scholarly journals Biogas Generation from Bovine Confinement: An Energy Policy Option for Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Louis de Almeida d’Avignon ◽  
Gustavo Abreu Malaguti
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Partial Confinement

Brazil has the largest commercial beef herd in the world and is one of the most important players in the global agricultural market, notably for soybeans. Agriculture has an important demand for energy and emits significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG). To minimize the effects generated by livestock activities, from both the energetic and environmental perspectives, there exists the possibility of the use of biogas generated from beef cattle confinement. This productive system allows the reduction of methane emissions from enteric fermentation and from manure through the production of biogas. This has become an option for energy policy by contributing to the offer of energy and the reduction of the demand of agriculture for fossil fuels. With a renewable energy resource, the agricultural sector dependent on non-renewable resources, also reduces its dependence on exhaustible resources, so that a policy aimed at the use of biogas and partial energetic autonomy becomes strategic for the sector. The article analyses biogas production potential from waste throughout the entire beef production chain in more intensive systems (total or partial confinement of beef cattle). These solutions can contribute both to the offer of electric energy to the agricultural sector in the country, increasing its productivity, and to the reduction of greenhouse gases.

scholarly journals Agriculture Residue: A Potential Source for Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja IA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Agriculture Residue

To achieve energy security and to address energy related environmental issues attempts have been made to find out such energy resources that are economically viable and environmentally friendly. Biogas appears as a sustainable, renewable and carbon neutral energy source, a substitute to reduce the global fossil fuels dependency. Agricultural activities generate huge amounts of organic residues annually worldwide. Microbial conversion of agriculture residue and organic wastes to produce biogas offers an attractive way for energy supply, resource recovery and waste treatment. Energy generated is renewable can have positive impact on environment, replacing fossil fuels and mitigating greenhouse gases emissions. In addition to a clean and cost effective energy source, it improves the management of manure and organic wastes and replaces inorganic fertilizer. Biogas production in the agricultural sector is a fast growing market particularly in many European countries. This article is aimed to review and investigate the potential contribution of biogas from agricultural residues. Techniques for quantitative assessment of the residue from different crops that can be recovered sustainably as a potential resource for biogas production are discussed.

scholarly journals Biogas as an alternative energy resource for Ukrainian companies: EU experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Yevdokimov ◽  
Olena Chygryn ◽  
Tetyana Pimonenko ◽  
Oleksii Lyulyov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Feed In Tariff

The paper deals with analysis of the preconditions of alternative energy market development in Ukraine. In this case study, the authors analyzed the EU experience. The results of analysis showed that the leader of the EU countries in renewable energy has already achieved the target (20%), which had been indicated. In addition, the findings showed that the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption has been increasing from year to year. The authors allocate that, according to the Ukrainian potential, biogas is the most perspective one among alternative resources. Moreover, results of analysis showed that Ukraine has the huge potential of agricultural sector. In this direction, the authors allocated the main types of the agricultural activities, which have the highest potential of biogas production: sugar factories, corn silage and poultry farms. The authors underlined that biogas spreading is restrained by the stereotypes that green investments are not attractive for investors. In order to analyze the economic efficiency of investments to the biogas installation, the authors calculated the profit from the biogas installation for poultry farm. The authors made two scenarios for calculation. The first – the whole volume of energy, which was generated from the biogas unit, will be sold with feed-in tariff. The second – the farm covers its own needs in electricity, the rest will be sold with feed-in tariff. The findings showed that the first scenario is more attractive. Moreover, the farm could receive higher profit if it installed the biogas in 2016, not in 2017. In addition, based on the EU experience and features of farm functioning, the authors approved that the biogas installation has not only the economic effect (profit and additional profit) for company, but also ecological and social effects for rural area, where this farm was located.

scholarly journals The exploitation of western and southern deserts in Iraq for the production of solar energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zkear Abass ◽  
D. A. Pavlyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Solar Intensity ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Basic Features

