized as one of the quickest and, perhaps, the cheapest means for increasing agricultural produc¬tion. In Pakistan the emphasis on planned development is gaining momentum and for this purpose more data and fuller information on fertilizer response are becoming increasingly essential. The Agricultural Research Stations in the country have been conducting experiments with a view to determining the extent to which the cropped yield may increase due to the application of fertilizer. But such experiments, because of their somewhat controlled nature in respect of certain factors, obviously can¬not tell us with a desired measure of accuracy as to what is actually happening at millions of private farms throughout the country. And, as such, the planning in this regard is apt to be wrong.

Territorial Features of Application of Precision Farming Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
E.A. Skvortsov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Gusev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Production Growth

The article discusses the issues of territorial patterns in the implementation of precision farming technologies, which are insufficiently studied and constitute a significant scientific problem. The purpose of the study is to identify the territorial patterns of the introduction of precision farming technologies in conjunction with the indicators of agricultural development in the regions. The number of applied precision farming technologies was clarified, 37 regions took part in the study, 24 of them provided information on the application of these technologies. The results of correlation of regional development indicators (12 indicators in three blocks) and the amount of equipment with precision farming elements are presented. The greatest positive correlation is observed between the introduction of precision farming technologies and the agricultural production index at comparable prices (0.51) and the level of subsidies (0.37). The greatest negative correlation is observed between the introduction of these technologies and the change in the registered unemployment rate (-0.3). Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that in regions with high values of agricultural production growth and subsidies, precision farming technologies will be most intensively introduced.

ROLE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN IMPROVING PRODUCTION WATER AND NITROGEN EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
Othman & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma4 and Cham6) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb3) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield,  rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher during the first growing season, under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, in the variety Douma3 (7466 kg. ha-1, and 4162kg. ha-1, 19.006 kg ha-1 mm-1,  39.62 kg N m-2respectively). The two varieties Douma3 and Cham6 are considered more responsive to conservation agriculture system in the southern region of Syria, because they recorded the highest grain yields (2561, 2385 kg ha-1 respectively) compared with the other studied varieties (Cham5 and Douma4) (1951 and 1724 kg ha-1 respectively). They also exhibited the highest values of both rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency.

Population - an element of agricultural development in Serbia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Marina Todorovic ◽  
Gordana Vojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The author begins by discussing the relationship between agriculture and population at a theoretical level, proceeds with a historical review of changes in the role and significance of an individual as agricultural producer, and finally, analyzes population as an element (potentials - limitations) of agricultural development in Serbia. The overall production results, and particularly the propensity to technical and technological innovation, as well as the ability to adapt to the changed conditions are, as we know well, crucially dependent on the structure of the working population. Hence, the author discusses regional differences in agricultural population by age, sex, level of education and productivity to provide a clear illustration of the impact of this element (indicator) on the population as the factor of agricultural production. The results show significant macroregional differences by this element with respect to the average for Serbia.

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