<span>We have, an overview is presented of the potential future demands and possible supply of solar energy to Iraq. Solar energy, which is clean, unlimited, and environmentally friendly, is presented as a renewable energy resource. Many problems such as CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, industry, human activities, and electricity distribution grids have attracted much attention because of the current state of crude oil production and its prices. Moreover, estimations of solar radiation levels and of the efficiencies of photovoltaics (PVs), concentrated solar power (CSP), and solar chimney towers, have all been investigated. Those systems that combine various sources of energy are called hybrids and they have received much attention in recent decades. The basic features of solar radiation in Iraq are outlined, and the selection of those sites with potential for development of solar plants is based on the local largest solar radiation. Moreover, longitudinal and latitudinal orientation, wind, solar intensity, dust, temperature, rain, humidity, and pollution factors are all considered in the calculation of PV/CSP efficiencies. We know there is an abundance of fossil fuels in Iraq, energy shortages began in 1991 because of the perturbation caused by the full ruin of the country. The obvious renewable energy resource available in Iraq is the solar energy, and its exploitation would provide a means to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and to achieve self-sufficiency of electric energy and export the rest to neighboring countries. Solar energy is becoming increasingly important because of the climatic change in the form of global warming.</span>

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment Analysis of Alfalfa and Corn for Biogas Production in a Farm Case Study

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Fabiola Filippa ◽  
Francesco Panara ◽  
Daniela Leonardi ◽  
Livia Arcioni ◽  
Ornella Calderini
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment Study ◽  
Energy Inputs

In the last years the greenhouse effect has been significantly intensified due to human activities, generating large additional amounts of Greenhouse gases (GHG). The fossil fuels are the main causes of that. Consequently, the attention on the composition of the national fuel mix has significantly grown, and the renewables are becoming a more significant component. In this context, biomass is one of the most important sources of renewable energy with a great potential for the production of energy. The study has evaluated, through an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) study, the attitude of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as “no food” biomass alternative to maize silage (corn), in the production of biogas from anaerobic digestion. Considering the same functional unit (1 m3 of biogas from anaerobic digestion) and the same time horizon, alfalfa environmental impact was found to be much comparable to that of corn because it has an impact of about 15% higher than corn considering the total score from different categories and an impact of 5% higher of corn considering only greenhouse gases. Therefore, the analysis shows a similar environmental load in the use of alfalfa biomass in energy production compared to maize. Corn in fact, despite a better yield per hectare and yield of biogas, requires a greater amount of energy inputs to produce 1m3 of biogas, while alfalfa, which requires less energy inputs in its life cycle, has a lower performance in terms of yield. The results show the possibility to alternate the two crops for energy production from an environmental perspective.

scholarly journals Potential Energy Production from Citrus Pulp and Olive Pomace: A Case Study in a Region of Mediterranean Basin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Valenti ◽  
Simona M.C. Porto ◽  
Paolo Lanteri ◽  
Claudia Arcidiacono
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Suitable Area ◽  
By Products

The necessity to investigate suitable alternatives to conventional fossil fuels has developed the interests in many renewable energy alternatives, especially biomass resources which are widely available and allow to reach both environmental and socio-economic improvements. Among the bioenergy solutions the anaerobic digestion technology makes it possible to produce biogas by reusing and valorising agricultural residues and by-products. In Southern Italy, to date, the development of biogas sector is still very limited, despite the importance of the agricultural sector, especially of citrus and olive cultivation. For this reason, in previous studies the availability of two by-products, i.e., citrus pulp and olive pomace, was analysed in order to choose the most suitable area for a sustainable development of new biogas plants according to the new Biogasdoneright concept. In this paper, after a resume of the multi-step methodology which allowed the computation of biogas production, it was demonstrated that 15.9 GWh-e electricity and 24.5 GWh-e heat per year could be generate by reusing only these two kind of by-products, and could satisfy approximate 17% of the total electricity demand of the agricultural sector (90.2 GWh-e/year) in Catania.

REGIONAL COGENERATION VIA ELECTRICAL UTILITIES OPERATING ON NUCLEAR ENERGY AND COAL: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Marc A. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Electrical Utilities

The use of electrical-utility cogeneration from nuclear energy and coal is examined for improving regional efficiency regarding energy-resource utilization and environmental stewardship. A case study is presented for a large and diverse hypothetical region which has nuclear and fossil facilities in its electrical utility sector. Utility-based cogeneration is determined to reduce significantly annual use of uranium and coal, as well as other fossil fuels, and related emissions for the region and its electrical-utility sector. The reduced emissions of greenhouse gases are significant, and indicate that electrical utility-based cogeneration has a key role to play in combating climate change.

scholarly journals Korzyści społeczne i ekonomiczne budowy biogazowni rolniczych

2014 ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Obrycka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
National Energy Policy ◽  
Biogas Plants

The structure of the energy carriers used in Poland is not favourable from the point of view of sustainable development. The national energy policy is based on fossil fuels – not only highly harmful for the environment, but gradually depleting. Because of this, there is a need to replace them with unconventional energy sources including agricultural biogas plants. Agricultural biogas plants are well adjusted to the specificity of Polish agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Pumping Alternatives for Irrigation Purposes based on the SIMUS Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Socorro Garcia-Cascales ◽  
Angel Molina-Garcia ◽  
J.M. Sanchez-Lozano ◽  
A. Rubio-Aliaga ◽  
Nolberto Munier
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Water Pumps

The agricultural sector production in developing countries is highly dependent on rains, being affected by scarcityperiods and important water resource reductions in summers. It is very common in countries of the Mediterranean basin that need to pump water for the irrigation of crops, mainly due to the problems of drought and shortage of surface water for irrigation. The water pumping from the subsoil can be then assumed as annual, seasonal or direct, identifying different types of energy sources such as fossil fuels —mainly diesel equipment—, direct supply from grid or PV power plants— isolated or connected to the grid through net-balance system—,which are required to be applied by the agricultural sector. It can be affirmed that the majority of the commercially available water pumps run with electricity generated by Diesel engines and renewables, more specifically photovoltaic (PV) solar technologies, which have become a competitive alternative to pump water with real advantages over traditional fuel-driven generators. However, PV Water Pumping (PVWP) solutions have been marginally implemented; being considered as an electric energy source mainly in remote locations or through hybrid solutions. This paper describes a multidimensional methodology assessment of the different types of groundwater pumping with their potential combinations of aggregated agricultural areas, aquifer depth, and irrigation crop requirements, to determine the optimum or suitable size for future implementation of the most advantageous system, according to the aquifer depth and the water endowment defined. For that, this paper uses the SIMUS method for the assessment of the different types of groundwater pumping, with their potential combinations, by considering specific water aspects of the Spanish studied area (Castilla La Mancha, Spain).

Searching for sustainable electricity generation: The possibility of substituting coal and natural gas with clean energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2098525
Author(s):  
Mufutau Opeyemi Bello ◽  
Sakiru Adebola Solarin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
The U.S

It is now a common consensus that there is a need to lessen the consumption of fossil fuels as they are the main cause of greenhouse gases. Electricity is one of the chief determinants of greenhouse gases emission as its generation is dominated by fossil fuels. Thus, it is imperative to decarbonize the electric power sector. The main objective of this work is, therefore, to examine the potentials to switch from fossil fuels to clean energy which comprises of nuclear power and the various renewable energy sources of solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, biofuels, and geothermal. Due to the unsuitability of the ordinary least squares (OLS) procedure in the face of severe multicollinearity, the ridge regression procedure was adopted to obtain the parameter estimates using the U.S. annual electricity sector data for the period 1985 to 2018. The results show that substantial substitution exists between clean energy and the fossil fuels of coal and natural gas in the U.S. electricity sector. The results also underscore the importance of energy resource in the process of economic growth and development of U.S. To fully harness the potentials of clean energy, the study recommends increased investment in each of the components of clean energy. This should be complemented with various policy instruments such as provisions of tax credits and feed-in tariffs for clean energy and imposition of tax on carbon consumption.

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